2017徐汇区上海中学高三上学期10月周测试卷

上海中学高三周考（20171017）

II. Grammar (10’)

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

A great deal of attention (1)_________ (pay) today to the so-called digital divide--the division of the world into the info(information) rich and the info poor at present. And that divide does exist today.My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was(2)_______ (visible) then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.

There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. (3)______ the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access-after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet (4)_______(net) together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow (5)______ ______widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet(6)______well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we've ever had.

Of course, the use of the Internet isn't the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.

(7)_________(take)advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries(8)________ still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure(the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United States built(9)________industrial infrastructure, it didn't have the capital to do so. And that is(10)_______ America's Second Wave infrastructure- including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on-were built with foreign investment.

【答案】1.is being paid 2.less visible 3.As 4.will be netted 5.rather than 6.may 7.To take 8. that 9.its 10.why 【分析】

(1).分析可知，此处应为被动语态，‖today‖提示为现在进行时。 (2).形容词改为比较级。 (3).As引导原因状语从句。

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(4).分析可知，此处应为被动语态，‖ Within the next decade or two‖提示为将来时。 (5).分析可知，表示转折，因此填‖ rather than‖。 (6).分析可知，填情态动词。

(7).分析可知，应为非谓语，做目的状语。 (8).分析可知，定语从句。 (9).分析可知，代词。

(10).分析可知，表语从句，表原因。

III. Vocabulary (10’)

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Do note that there is one word more than you need. A. sympathy E. serve I. obligation

I’m a 50-something male, the father of two mostly grown girls. I’m happy to say that both my parents are still kicking. I’m on good1 with my brothers and sisters most of the time. I am blessed with good friends and other relations, and tend to get on well with my co-workers. I am fortunate in so many ways, but feel like I consistently disappoint everyone I know.

I cannot, for the life of me, give a genuine 2 . It simply doesn’t come naturally. When I try, and I do, in order to maintain all the relationships, it feels forced, more a matter of 3than a gift that might put wind in the sails of someone I truly care for. I feel strongly that giving should spring from joy, or at least from a 4 desire to see the recipient enlivened by it. When I have nothing to offer in response to a job well done, everyone loses. I feel like I’ve twisted the emotional and social development of my children, alienated (疏远) any number of perfectly wonderful lovers, and generally kept the world at arm’s length.

After years of psychotherapy and the obsessive (强迫症) self-examination common to my generation, I believe I know where this meanness of spirit comes from. Six kids in total, at a very tender age, there were five younger, cuter kids standing between me and the object of our 5 . Mama was driven to 6 , to put it mildly, by the demands placed on her, but it was the 1950s and she set a selfless and hardy example. I had complete 7 for her difficult situation, even at the time. The fact remains, however, that, as a young child, I needed more than I got. I 8 for my mother’s attention. I needed to know that she 9 me as more than her helper, her strong little man. I clearly recall, at the ripe old age of 7, coming to the conclusion that I would never get it. \

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B. heartfelt F. compliment j. devoted C. valued G. distraction K. affection D. terms H. thirsted

reckoned, \

You can imagine the sibling rivalry in a big family. Eventually I took haven in the written word to get away from it. But even before I learned to read, I had realized that giving any sign of approval or encouragement to my brothers and sisters could only 10 to increase the gulf between me and my mom. Does that make sense? I can rationalize otherwise, of course, and now we’re all \gracious and giving, but when I even think to reach into that purse, however, it’s pretty much empty.

答案D F I B KG A H C E

解析：

(1).分析可知，填名词，根据句意，填D，表达，说辞。

(2).根据句意，填名词，根据上下文，我相处不好人际关系，不能给予表扬，所以选F。 (3).分析可知，填名词，填I，强迫。

(4).分析可知，填形容词，所以选B，真心的。 (5).分析可知，填名词，所以选K，喜爱。

(6).分析可知，填名词，根据句意，填心烦意乱，所以选G (7).分析可知，填名词，根据句意，填A，同情心。 (8).根据分析，填动词，根据句意，填渴望，所以选H。

(9).根据分析，填动词，所以选C，评价。

(10).根据分析，填动词，所以选E，提供…服务，这里有导致的意思。

IV. Cloze (15’)

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

A true story of retirement planning is that your future is riding on the quality of your assumptions. Humble __1__ can be dangerous.

For example, eight years into this bull market expecting stocks to deliver as-strong returns over the next decade is an uncertain proposition many are nonetheless __2__.

Another potential __3__ assumption is that you will be able to keep working past 65. Yet the recently released 2017 Retirement Confidence Survey by the nonpartisan Employee Benefit Research Institute finds that more than half of workers say they expect to still be on the clock past age 65. By __4__, less than 15 percent of

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today’s retirees kept working that long.

―If you plan on working longer as a way to get by in retirement, you are going to be in trouble,‖ says Craig Copeland, senior research associate at EBRI. ―It should be a complement to a solid savings and spending plan, not the __5__.‖

It’s simply too __6__ to assume you will indeed be able to work longer. A survey by the Transamerica Center for Retirement Studies found that nearly two-thirds of retirees left the workforce earlier than expected because they were laid off, reorganized out of a position, or due to general unhappiness with a job. Only 16 percent of retirees who __7__ the work force earlier than they expected did so because they felt they could __8__ afford to.

__9__, a new report from Prudential puts a dollar value on why your current employer may not be inclined （倾向于）to do back flips to keep an older you happy and engaged. The estimated one-year cost to a firm when an employee __10__ retirement: $50,000.

Prudential estimates that on a company-wide level, delayed retirement can __11__ overall workforce costs by 1 percent to 1.5 percent. That’s not nothing. And it goes a long way in explaining why employers may be more inclined to focus on ―financial wellness‖ strategies to get workers ready to retire __12__ than programs to help workers delay retirement.

Fewer than one-third of employees surveyed by TCRS report their employer has some sort of ―transition‖ program such as flexible work schedules, reduced hours or __13__ to a different role.

―Workers’ vision of retirement is changing faster than employers’ business __14__,‖ said Catherine Collinson, president of TCRS. That makes it ever more crucial for pre-retirees to take the steps today that will increase that __15__ they can continue to work longer, if that’s part of the plan. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

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A. pessimism A. relying on A. reliable A. contrary A. foundation A. ridiculous A. extended

B. optimism B. casting on B. possible B. compromise B. basement B. sensible B. exited

C. concern C. accounting on C. flawed C. compliment C. founding C. risky C. existed C. financially C. Nevertheless

D. consideration D. falling on D. unlikely D. contrast D. construction D. logical D. remained D. physically D. Moreover

A. economically B. mentally A. However

B. Therefore

10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

A. delays A. decrease A. later A. shifting A. deals A. abilities

B. expects B. influence B. sooner B. altering B. practices B. capabilities

C. gets C. increase C. faster C. ranging C. customs C. chances

D. decides D. transform D. slower D. functioning D. operations D. outputs

【答案】1-5 BACDA 6-10 CBCDA 11-15 CBABC 解析：

（1）：从下文举例可知，员工们对自己对自己退休年龄都假设到很晚，觉得自己可以工作到65岁，而事实是都会提前退休，所以这题是B optimism 乐观

（2）前面是不确定已经表示反义，所以后边定语从句应该是正义，A 指望加起来还是反义 （3）另外一个什么样的假设肯定是不太好的形容词 C 有瑕疵的 （4）现实和假设的相反 By contrast 固定搭配

（5）A 基础 B 地下室 C创办 D 建造应当把工作更长时间看作是积蓄的补足而不是基础 （6）假设自己肯定会在会工作更长时间这件事是怎么样的和第一段呼应：risky 冒险的

（7）（8）因为他们认为自己经济能力够，所以这一小部分人会比他们想的更早时间离开工作地方 （9）上下文递进所以是moreover

（10）如果一个员工推迟工作一年公司将损失这么多钱 delay 联系下文对delayed employees的分析 （11）1到4是代价增加

（12）很明显公司进行这个策略让这些员工更早退休 （13）这些转变包括时间减少，工作角色的转换（shift)

（14）员工对于退休的看法比老板的经营方式要快practice做名词有做法、习惯做法的意思固定搭配 （15）提高他们能够工作更长时间的机会

V. Reading Comprehension Section A

Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

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(A)

The Paris climate agreement finalised in December last year heralded(预示着…的到来) a new era for climate action. For the first time, the world’s nations agreed to keep global warming well below 2℃.

This is vital for climate-vulnerable nations. Fewer than 4% of countries are responsible for more than half of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. In a study published in Nature Scientific Reports, we reveal just how deep this injustice runs.

Developed nations such as Australia, the United States, Canada, and European countries are essentially climate ―free-riders‖: causing the majority of the problems through high greenhouse gas emissions, while incurring(招致) few of the costs such as climate change’s impact on food and water. In other words, a few countries are benefiting enormously from the consumption of fossil fuels, while at the same time contributing disproportionately to the global burden of climate change.

On the flip side, there are many ― forced riders‖, who are suffering from the climate change impacts despite having scarcely contributed to the problem. Many of the world’s most climate- vulnerable countries, the majority of which are African or small island states, produce a very small quantity of emissions. This is much like a non-smoker getting cancer from second-hand smoke, while the heavy smoker is fortunate enough to smoke in good health.

The Paris agreement has been widely hailed as a positive step forward in addressing climate change for all, although the details on addressing ―climate justice‖ can be best described as sketchy.

The goal of keeping global temperature rise ―well below‖ 2 degree is commendable(值得称赞的) but the emissions- reduction pledges submitted by countries leading up to the Paris talks are very unlikely to deliver on this.

More than $100 billion in funding has been put on the table for supporting developing nations to reduce emissions. However, the agreement specifies that there is no formal distinction between developed and developing nations in their responsibility to cut emissions, effectively ignoring historical emissions. There is also very little detail on who will provide the funds or, importantly, who is responsible for their provision. Securing these funds, and establishing who is responsible for raising them will also be vital for the future of climate-vulnerable countries.

The most climate-vulnerable countries in the world have contributed very little to creating the global disease from which they now suffer the most. There must urgently be a meaningful mobilization(组织，动员) of the policies outlined in the agreement if we are to achieve national emissions reductions while helping the most

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vulnerable countries adapt to climate change.

And it is clearly up to the current generation of leaders from high-emitting nations to decide whether they want to be remembered as climate change tyrants or pioneers.

1. The author is critical of the Paris climate agreement because . A) it is unfair to those climate-vulnerable nations B) it aims to keep temperature rise below only C) it is beneficial to only fewer than 4% of countries D) it burdens developed countries with the sole responsibility

2. Why does the author compare the ―forced riders‖ to second-hand smokers? A) They have little responsibility for public health problems. B) They are easily affected by unhealthy environmental conditions. C) They have to bear consequences they are not responsible for. D) They are unaware of the potential risks they are facing. 3. What does the author say about the $ 100 billion funding? A) It will motivate all nations to reduce carbon emissions. B) There is no final agreement on where it will come from. C) There is no explanation of how the money will be spent. D) It will effectively reduce greenhouse emissions worldwide.

4. What urgent action must be taken to realize the Paris climate agreement? A) Encouraging developing nations to take the initiative. B) Calling on all the nations concerned to make joint efforts. C) Pushing the current world leaders to reach agreement. D) Putting in effect the policies in the agreement at once.

【答案】1. A 2.C 3.B 4. D 【分析】

这篇阅读试题分析：本文讲述的是巴黎气候会议提出控制全球气温变化，提出让发展中国家为此“买单”，作者对此提出了质疑，且指出了其不足之处。

(1). 细节题。根据文章第二段Fewer than 4% of countries are responsible for more than half of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. In a study published in Nature Scientific Reports, we reveal just how deep this injustice runs.可知，故A正确。

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(2). 推理题。根据文章第四段Many of the world’s most climate- vulnerable countries, the majority of which are African or small island states, produce a very small quantity of emissions.可知。故C正确。

(3). 细节题。根据文章第七段There is also very little detail on who will provide the funds or, importantly, who is responsible for their provision.故B正确。

(4).细节题。根据文章倒数第二段，There must urgently be a meaningful mobilization(组织，动员) of the policies outlined in the agreement if we are to achieve national emissions reductions while helping the most vulnerable countries adapt to climate change.可知。D正确。

(B)

With the coming of big data age, data science is supposed to be starved for, of which the adaption can point a profound change in corporate competitiveness. Companies, both born in digital era and traditional world are showing off their skills in data science. Therefore, it seems to have been creating a great demand for the experts of this type.

Mr Carlos Guestrin, machine learning professor from university of Washington argues that all software applications will need inbuilt intelligence within five years, making data scientists – people trained to analyze large bodies of information – key workers in this emerging ―cognitive‖ technology economy. There are already critical applications that depend on machine learning, a subfield of data science, led by recommendation programs, fraud detection system, forecasting tools and applications for predicting customer behavior.

Many companies that born digital – particularly internet companies that have a great number of real-time customer interactions to handle – are all-in when it comes to data science. Pinterest, for intense, maintains more than 100 machine learning models that could be applied to different classed of problems, and it constantly fields requests from managers eager to use this resource to deal with their business problem.

The most important factor weighing on many traditional companies will be the high cost of launching a serious machine-learning operation. Netflix is estimated to spend $150m a year on a single application and the total bill is probably four times that once all its uses of the technology are taken into account.

Anotherproblem for many non-technology companies is talent. Of the computer science experts who use

Kaggle, only about 1,000 have deep learning skills, compared to 100,000 who can apply other machine learning

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techniques, says MrGoldbloom. He adds that even some big companies of this type are often reluctant to expand their pay scales to hire the top talent in this field.

A third barrier to adapting to the coming era of ―smart‖ applications, however, is likely to be cultural. Some

companies, such as General Electric, have been building their own Silicon Valley presence to attract and develop the digital skills they will need.

Despite the obstacles, some may master this difficult transition. But companies that were built, from the

beginning, with data science at their center, are likely to represent serious competition. 1. What cannot be inferred from the passage about the machine learning? A. Machine learning operations are costly in Netflix.

B. Machine learning plays an important role in existent applications.

C. Machine learning experts are not highly paid in some non-technology companies. D. Machine learning models are not sufficient to solve business problems in Pinterest. 2. The underlined word in the 3rd paragraph ―fields‖ most probably means ____. A. avoids

B. creates

C. solves

D. classifies.

3. Which one is the biggest obstacle for many traditional companies to begin a machine-learning operation? A. High cost

B. Expert crisis.

C. Technological problems

【答案】D CA 【分析】

D. Customer interactions.

(1). 推断题。根据文中的Pinterest, for intense, maintains more than 100 machine learning models that could be applied to different classed of problems, and it constantly fields requests from managers eager to use this resource to deal with their business problem，不能判断出选项D是正确的，故选D.

(2). 词汇题。根据第三段maintains more than 100 machine learning models that could be applied to different classed of problems，答案为C，解决。

(3). 细节题。根据文章第四段中的The most important factor weighing on many traditional companies will be the high cost of launching a serious machine-learning operation.故答案为A。

(C)

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Dr. Donald Sadoway at MIT started his own battery company with the hope of changing the world’s energy future. It’s a dramatic endorsement for a technology most people think about only when their smartphone goes dark. But Sadoway isn’t alone in boasting energy storage as a missing link to a cleaner, more efficient, and more equitable energy future.

Scientists and engineers have long believed in the promise of batteries to change the world. Advanced batteries are moving out of specialized markets and creeping into the mainstream, signaling a tipping point for forward-looking technologies such as electric cars and rooftop solar panels.

The ubiquitous （无所不在的）battery has already come a long way, of course. For better or worse, batteries make possible our mobile-first lifestyles, our screen culture, our increasingly globalized world. Still, as impressive as all this is, it may be trivial compared with what comes next. Having already enabled a communications revolution, the battery is now poised to transform just about everything else.

The wireless age is expanding to include not just our phones, tablets, and laptops, but also our cars, homes, and even whole communities. In emerging economies, rural communities are bypassing the wires and wooden poles that spread power. Instead, some in Africa and Asia are seeing their first lightbulbs illuminated by the power of sunlight stored in batteries.

Today, energy storage is a $33 billion global industry that generates nearly 100 gigawatt-hours of electricity per year. By the end of the decade, it’s expected to be worth over $50 billion and generate 160 gigawatt-hours, enough to attract the attention of major companies that might not otherwise be interested in a decidedly pedestrian technology. Even utility companies, which have long viewed batteries and alternative forms of energy as a threat, are learning to embrace the technologies as enabling rather than disrupting.

Today’s battery breakthroughs come as the world looks to expand modern energy access to the billion or so people without it, while also cutting back on fuels that warm the planet. Those simultaneous challenges appear less overwhelming with increasingly better answers to a centuries-old question: how to make power portable.

To be sure, the battery still has a long way to go before the nightly recharge completely replaces the weekly trip to the gas station. A battery-powered world comes with its own risks, too. What happens to the centralized electric grid, which took decades and billions of dollars to build, as more and more people become ―prosumers,‖ who produce and consume their own energy on site?

No one knows which—if any—battery technology will ultimately dominate, but one thing remains clear. The future of energy is in how we store it.

1. What does Dr. Sadoway think of energy storage?

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