英汉翻译基础教程练习答案总主编冯庆华

汉英翻译基础教程

第一章 汉英词汇比较与翻译 ........................................ 2 第二章 词法翻译的一般技巧 ....................................... 4 第三章 名词的抽象和具体译法 ..................................... 9 第四章 动词的翻译 ............................................... 11 第五章 数词和冠词的翻译 ........................................ 12 第六章 成语的英译 ............................................... 13 第七章 修辞格的翻译 .............................................. 17 笫八章 文化词语的翻译 .......................................... 19 第九章 汉英句子比较与翻译 ..................................... 20 第十章 换序和转态译法 .......................................... 23 笫十一章 断句合句译法 .......................................... 25 笫十二章 长句的翻译 ............................................. 27 第十四章 汉英语篇比较与翻译 ................................... 29 第十五章 风格与翻译 ............................................. 30 第十六章 语用与翻译 ............................................. 32

第一章 汉英词汇比较与翻译

第一节 翻译中的选义

一、 结合语境选择较贴切的译文 1. b 2. a 3. b 4. a

二、译出下列词语，注意词语的不同搭配 1． a swarm of bees a brood of chickens

a litter of pups

2. a bevy of beautiful ladies a pack of hounds a team of ducks a herd of antelopes 3. unfailing support

proactive fiscal policy

make effective use of overseas resources 4. make a phone call take a taxi

knit a woolen sweater fetch water play basketball spray insecticide 5. basic wage

capital construction essential commodity primary industry fundamental interest

三、翻译下列句子，注意画线词语的理解

1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern

2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public. 3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan. 4. Everyone complained against such a practice. 5. They had a dispute at the meeting. 6. You should follow the doctor's advice. 7. They reached a consensus on this issue.

8. There is still some unfinished business to settle. 9. We have consulted him about the matter.

10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now

第二节 翻译中的选词

一、翻译下列各句，注意词的选择和搭配。 1. That depends upon circumstances.

2. This state of affairs must be changed. 3. How do matters stand with them? 4. He presents all his books to the library

5. A teacher should devote himself to the cause of education. 6. The committee consists of 15 members. 7. Air is made up of a mixture of gases. 8. Go in for rigorous training and set strict3?mand. 二、翻译下列词组，注意词汇的搭配方式。 1．set sail

2. open quotation

3. the beginning of spring 4. go into operation 5．be taken in 6. make progress

7. distinguished guests 8. be on duty

三、翻译下列各句，注意汉语中词汇的词义范围。

1. It rained cats and dogs (hard / heavily) three days on end (in succession / running). 2. He likes talking big (talking large / talking horse /talking tall)/ he likes saying big words (large words) .

3. They are giving the classroom a good (general / spring / through) clean(ing).

4. A person like him is by no means (in no way / on no account / never / not absolutely) rare.

5. We should go in for industry in a big way in accordance with your suggestion.

6. If you do it like that, you'll be completely (gravely / seriously) mistaken (be absolutely wrong / make a big mistake / make a major blunder / commit a very gross error).

第三节 翻译中的多样性

一、翻译下列句子，注意画线词的多样性译法。

1.\you are always of one mind,‖ Second Sister chuckled, \

it be if we were to betroth you to him?\2. Through clenched teeth he added, ...

3. \teeth with

rage just before she died. \

4. But after her initial fright Xifeng put on a bold face. \\

all the fuss about?\

二、翻译下列句子，注意画线部分的成语。 1. The more you get, the more you want.

2. It’s only natural for man to hanker for more.

3. Goodness knows what they're being so secretive about.

4. She's been creeping in here the last couple of days in a very sneaky way. Goodness knows

what she's up to.

5. Who told you to make such a fuss over nothing? 6. Anything will do; don't fuss.

7. Our grandma is ill; don't kick up such a shindy.(口语：吵架。争吵，打架)

8. When others heard this they commented, ―We thought it was someone who mattered isn't worth making such a fuss about.‖

第二章 词法翻译的一般技巧

第一节 对等译法

一、翻译下面的句子，注意搭配产生的―假朋友‖ 1. a faithful Christian 2. a loving parent 3. an obedient child 4. a virtuous wife

5. a dutiful husband 6. a hardworking student 7. strong wind 8. thick fog

9 heavy rain

二、翻译下列句子，注意不顾语境而产生的―假朋友‖。

1. Only when they find much n common and hope to keep in touch later on, will they offer their cards. (注意不要把―投机‖翻译成speculative)

2. Another example. The reading of Chinese classics is a must for all Chinese. Nevertheless, it was not until I was over 30 that I came to realize the importance of self-study in the matter of classics.

3. Dear young friends, my advice to you is: Do physical exercises perseveringly. That has nothing to do with merry-making or time-wasting. Good health is the wherewithal for a successful life and career.

三、用对等译法，翻译下列成语。 1. fish in troubled waters 2. be after one's own heart 3. skin and bones 4. touch and go

5. hit the nail on the head

6. be head and shoulders above others 7. turn a deaf ear to 8. burn one's boat 9. turn a blind eye to

10. look for a needle in a bundle of hay 四、用对等译法，翻译下列谚语。 1. Practice makes perfect.

2. More haste, less speed. 3. East or west, home is best.

4. All is fish that comes to the net. 5. Everything comes to him who waits

6. The moon is not seen when the sun shines 7. Look before you leap.

8. There is no smoke without fire.

第二节 增词译法

一、翻译下列句子，注意增补冠词

1. Even a child can answer this question. 2. This is the head of our delegation

3. He put the paper aside and turned on the radio. 4. The Chinese people are industrious and brave. 5. We must have faith in the masses. 6. The compass was invented in China 7. The moon moves around the earth. 二、翻译下列句子，注意增补代词。 1. Hand in your exercise-books, please. 2. I can't express myself in English.

3. Liberalism manifests itself in various ways. 4. Don't overwork yourself.

5. I wish to avail myself of this opportunity to express our gratitude to you. 三、翻译下列句子，注意增补动词。 1. They are in high spirits. 2. They beamed with joy.

3. He is quick of eye and deft of hand. 4. This article is easy to read and understand 5. I stood aloof from him.

四、翻译下列句子，注意增补介词。

l. The book is very popular among young people. 2. She inquired about your illness.

3. The mountain is l,000 feet above the sea level. 4. Shut the door after/when you go out. 5. Dinner was at one o'clock.

6. We rejoice at every victory you win. 五、翻译下列句子，注意增补连词。

1. Promote physical culture and build up the people's health 2. Men and women, old and young, all joined in the battle. 3. We worked neither for fame nor for personal gain. 4. We should strike while the iron is hot.

5. I shall stay here until I've completed my studies. 六、翻译下列句子或短语，从文化角度增补词语。

1. You might have the genius of Li Bai or Du Fu, who was a great poet in the Tang

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