2012年英语高考试题答案及解析-天津

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）

英 语

本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，共130分，考试时间100分钟，第Ⅰ卷1页至10页，第Ⅱ卷11页至12页。

第Ⅰ卷

注意事项：

1、每小题选出答案后，用铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

2、本卷共55小题，共95分

第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）

第一节：单项填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）

从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

01. ---Can I have a day off tomorrow, Mr. Johnson?

---__________. I can manage without you.

A. Forget it B. I’m afraid not C. It depends D. Of

course

02. The letters for the boss___________ on his desk but he didn’t read them until three later.

A. were put B. was put C. put

D. has put

03. You were working too hard. You’d better keep a ________between work and relaxation.

A. promise B. lead C. balance

D. diary

04. The dog may be a good companion for the old. _______, the need to take it for walks may be a

disadvantage.

A. Besides. B. However C. Therefore

D. Instead.

05. ---You have to believe in yourself. No one else will, if you don’t.

---__________. Confidence is really important.

A. It’s not my cup of tea B. That’s not the point C. I don’t think so

couldn’

t agree more D. I

06. Only after Mary read her composition the second time_________ the spelling mistake.

A. did she notice B. she noticed C. does she notice D. she has

noticed

07. I wish to thank Professor Smith, without_______help I would never have got this far.

A. who B. whose C. whom

D. which

08. It’s quite warm here; we __________turn the heating on yet.

A. couldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t

wouldn’

t D.

09. It doesn’t matter _________you turn right or left at the crossing ---both roads lead to the park.

A. whether B. how C. if

D.when

10. The secretary arranged a(n)___________time and space for the applicants to have an interview.

A. important B. spare C. public D.

convenient

11. He got up late and hurried to his office, _________the breakfast untouched.

A. left B. to leave C. leaving

left

12. The three of us___________around Europe for about a month last summer.

A. travelled B. have travelled C. had travelled

13. Parents and children should communicate more to ________the gap between them so that they can understand

each other better.

A. open B. narrow C. widen

D. leave D. travel D. having

14. Everything was placed exactly ___________he wanted it for the graduation ceremony.

A. while B. when C. where

D. though

15. We wouldn’t have called a taxi yesterday if Harold __________us a ride home.

A. didn’t offer B. wouldn’t offer C. hasn’t offered

offered D. hadn’t

第二节：完形填空（共20小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16～35各题所给出的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

I fell in love with Yosemite National Park the first time I saw it, when I was 13. My parents took us there for camping. On the way out, I asked them to wait while I ran up to E1 Capitan, a ___16___ rock of 3,300 feet straight up. I touched that giant rock and knew ___17___ I wanted to climb it. That has been my life’s passion (钟爱) ever since--- ___18___ the rocks and mountains of Yosemite. I’ve long made Yosemite my ___19___.

About 15 years ago I started seeing a lot of ___20___, like toilet paper, beer cans, and empty boxes, around the area. It’s ___21___ me why visitors started respecting the place ___22___ and treated such a beautiful home-like place this way.

I tried ___23___ trash(垃圾)myself, but the job was too big. I would ___24___an hour or two on the job, only to find the area trashed all over again weeks later. Finally, I got so ___25__ it that I decided something had to change.

As a rock-climbing guide, I knew ___26___about organizing any big event. But in 2004, together with some climbers, I set a date for a ___27___. On that day, more than 300 people ___28___. Over three days we collected about 6,000 pounds of trash. It was amazing how much we were able to ___29___. I couldn’t believe the ___30___ we made ---the park looked clean!

Each year volunteers come for the cleanup from everywhere. In 2007 alone, 2,945 people picked up 42,330 pounds of trash and ___31___ 132 miles of roadway.

I often hear people ___32___ about their surroundings. If you are one of them, I would say the only way to change things is by ___33___ rather than complaining. We need to teach by ___34___. You can’t blame others ___35___ you start with yourself.

16. A. distant B. huge C. narrow D. loose

17. A. immediately B. finally C. gradually D. recently

18. A. imagining B. painting C. describing D. climbing

19. A. garden B. home C. lab D. palace

20. A. material B. resources C. waste D. goods

21. A. beyond B. against C. over D. within

22. A. more B. most C. less D. least

23. A. throwing away B. picking up C. breaking down D.digging out

24. A. kill B. save C. wait D. spend

25. A. satisfied with B. delighted in C. tired of D. used to

26. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing

27. A. cleanup B. party C. picnic D. concert

28. A. dropped out B. showed up C. looked around D.called back

29. A. demand B. receive C. accomplish D. overcome

30. A. plan B. visit C. contact D. difference

31. A. crossed B. measured C. covered D. designed

32. A. talk B. complain C. argue D. quarrel

33. A. doing B. thinking C. questioning D. watching

34. A. method B. explanation C. example D. research

35. A. although B. if C. when D. useless

第二部分： 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

Bicycle Safety

Operation Always ride your bike in a safe, controlled manner on campus(校园). Obey rules and regulations. Watch out for walkers and other bicyclists, and always use your lights in dark conditions.

Theft Prevention Always securely lock your bicycle to a bicycle rack---even if you are only away for a minute. Register your bike with the University Department of Public Safety. It’s fast, easy, and free. Registration permanently records your serial number, which is useful in the possible recovery of the bike stolen.

Equipment

Brakes Make sure that they are in good working order and adjusted properly.

Helmet A necessity, make sure your helmet meets current safety standards and fit

properly.

Lights Always have a front headlight---visible at least 500 feet in front of the bike. A

taillight is a

good idea.

Rules of the Road

Riding on Campus As a bicycle rider, you have a responsibility to ride only on streets and posted bicycle paths. Riding on sidewalks or other walkways can lead to a fine. The speed limit for bicycles on campus is 15mph, unless otherwise posted. Always give the right of ways to walkers. If you are involved in an accident, you are required to offer appropriate aid, call the Department of Public Safety and remain at the scene until the officer lets you go.

Bicycle Parking Only park in areas reserved for bikes. Trees, handrails, hallways, and sign posts are not for bicycle parking, and parking in such posts can result in a fine.

If Things Go Wrong

If you break the rules, you will be fined. Besides violating rules while riding bicycles on campus,

you could be fined for:

No bicycle registration---------------------------------------------------$25 Bicycle parking banned--------------------------------------------------$30 Blocking path with bicycle ---------------------------------------------$40

Violation of bicycle equipment requirement -------------------------$35

36. Registration of your bicycle may help you _____________.

A. find y our stolen bicycle B. get your serial number

C. receive free repair services D. settle conflicts with walkers

37. According to the passage, what bike equipment is a free choice for bicycle riders?

A. Brakes. B. A helmet. C. A headlight. D.A taillight.

38. When you ride a bicycle on the campus, ___________.

A. ride on posted bicycle paths and sidewalks

B. cycle at a speed of over 15 mph

C. put the walkers’ right of way first

D. call the police before leaving in a case of accident

39. If you lock your bicycle to a tree on the campus, you could be fined _________.

A. $25 B. $30 C. $35 D. $40

40. What is the passage mainly about?

A. A guide for safe bicycling on campus. B. Directions for bicycle tour on campus.

C. Regulations of bicycle race on campus. D. Rules for riding motor vehicles on campus.

B

Barditch High School decided to an All-School Reunion. Over 450 people came to the event. There were tours of the old school building and a picnic at Confederate Park. Several former teachers were on hands to tell stories about the old days. Ms. Mabel Yates, the English teacher for fifty years, was wheeled to the Park.

Some eyes rolled and there were a few low groans(嘟囔声)when Ms.Yates was about to speak. Many started looking at their watches and coming up with excuses to be anywhere instead of preparing to listen to a lecture from and old woman who had few kind words for her students and made them work harder than all the other teachers combined.

Then Ms. Yates started to speak:

“I can’t tell you how pleased I am to be here. I haven’t seen many of you since your graduation, but I have followed your careers and enjoyed your victories as well as crying for your tragedies. I have a large collection of newspaper photographs of my students. Although I haven’t appeared in person, I have attended your college graduations, weddings and even the birth your children, in my imagination.”

Ms. Yates paused and started crying a bit. Then she continued:

“It was my belief that if I pushed you as hard as I could, some of you would succeed to please me and others would succeed to annoy me. Regardless of our motives, I can see that you have all been successful in you chosen path.”

“There is no greater comfort for an educator than to see the end result of his or her years of work. You have all been a great source of pleasure and pride for me and I want you to know I love you all from the bottom of my heart.”

There was a silence over the crowd for a few seconds and then someone started clapping. Tee clapping turned into cheering, then into a deafening roar(呼喊). Lawyers, truck drivers, bankers and models were rubbing their eyes or crying openly with no shame all because of the words from a long forgotten English teacher from their hometown.

41. What activity was organized for the school reunion?

A. Sightseeing in the park. B. A picnic on the school playground.

C. Telling stories about past events. D. Graduates’ reports in the old building.

42. What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?

A. Some graduates were too busy to listen to Ms. Yates’ speech.

B. Many graduates disliked Ms. Yates’ ways of teaching.

C. Some people got tired from the reunion activities.

D. Most people had little interest in the reunion.

43. We can learn from Ms. Yates’ speech that she _____________.

A. kept track of her students’ progress B. gave her students advice on their careers

C. attended her students’ college graduationsD. went to her students’ wedding ceremonies

44. What was Ms.Yates’ belief in teaching teenagers?

A. Teachers’ knowledge is the key to students’ achievements.

B. Pressure on students from teachers should be reduced.

C. Hard-pushed students are more likely to succeed.

D. Students’ respect is the best reward for teachers.

45. Which of the following can best describe Ms. Yates?

A. Reliable and devoted. B. Tough and generous.

C. Proud but patient.

D. Strict but caring.

C

The practice of students endlessly copying letters and sentences from a blackboard is a thing of the past. With the coming of new technologies like computers and smartphone, writing by hand has become something of nostalgic (怀旧的)skill. However, while today’s educators are using more and more technology in their teaching, many believe basic handwriting skills are still necessary for students to be successful---both in school and in life.

Virginia Berninger, professor of educational psychology at the University of Washington, says it’s important to continue teaching handwriting and help children acquire the skill of writing by hand.

Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks---both on a computer and by hand. The study, published in 2009, found that when writing with a pen and paper, participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate.

In a more recent study, Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student’s writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to know well they can write. “Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active which helps us access our vocabulary, word meaning and

concepts. It is allowing our written language to connect with ideas.” Berninger said.

Spelling helps students translate ideas into words in their mind first and then to transcribe(转换) “those words in the mind written symbols on paper or keyboard and screen,” the study said. Seeing the words in the “mind’s eye” helps children not only to turn their ideas into words, says Berninger, but also to spot(发现) spelling mistakes when they write the words down and to correct then over time.

“In our computer age, some people believe that we don’t have to teach spelling because we have spell checks,” she said. “But until a child has a functional spelling ability of about a fifth grade level, they won’t have the knowledge to choose the correct spelling among the options given by the computer.”

46. What makes writing by hand a thing of the past?

A. The absence of blackboard in classroom. B. The use of new technologies in teaching.

C. The lack of practice in handwriting. D. The popular use of smartphones.

47. Berninger’s study published in 2009 ___________.

A. focused on the difference between writing by hand and on a computer.

B. indicated that students prefer to write with a pen and paper.

C. found that good essays are made up of long sentences.

D. discussed the importance of writing speed.

48. Which of the following best shows the role of spelling?

A. Spelling improves one’s memory of words.

B. Spelling ability is closely related to writing ability.

C. Spelling benefits the translation from words into ideas.

D. Spelling slows down finding exact words to express ideas.

49. What does “mind’s eye” in paragraph 5 mean?

A. Window. B. Soul C. Picture. D. Imagination.

50. What conclusion could be drawn from the passage?

A. Computers can help people with their choice of words.

B. Spell checks can take the place of spelling teaching.

C. Handwriting still has a place in today’s classrooms.

D. Functional spelling ability develops fast in the fifth grade.

D

You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or creator. When you choose to be a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. “They” did things to you which caused all of your

pain and suffering. “They” are wrong and bad, and life is terrible as long as “they” are around. Or you may blame yourself for all your problems, thus internalizing(内化)your victimization. The truth is, your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others.

Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently. They know there are individuals who might like to control their lives, but they don’t let this get in the way. They know they have their weaknesses, yet they don’t blame themselves when they fail. Whatever happens, they have choice in the matter. They believe their dance with each sacred(神圣的)moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth.

Victims and creators live in the same physical world and deal with many of the same physical realities, yet their experience of life is worlds apart. Victims relish (沉溺)in anger, guilt, and other emotions that cause others---and even themselves---to feel like victims, too. Creators consciously choose love, inspiration, and other qualities which inspire not only themselves, but all around them. Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives.

In reality, all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives. One person, on losing a job or a special relationship, may feel as if it is the end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months, years, or even a lifetime. Another with the same experience may choose to first experience the grief, then accept the loss and soon move on to be a powerful creative force in his life.

In every moment and every circumstance, you can choose to have fuller, richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are.

51. What does the word “they” in Paragraph 1 probably refer to?

A. People and things around you. B. Opportunities and problems.

C. Creators and their choices. D. Victims and their sufferings.

52. According to Paragraph 2, creators __________.

A. seem willing to experience failures in life B. possess the ability to predict future life

C. handle ups and downs of life wisely D. have potential to create something new

53. What can we learn from Paragraph 3?

A. Creators and victims face quite different things in life.

B. Creators and victims are masters of their lives.

C. Victims can influence more people than creators.

D. Compared with victims, creators are more emotional.

54. The examples mentioned in Paragraph 4 show that _______________.

A. strong attachment to sufferings in life pulls people into victims.

B. people need family support to deal with challengers in life.

C. it takes creators quite a long time to get rid of their pains.

D. one’s experiences determine his attitude toward life.

55. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?

A. To define victims and creators.

B. To evaluate victims against creators.

C. To explain the relationship between victims and creators.

D. To suggest the transformation from victims to creators.

绝密 ★ 使用前

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）

英语 笔试

第Ⅱ卷

注意事项：

1.用黑色墨水的钢笔或签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。

2.本卷共6小题，共35分。

第三部分： 写作

第一节：阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

Born in 1949, Diana Nyad took an early interest in swimming as a sport and was a Florida State High School swimming champion. Like many young athletes, she had Olympic dreams, but a serious illness kept her from competing in the Games. The disappointment didn’t stop her from going forward. Instead, she became interested in marathon swimming. A brilliant athlete, she was well-conditioned for spending long periods of time in the water. As a long-distance swimmer, she would compete against herself and the presented by distance, danger, cold, and exhaustion.

For ten years Nyad devoted herself to becoming one of the world’s best long-distance swimmers. In 1970, she swam a ten-mile marathon in Lake Ontario, setting the women’s record for the course. In 1972 she set another record by swimming 102.5 miles from an island in the Bahamas to the coast of Florida. Then she broke a third record when swimming around Manhattan Island in 1975.

Nyad attempted to swim the distance between Florida and Cuba in 1978. Though the span of water is less than 100 miles wide, it is rough and dangerous. After battling the water for two days, she had to give for the sake of her own health and safety. Even so, she impressed the world with her courage and strong desire to succeed. For Nyad her strength of purpose was just as important as reading Cuba. That is how she defined success. It did not matter that her swim came up short; she believed she had touched the other shore.

When Nyad ended her career as a swimmer, she continued to try new things---travelling the world as a reporter, writing books and giving public speeches about her life. Diana Nyad works to inspire others, just as she did when she swam the waters of the world.

56. What prevented Nyad from taking part in the Olympic Games? (No more than 5 words)

__________________________________________________________________________

57. What does the underlined word “obstacles” mean? (1 word)

___________________________________________________________________________

58. What achievement did Nyad make in 1970? (No more than 10 words.)

________________________________________________________________________________

59. Why did Nyad believe that she had touched the other shore? (No more than 10 words)

___________________________________________________________________________

60. Please explain how you are inspired by Nyad. (No more than 20 words)

_______________________________________________________________________________

解析（略）

56. A serious illness (did).

57. Difficulties/Problems/Troubles/Challenges.

58. She swam a ten-mile marathon and set women’s record.

Or: She swam a ten-mile marathon, setting the women’s record.

Or: She set the women’s record for a ten-mile marathon swimming.

59. Because she had tried her best (to fulfill the task).

Or: Her strength of purpose was as important as reaching Cuba.

60. I am encouraged by her determination and strong will.

Or: I am inspired by her courage and strong desire to succeed.

Or: From her I learned that once we set a goal, we should try hard to achieve it.

Or: We should never give up in the face of difficulty/failure.

Or: We should never stop trying new things and we may achieve success in different fields.

第二节：书面表达（满分25分）

61. 假设你是李津，你的美国朋友Chris就读于天津某国际学校。他熟悉中国文化，特别是戏曲文化。8月5日下午2：00在新落成的天津大剧院将上演越剧《梁山伯与祝英台》。请你根据以下提示，用英语给Chris写一封电子邮件，邀请他一起观看演出。

*提出邀请并简述原因；

*提出观剧后活动建议（如参观附近的博物馆或美术馆等）

*请求对方回复

注意：

1.请使用规范英语，词数不少于100；

2.可适当加入细节，以使内容充实、行文连贯；

3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

参考词汇：

越剧：Shaoxing Opera 《梁山伯与祝英台》 Butterfly Lovers

天津大剧院Tianjin Grand Theater

Dear Chris,

I have good news to tell you.___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours, Li Jin

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