第3部分： 概括段落大意和补全句子

第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子 （第16～25题，每题1分，共1 0分）

阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的2项测试任务：(1)从第16～20题后所给的6个选项中为第①一⑤段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)从第21～25题后所给的6个选项中选择5个正确选项，分别完成每个句子，并在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。

Passage 1 （选自大纲样题） The Weight Experiment

Nicola Walters has been taking part in experiments in Scotland to discover why

humans gain and lose weight. Being locked in a small room called a

'calorimeter'（热量测量室）is one way to find out．

① The signs above the two rooms read simply 'Chamber One' and 'Chamber Two'.

These are the calorimeters: 4m by 2m white-walled rooms where human volunteers

are locked up in the name of science. Outside these rooms another sign reads

'Please do not enter-work in progress' and in front of the rooms advanced

machinery registers every move the volunteers make. Each day, meals measured to

the last gram are passed through a hole in the wall of the calorimeter to the resident volunteer.

② Nicola Walters is one of twenty volunteers who, over the past eight months,

have spent varying periods inside the calorimeter. Tall and slim, Nicola does

not have a weight problem, but thought the strict diet might help with her

training and fitness programme. A self-employed community dance worker, she was

able to fit the experiment in around her work. She saw an advertisement for

volunteers at her local gym and as she is interested in the whole area of diet

and exercise, she thought she would help out.

③ The experiment on Nicola involved her spending one day on a fixed diet at home

and the next in the room. This sequence was repeated four times over six weeks.

She arrived at the calorimeter at 8:30 am on each of the four mornings and from

then on everything she ate or drank was carefully measured. Her every move was

noted too, her daily exercise routine timed to the last second. At regular

intervals, after eating, she filled in forms about how hungry she felt and

samples were taken for analysis.

④ The scientists help volunteers impose a kind of order on the long days they

face in the room. 'The first time, I only took one video and a book, but it was

OK because I watched TV the rest of the time,' says Nicola. And twice a day she

used the exercise bike. She pedaled（踩踏板) for half an hour, watched by

researchers to make sure she didn't go too fast.

⑤ It seems that some foods encourage you to eat more, while others satisfy you

quickly. Volunteers are already showing that high-fat diets are less likely to

make you feel full. Believing that they may now know what encourages people to

overeat, the researchers are about to start testing a high-protein weight-loss

diet. Volunteers are required and Nicola has signed up for further sessions.

A. What does the calorimeter look like inside? B. What programme was designed for the experiment? C. What is a calorimeter?

D. What kind of foods are to people’s taste? E. How do the volunteers kill the time? F. Why did Nicola join in the experiments? Task l

16. Paragraph ① 17. Paragraph ② 18. Paragraph ③ 19. Paragraph ④ 20. Paragraph ⑤ 16. Paragraph ① 显示答案

【答案】C【解析】第一段主要讲了实验所需要的设备和条

件，前面的内容主要针对calorimeter做了相关描述。 17. Paragraph ② 显示答案

【答案】F【解析】第二段主要介绍了Nicola自愿参加这一实验的意图和目的，虽然没有超重问题，但出于对饮食调节和身材的保持，她选择加入这一项目。 18. Paragraph ③ 显示答案

【答案】B【解析】该段的第一句话是主题句The experiment on Nicola involved her spending one day on a

fixed diet at home and the next in the room.即：实验所涉及的内容、具体的要求和环节。 19. Paragraph ④ 显示答案

【答案】E【解析】段首句往往是主题句，首句说明科学家帮助志愿者设定一个日程表来打发在密室里的时间。后面介绍了看电视、看录像、看书、骑单车等活动。 20. Paragraph ⑤ 显示答案

【答案】D【解析】第五段的首句出现了foods一词，从剩余的两个选项A和D中很明显就能选出D。第五段主要介绍了什么食物适合人的胃口。

小贴士：本部分考查学生的概括能力，读懂首句是关键，因为首句往往是主题句。

请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！【单选题】Decide which of the statements can best summarize the following passage.Celebrities will always have a large influence on society. The

influence they have on twitter is incredible. Twitter is an easy way for fans to

connect with their favorite celebrity and many celebrities are taking advantage

of Twitter's popularity. Every celebrity tweet starts a firestorm of retweets,

replies, and discussions about what a celebrity just tweeted. A good example of

this is that the trending topics often revolve around a celebrity or something

that a celebrity recently tweeted. Celebrity tweets also become news in the

world of celebrity news. Celebrities now use Twitter to communicate with the

public instead of issuing statements, and also use their accounts to dispel

rumors, make announcements, and promote their movies, albums, or books.

Moreover, because there are so many celebrity tabloids（小报），simple tweets about their

everyday

lives

will

also

become

front-page

news.A． Celebrities' use of

tweetB． Politician's influence on tweetC． Tweet's popularityD． New

organizations' understanding of

tweet【答案】A【解析】本题考查概括段落大意。本段出现频率最高的词是celebrity，本段一直在讲名人如何使用微博，故选A。【知识点】概括段落大意 Task 2

21. The machinery outside the calorimeters records everything _______.

22. Nicola Walters had time for the experiments _______. 23. Volunteers have to get prepared for the time in the calorimeter _______.

24. The experiments show that high-fat diets _______. 25. Researchers watched Nicola pedaling _______. A. the volunteers do.

B. because she does not have a weight problem.

C. because the life there can be very boring. D. make people overeat. E. because she was her own boss. F. so as to control the speed.

21. The machinery outside the calorimeters records everything _______. 显示答案

【答案】A【解析】根据题干中的关键词calorimeters和record定位在第一段。从第一段第三句话尤其是后半句Outside these rooms

another sign reads 'Please do not enter-work in progress' and in front of the

rooms advanced machinery registers every move the volunteers make.可知答案为A。此处record和register属同义替换。 22. Nicola Walters had time for the experiments _______. 显示答案

【答案】E【解析】根据题干中的关键词Nicola Walters定位在第二段，关键句是第二段的第三句话A self-employed community

dance worker, she was able to fit the experiment in around her work.

23. Volunteers have to get prepared for the time in the calorimeter _______. 显示答案

【答案】C【解析】根据题干中的关键词volunteers及同一顺序的原则定位在第四段。该段主要讲了密室里的生活很枯燥。同时根据句子结构分析可知此处需填从句，故从B和C中选择。

24. The experiments show that high-fat diets _______. 显示答案

【答案】D【解析】根据第五段第二三句话Volunteers are already showing that high-fat diets高脂膳食 are

less likely to make you feel full. Believing that they may now know what

encourages people to overeat, …

25. Researchers watched Nicola pedaling _______. 显示答案

【答案】F【解析】根据题干中的关键词researchers，Nicola及pedaling定位在第四段的最后一句She pedaled（踩踏板) for half an hour, watched by researchers to make sure she didn't go too fast.

小贴士：根据题干中的关键词回到原文中快速进行定位是取得高分的诀窍，同时要观察题干的结构及备选答案的结构以

快速缩小范围。

请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！【单选题】Decide which of the statements can be filled in the

blank to make the sentence complete according to the following passage.1 Flynn,

at the ePolicy Institute, says it's important that employers have a clear online

policy and then explain it. She believes not enough employers have conducted

formal training on such matters as online responsibility and confidentiality（保密性）.2 Meantime, her advice to any employee is this: \

start blogging. Don't start chatting. Don't even start e-mailing until you read

the company policy.\Flynn suggests that employees should start blogging,

chatting or e-mailing only after they finish ________.A． having a clear online

policyB． read the company policyC． reading the company policyD． have conducted

formal training【答案】C【解析】本题考查补全句子。根据题干中的start blogging，chatting，

e-mailing定位在第二段。再根据句子结构，因为finish要接动名词作宾语，可以排除B和D，再根据\Don't

start chatting. Don't even start e-mailing until you read the company

policy.\可以确定答案为reading the company policy，即C。【知识点】补全句子

Passage 2 （选自Self-Assessment 1） Five Reasons to Celebrate Mistakes

① Mistakes have a way of focusing our attention and putting crucial problems

right in our face. Mistakes light a path for us. When we own up to our mistakes,

we often know exactly what's working and what we can do to fix it.

② There is one sure way to avoid mistakes and that's to avoid life. The writer

who never finishes a book will never have to worry about getting negative

reviews. The comedian who never performs in front of an audience is sure to

avoid telling jokes that fall flat失败，达不到预期效果. When

we are comfortable with

making mistakes, we're more likely to take risks and tackle projects.

Celebrating mistakes involves wisdom. Effective people don't set goals with the

idea of making mistakes. Instead, they aim to reach those goals while accepting the risk of error.

③ Imagine working at a company that has no standards - where mistakes are not

distinguished from successes and no one is held accountable for errors. We could

turn in the most careless and the crudest未加工的，肤浅的 pieces of work we'd ever done,

and they would get treated the same as our best work. We'd never be able to

count on having the supplies we needed because no one would complain when

vendors供应商，商贩 failed to deliver. Projects could go permanently unfinished and no

one would say anything. In an atmosphere where there's no difference between

failure and success, the word \would be without meaning. Mistakes can

happen only when people are truly committed to making things work.

④ The word \what we desire.

Noticing and admitting our mistakes reminds us of what we really want to have,

do, and be. Mistakes offer us an opportunity to practice truth telling. With

this act come the rewards of honesty and frankness, including self-knowledge自知之明

and the capacity for change. As we tell the truth about our mistakes, we can

benefit by releasing shame and blame. Fixing mistakes and preventing them from happening again are key goals.

⑤ Mistakes are usually more instructive than successes - and often far more

interesting. The lessons we learn from making mistakes often stick with us for a

lifetime. We can translate those lessons into new values and

behaviors that make

a profound difference. With all these potential benefits from mistakes, we have

plenty of reasons to celebrate them. Task l

A. Mistakes encourage taking risks B. Mistakes practice telling truth C. Mistakes make powerful teachers D. Mistakes are as important as successes E. Mistakes focus our attention F. Mistakes make things work

16. Paragraph ① 17. Paragraph ② 18. Paragraph ③ 19. Paragraph ④ 20. Paragraph ⑤

16. Paragraph ① 显示答案

【答案】E【解析】第一段首句给出了相关信息Mistakes have

a way of focusing our attention and putting crucial problems right in our face.故选E。 17. Paragraph ② 显示答案

【答案】A【解析】第二段通过事例讲到人应该不惧怕犯错误，才能改正错误，让自己进步。A项中的关键词encourage taking

risks符合本段语境，故选A。 18. Paragraph ③ 显示答案

【答案】F【解析】第三段通过在公司工作的情况，指出没有正确与错误标准的公司不会有任何进步和发展。所以结尾总结出只有在人们推动事情有所进展的时候，错误才会发现。与F含义相符。 19. Paragraph ④ 显示答案

【答案】B【解析】第四段是对\错误\的意义的论述，承认错误可以让我们知道自己真正所想，可以给我们机会说出真相。这样的话我们就可以得到诚恳和坦率、自身知识的提高和改变的能力，又讲到了说出错误的种种好处。再结合第四段的第三句Mistakes

offer us an opportunity to practice truth telling.可知B项符合本

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