上海中学高三英语周练一

上海中学高三英语周练1

II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A

Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

(A)

We know the famous ones-the Thomas Edisons and the Alexander Graham Bells-but what about the__26__________( famous) inventors? What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper ? Shouldn't we know who they are?

Joan McLean thinks so. In fact, McLean, a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range, feels so strongly about this matter _27_________ she's developed a course on the topic. In addition to learning \ents to learn the answers to the \ents learn the answers to these questions, they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give _28______________ a try.

So, just what is the story behind the windshield wiper? Well, Mary Anderson came up with the idea in 1902 after a visit to New York City. The day was cold and stormy, but Anderson still wanted to see the sights,so she jumped aboard a streetcar. Noticing that the driver was struggling to see _29___________ the snow covering the windshield, she found herself _30__________ why there couldn't be a builtin device for cleaning the window. Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birmingham, Alabama, Anderson started drafting out solutions. One of her ideas, a lever (操作杆) on the inside of a vehicle that would control 31__________ arm on the outside,became the first windshield wiper.

Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations. It's hard to imagine driving without Garrett A. Morgan's traffic light. It's equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J. Blodgett's innovation that makes glass invisible. _32_____________ you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses?

(B)

There are a few things in life more irritating: you are mid conversation with a friend, and suddenly she bursts out laughing, 33_________(make) you think you’ve made a brilliant joke. But then she says, “Sorry, I wasn’t laughing at you. I just saw something really fun on a micro blog.” Now the whole world is beginning to lose patience with this phenomenon known as phubbing: snubbing others in a social setting __34___________checking your phone.

In fact, phubbing is just one symptom of our increasing dependence on mobile phones and the Internet which is replacing normal social interaction. According to a recent poll

carried out by a Sunday newspaper in Britain, a third of Britons__35_______(survey) admitted to being phubbers and more than a quarter said they would answer their phones in the middle of a face to face conversation.

36_____________pointing or picking your nose, phubbing is also widely considered rude behavior in public places. Lately , a Stop Phubbing campaign group has started in Australia and at least five __37___________have sprung up in its wake __38___________anger and discontent at the lack of manners grow.

The campaign’s creator , Alex Haigh,23, from Melbourne, said :“A group of friends and I __39__________(chat) the other day when someone raised ho annoying being ignored by people on mobiles was.” He has created a website __40_________companies can download posters to discourage phubbing and even placards for weddings.

Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. purposeful B. rolled AC. source Recently the Department of Planning of New York _41________ a report which laid bare a full scale of the city. In 1970, 18 percent of the city's population was foreign-born. By 1995, the figure had 42______ to 33 percent, and another 20 percent were the US-born offspring of immigrants. So immigrants and their children now form. a (n)_43_____ of the city's population. Who are these New Yorkers? Why do they come here? Where are they from? OK, time to drop the \from everywhere. In the list of the top 20 44________ nations of those sending immigrants to New York between 1990 and 1994 are six countries in Asia, five in the Caribbean, four' in Latin America, three in Europe, plus Israel and former Soviet Union. And when we immigrants got here we 45_______up our sleeves. “If you are not ready to work when you get to New York,” says a friend of mine , “you’d better hit the road.”

The mayor of New York once said, \the unique character and drive the economic engine of New York City.\of what makes Now York great. In Europe, by contrast, it is much more common to hear politicians worry about the loss of \the quarter century' since 1970, the United States__48_______ about 12.5 million legal immigrants, and has absorbed them into its social structures with an ease beyond the imagination of other nations. Since these immigrants are__49___________l and hard-working, they will help America to make a(n) _50_______ start in the next century.

AD. fresh C. issued AE. shaped D. majority BC. risen E. industrial BD. admitted AB. unity III. Reading Comprehension Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining (留住) customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But, __51__, words of wisdom are soon forgotten. Once companies have attracted customers they often __52__ the second half of the story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managers tend to become carried away. They forget what they regard as the boring side of business -- __53__ that the customer remains a customer. __54__ to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 per cent of its customers every year. In constantly changing __55__, this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any idea how many customers they have lost.

Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the __56__ implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big __57__ in its performance. Research in the US found that a five per cent decrease in the number of defecting (流失的) customers led to __58__ increases of between 25 and 85 per cent.

In the US, Domino’s Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worth more than $5,000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and __59__ never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in __60__ profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience). The logic behind cultivating customer __61__ is impossible to deny. “In practice most companies’ marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to __62__ them”, says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University’ School of Management. “Research suggests that there is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits. __63__ customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price __64__, and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it __65__ for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.

51..A. in particular 52. A. emphasize

B. in reality B. doubt

C. at least D. first of all C. overlook D. believe

53. A. Denying 54. A. Moving 56. A. culture 58 .A. cost 60. A. huge 61. A. beliefs

B. ensuring C. arguing B. Hoping C. Starting B. tastes B. social

B. plan

C. prices C. mistake

D. proving D. Failing D. expenses D. difference D. budget D. reasonable D. interest D. Attracting D. sensitive

55..A. markets 57. A. promise 59. A.as a result

C. financial D. economical

B. opportunity C. profit

B. on the whole C. in conclusion D. on the contrary B. potential C. extra B. loyalty B. Respected

C. habits

B. understanding C. keeping B. flexible C. friendly

62. A. altering 63. A. Assumed 64. A. agreeable 65. A. unfair

Section B

C. Established D. Unexpected

B. difficult C. essential D. convenient

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C,D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

If you are a male and you are reading this, congratulations: you are a survivor. According to statistics, you are more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman, and nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you will die on average five years before a woman.

There are many reasons for this, men take more risks than women and are more likely to drink and smoke, but perhaps more importantly, men don't go to the doctor.

\octors as often as they should,\so for the over-40s, when diseases tend to strike.\

Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two. For those over 45,it should be at least once a year.

Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man who had delayed doing anything about his smoker’s cough for a year.

When I finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from ling cancer,”he says , “Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, but it would have prolonged his life.”

According to a recent survey, 95%of women aged between 15 and early 40s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age group.

\A lot of men think they are invincible (不可战胜的)\Gullotta says \only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think 'Geez, if it could happen to

him, …'\

Then there is the ostrich (鸵鸟) approach, \and would rather not know,\

\men get their cars serviced more often than they service their bodies,\Cartmill says. He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups.

Regular check-ups for men would inevitably (不可避免地) place stress on the public purse. Cartmill says. \prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases. Besides, the ultimate cost is far greater. It’s called premature death\ 66.Why does the author congratulate his male readers at the beginning of the passage? A. They are more likely to suffer diseases today.

B. Their average life span has been considerably extended. C. They have lived long enough to red this article. D. They are sure to enjoy a longer and happier life.

67.Which of the following best completes the sentence \paragraph8?

A. it could happen to me, too. B. I should avoid playing golf C. I should consider myself lucky. D. it would be a big misfortune.

68What does Dr. Ross Cartmill mean by \ A .casual attitude towards one's health conditions. B. A new treatment for certain psychological problems. C. Refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involved. D. Unwillingness to find out about one's disease because of fear. 69.What does Cartmill say about regular check-ups for men? A. They may increase public expenses. B. They will save money in the long run. C. They may cause psychological stress on men. D. They will enable men to live as long as women.

(B)

Doctors have been advising us for years to \active as possible into our waning years in order to avoid dementia. But the latest research shows that brain training comes at a price.

In a study of 1,157 men and women age 65 or older, researchers led by Dr. Robert Wilson at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago found that people who remained intellectually stimulated — by playing cards or other games, reading or visiting museums — were diagnosed with dementia later than those who were not as cognitively active. But once dementia set in, the group who participated in mentally stimulating activities experienced a much more rapid cognitive decline. Over the 12-year study, for each additional point they gained on a measure of cognitive activity, the intellectually stimulated group experienced a 52% greater decline in cognitive impairment, after being diagnosed with dementia.

“Brain activity is not stopping the underlying neurobiology of dementia, but for a while, it seems to be effective in delaying the additional appearance of symptoms,\the benefit of delaying the initial symptoms comes at the cost of more rapid progression of dementia once it makes its appearance.\

While brain exercises can help the brain continue to function despite the accumulating biological changes underlying dementia and Alzheimer's, at some point, says Wilson, the scales tip — that activity can no longer compensate for the growing volume of deteriorating alterations in the brain. \At that point, the patient is pretty much at the mercy of the pathology,\who were able to push off their diagnosis are likely to be at a more advanced stage of disease. The findings, published Wednesday in Neurology, should not discourage people from remaining cognitively active, says Dr. William Thies, chief medical officer of the Alzheimer's Association, and in fact raises interesting questions about how we as a society should approach age-related brain changes. Surveys consistently show that most of us would prefer to remain as functionally intact as possible and experience a short period of physical or mental disability before death. Gradual cognitive decline, which is the hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, is challenging for patients, their caregivers and society, as the health costs of chronic care continue to climb. But the current study suggests that more people may be able to telescope their mental decline into a shorter and more concentrated time period. \results suggested by this paper are something that people would regard as positive,\\And this is the sort of study we really need if we are ever going to understand how to manage all aspects of dementia as a society.\

70. The word “dementia” can be best replaced by _______________________________.

A. mental disease B. brain damage C. cognitive decline D. Biological changes

71. The sentence underlined suggests that when the brain exercises can no longer compensate for the worsening alterations in the brain, __________.

A. the volume of the worsening alterations in brain determines the seriousness of the disease B. the patient no longer needs to do brain exercises and has to be taken care of by the doctors

C. the doctors can only treat the patient based on his pathological conditions

D. the accumulating biological changes underlying dementia can’t be ignored by the patient 72. According to Dr. William Thies, the findings should be viewed as__________.

A. discouraging B. interesting C. challenging D. positive 73. What can we infer from the passage?

A. Brain training is very expensive for those who want to stay cognitively active. B. The costs of taking care of an Alzheimer’s patient continue to go up. C. Those who do brain exercises will definitely suffer from dementia at last. D. We need more studies to understand how to manage dementia as a society.

(C)

The modern Olympic Games, founded in 1896,began as contests between individuals, rather than among nations , with the hope of promoting world peace through sportsmanship . In the beginning ,the games were open only to amateurs. An amateur is a person whose involvement in an activity--from sports to science or the arts--is purely for pleasure . Amateurs , whatever their contributions to a field, expect to receive no form of compensation; professional ,in contrast ,perform their work in order to earn a living.

From the perspective of many athletes, however , the Olympic playing filed has been far from level. Restricting the Olympic to amateurs has precluded (排除）the participation of many who could not afford to be unpaid. Countries have always desired to send their best athletes , not their wealthiest ones, to the Olympic Games.

A slender and imprecise line separates what we call “financial support” from “earning money.” Do athletes “earn money” if they are reimbursed（补偿） for travel expenses? What if they are paid for time lost at work or if they accept free clothing from a manufacturer or if they teach sports for a living? The runner Eric Liddell was the son of poor missionaries; in 1924 the British Olympic Committee financed his trip to the Olympics, where he won a gold and a bronze medal. College scholarships and support from the United States Olympic Committee made it possible for American track stars Jesse Owens and Wilma Rudolph and speed skater Dan Jansen to train and compete. When the Soviet Union and its allies joined the games in 1952, the definition of amateur became still muddier. Their athletes did not have to balance jobs and training because as citizens in communist regimes, their government financial support was not considered payment for jobs.

In 1971 the International Olympic Committee(IOC) removed the word amateur from the rules, making it easier for athletes to find the support necessary to train and compete. In 1986 the IOC allowed professional athletes into the games.

There are those who regret the disappearance of amateurism from the Olympic Games. For them the games lost something special when they became just another way for athletes to earn money. Others say that the designation of amateurism was always questionable; they

argue that all competitors receive so much financial support as to make them paid professionals. Most agree, however, that the debate over what constitutes an“amateur”will continue for a long time.

74. One might infer that _______________________. A. developing Olympic-level skills in athletes is costly

B. professional athletes are mostly interested in financial rewards C. amateurs does not expect to earn money at the sport that is played D. amateurs athletes have a better attitude than professionals do

75. The statement“the playing field has been far from level”means that__________. A. the ground the athletes played on was in bad condition B. the poorer players were given some advantages C. the rules did not work the same way for everyone D. amateurs were inferior to the professionals in many ways

76. The financial support given to athletes by the Soviet government can best be compared to ________________.

A. a gift received on a special occasion, such as a birthday B. money received from a winning lottery ticket C. an allowance paid to a child D. Money from charity organization

77. One can conclude that the Olympic Organizing Committee _________________. A. has held firm to its original vision of the Olympic games B. has struggled with the definition of amateur over the years C. regards itself as an organization for professional athletes only D. did nothing but stop allowing communists to participate Section D

Directions: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions or complete the statements in no more than 12 words.

\疲乏), very weak. I could hardly walk down the block,\Why, she wondered, then, Wendy and her doctor begin to suspect her plate. \A few times a week I was having fish, whether it was once or four times,\Swordfish, tuna and sea bass, the highest mercury- content fish sold in the commercial market,\

Mercury(汞) enters the ocean with commercial pollution. It works its way up the food chain, and apparently into some of the most popular fish on the market. Wendy's doctor, Dr. Jane Hightower, was so suspicious that she began testing her Bay Area patients. All consumed large amounts offish, and an overwhelming majority tested high for mercury in their systems.

\was seeing hair loss, fatigue, muscle ache, headache, feeling just an ill feeling.\

Hightower said.

The symptoms began to clear up when Hightower cut the amount of fish in their diets. \was so obvious, but the problem was still unknown to the public,\rent a tent and a tambourine.\tambourine is a small one-sided drum with metal disks around its rim.) Her published findings drew national attention. But despite her study, there is still fierce debate over how much fish is safe to eat, and how much mercury consumers are actually eating. So we decided to do our own test.

According to the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), the safe level of mercury intake for a 120-pound woman like Wendy is a little over 38 micrograms per week. On average, a single serving of tuna purchased here in the Bay Area contained more mercury than the EPA recommends a woman of Wendy's size eat for an entire week. Sea bass had nearly twice that level, and swordfish nearly six times the EPA's safe mercury intake for a week, in a single serving.

While there is little scientific data on how the body reacts to high levels of mercury, it has been linked to symptoms ranging from muscle pain to hair loss, birth defects, and muscle fatigue And, as in our testing, the evidence is mounting that the larger the fish, the more the exposure.

(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statement in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.) 81. The popular fish on the market obtain mercury through and . 82. When Dr. Hightower \ . 83. What did Dr. Hightower do with the information she discovered? _________________________________________________________________________ 84. What should people do according to the test done by the EPA? __________________________________________________________________________ 第II卷 I. Translation

Directions :Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

1.务必放弃这种不切实际的想法，否则你将一事无成。(sure)

2.使我大为宽慰的是，孩子们逐渐意识到在人生关键的时候要三思而后行。(relief) 3.那位为自己上课开小差而感到惭愧的学生花了几乎两个小时才解出这道数学难题。(ashamed)

4.飞机刚起飞，她就迫不及待地告诉其他乘客这是她第一次乘坐飞机。(Hardly,wait) 5.考虑到仅从书本上学习知识是远远不够的，学校号召学生们积极参加各项社会活动以培养他们把理论运用到实践中的能力。（far,call)

Keys

25-30 less famous that unless it through wondering 31-35 an Can making by surveyed 36-40 Like others as were chatting where 41-50 C BC D AC B AE AB BD A AD 51-55 B C B D A 56-60 C D C A B 61-65 B C C D B

66-69 C A D B 70-73 C A D B 74-77 A C C B 78.commercial pollution, food chain

79.draw people’s attention to the danger /warn people of the danger 80. She published the result of the study./ She made it known to the public 81. People should eat less sea food./People should cut down on fish in their diets Translation

1. Be sure to give up this unrealistic/impractical idea, or you will accomplish nothing. 2. To my great relief, the kids have come to realize they should think carefully before they act at the critical moment of life.

3. The students who was /felt ashamed of being absent-minded in class spent almost two hours working out the difficult math problems.

4. Hardly had the plane taken off when he couldn’t /could hardly wait to tell the other passenger that this was the first time he had taken a plane.

5. Considering it is far from enough to acquire/ obtain /gain knowledge from books , the school has called on their students to take an active part in various social activities to develop their ability to apply theory to practice.

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