初中英语语法口诀大全与解题技巧

初中英语语法金口诀与解题技巧 1

作者单位：贵州省普安县第二中学

作者姓名：陈高平

电话：13595965276

邮编：561500

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第一部分 语法篇

第一章 代词

一、 代词的分类

代词是指用来代替名词以及起名词作用的短语或句子的词称为代词。在英语中，代词主要分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词和关系代词。 二、 人称代词

口诀：人称代词主宾格，作用不同莫用错； 主格动前作主语，动介之后是宾格； You和it主宾同， 其他主宾要分清； 人称代词并列现，尊重他人是习惯；

单数人称二、三、一，复数人称一、二、三； 若把错误来承担，第一人称我靠前。 口诀释义：

1、人称代词主宾格，作用不同莫用错； 主格动前作主语，动介之后是宾格

人称代词分为主格和宾格，他们在句子中所起的作用不同，主格用于动词的前面，充当句子的主语，宾格在句子中作动词或介词的宾语。

如：They come from France . 他们来自法国。

We both work in Shenzhen .我们俩都在深圳工作。 Mr Liu teaches them English. 刘老师教他们英语。 What are you doing ? 你在干什么？ I am waiting for him . 我在等他。 2、You和it主宾同， 其他主宾要分清

You 和it的主格与宾格是相同的，其他人称代词的主格和宾格不同，需要单独牢记。 现将人称代词的主格和宾格列表如下： 主格 一 I 单数 二 you 三 he she it him her it 一 we 复数 二 you 三 they 宾格 me you us you them 3、 人称代词并列现，尊重他人是习惯；

单数人称二、三、一，复数人称一、二、三

当几个并列的人称代词作主语时，他们排列的顺序是：单数形式（二、三、一）you, he(she), and I； 复数形式（一、二、三）we, you and they 。

如： You, she and I will be sent there by air . 我、你、她将被飞机送往那儿。

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We, you and they all enjoy music.我们、你们和他们都喜欢音乐。

4、若把错误来承担，第一人称我靠前

如果是做错了事，当事人应承担责任时，应把第一人称I放在句首。 如：Who broke the window ? 谁打破了窗子?

I and Mike did . 我和迈克。

三、物主代词

口诀：物主代词分两种，形容词性名词性； 形容词性能力差，自己从来不当家； 句子当中作定语，身后定把名词加； 物主代词名词性，相当名词可单用； 句中充当主宾表，身后没有名词影； 两种代词形不同，添个S形变名； His，its不用变，my和mine要记清。

口诀释义：1、物主代词分两种，形容词性名词性； 形容词性能力差，自己从来不当家； 句子当中作定语，身后定把名词加

物主代词是用来表示所属关系的，也称为代词所有格，可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词在用法上相当于形容词，不能单独使用，通常放在名词前面作定语。 如：This is her pencil-box , and that is your pencil-box . 这是她的铅笔盒，那是你的铅笔盒。 2、物主代词名词性，相当名词可单用； 句中充当主宾表，身后没有名词影

名词性物主代词名词的特征，可以单独使用，在句子中可充当主语、宾语和表语。相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。

如：Our school is big , and theirs is small. 我们的学校大，而他们的学校小。（作主语）

You needn‘t clean my room because my room is clean . Clean yours . 你不必打扫我的房间，因为我的房间很干净。打扫你的吧。

3、两种代词形不同，添个S形变名； his，its不用变，my和mine要记清

一般来说，名词性物主代词是由形容词性物主代词加S构成的，但是，his和its这两个不用变，第一人称my的名词性物主代词是mine。见下表： 形容词性物主代词 my your her his its hers his its our your their 一 二 三 一 二 三 单数 复数 名词性物主代词 mine yours ours yours theirs 一、 反身代词 口诀一：主宾同一人，宾语用反身； 动词介词后，多数用作宾。

口诀二：反身代词要记清，后面self（selves）记分明； 一二人称用形代，第三人称宾格清。

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口诀释义：1、主宾同一人，宾语用反身

在一个句子中，如果主语发出的动作又回到主语的身上，这时，句子的宾语就要用反身代词。 如：We really enjoyed ourselves at the party last weekend . 在上周末的晚会上我们确实玩得很开心。

2、 动词介词后，多数用作宾

在多数情况下反身代词常用于动词或介词的后面，作动词或介词的宾语。 如：She teaches herself English when she is free. 她空闲时就自学英语。（作动词的宾语）

You will have to look after yourself while I‘m away . 我不在时，你得自己照顾自己。（作介词的宾语） 注：除了作宾语外，反身代词还可以作同位语和表语。 如：I myself did it . 这件事是我亲自干的。（作同位语） He will be himself again soon . 他一会儿就好了。（作表语） 3、反身代词要记清，后面self（selves）记分明； 一二人称用形代，第三人称宾格清

第一、第二人称的反身代词是由相应的“形容词性物主代词+self（单数）或selves(复数)”构成；第三人称是由“人称代词的宾格+self（单数）或selves(复数)”构成。见下表： 人 称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 myself（我自己） yourself（你自己） herself（她自己） himself（他自己） itself（它自己） ourselves（我们自己） yourselves（你们自己） themselves（他们自己） 数 单数 复数 二、 疑问代词

疑问代词主要用来构成疑问句，通常位于句首，在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。常见的疑问代词有：who, whom , whose , which, what 等。因为在特殊疑问句中还有涉及这方面的内容，在此故不赘述。 三、 指示代词

口诀一：this，these靠近我，that，those远离我； this，that指单数，these，those不指单； 都可用the来代替，劝君一定别忘记。 口诀二：英国人，打电话，this常把I替下；

That’s 用来表you are，这是习惯的用法； 比较句型that代，不可单数常用它； 复数名词用those，君须记得此用法。

口诀释义：1、this，these靠近我，that，those远离我

指示代词是用来指代或标记人或事物的代词，初中常见的指示代词有this、that、these和those。This（这）、these（这些）指时间或空间上较近的人或物，而that（那）、those（那些）则用来指时间或空间上较远的人或物。

如：This is a desk and that is a table . 这是一张课桌而那是一张餐桌。

These days they work harder than before . 这些天他们工作比以前更加努力。 I can see those students crying. 我可以看到那些学生在哭。 2、this，that指单数，these，those不指单

this , that用来指代单个的人或物，these，those用来指代两个或两个以上的人或物。 如：This is a boy .这是一个男孩。These are boys . 这些是男孩。

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1、表示联合关系的并列连词：and，both?and?,neither?nor?,not only?but also?

等。

如：He is not only a teacher but also a writer. 他不但是一位教师而且是一位作家。

2、表示转折关系的并列连词：but，while（而），yet，however（然而）等。 如：We all think he is a girl. However, he is a boy. 我们都认为他是一个女孩，然而，他是一个男孩。

3、表示选择关系的并列连词：or, either?or?(要么??要么??)等。 1or连接的句子可以转换成由否定条件构成的主从复合句。 ○

如：Study hard, or you’ll fail the exam. = If you don’t study hard,you’ll fail the exam.努力学习，否则你考试就会不及格。

2either?or?连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词使用“就近原则”。 ○

Either you or he has to go.= Either he or you have to go .不是你，就是他必须得去。 三、 从属连词的用法

（一）引导状语从句的从属连词

1、 引导时间状语从句的从属连词主要有：when, while, before , after, as soon as , since 等。 1） after（在??以后）和before（在??之前）。

I went to bed after I finished my homework.我做完作业后，就去睡觉了。 I brush my teeth before I go to bed every day. 我每天睡觉前刷牙。 2）when和while

When和while都表示“当??可时候”，when引导的时间状语从句谓语动词既可以是延续性动词，也可以是瞬间性动词；while引导的时间状语从句谓语动词只能是延续性动词。

如：When we got to the station, the train had left.当我们到达车站时，火车已经离开了。 While we were talking , a stranger came in. 我们正在谈话时，一个陌生人走进来了。 3）since

意为“自从”，引导的时间状语从句多为一般过去时，主句多为一般现在时或现在完成时。 如：It’s ten years since I came here. 我来这里已经十年了。

He has been teaching since he graduated from the university. 他自从大学毕业以来就一直在教书。 4)as soon as

意为“一??就??”。

如：I’ll call you as soon as I come back. 我一回来就打电话给你。 2、 引导原因状语从句的有从属连词有：because, as , since ,for 等。

如：She didn’t go there ,because she was ill .她因为病了，所以没去那儿。 3、 引导地点状语从句的有：where，wherever等。

如：I will go with you wherever you go.无论你走到那里，我都跟着你。 4、引导条件状语从句的有：if， unless。

如：We’ll be late unless we hurry up. 除非快点，否则我们就迟到了。 5、引导目的状语从句的有：so that ,in order that 等。

如：The girl studies hard so that she can go to university. 这个女孩努力学习是为了能上大学。 6、引导结果状语从句的有：so?that, such?that等。

如：He is such a clever boy that we all like him. = He is so clever that we all like him.他如此可爱，我们都喜欢他。

7、 引导让步状语从句的有：though，although，even if等。

如：Though it is raining hard，we must go there on time.尽管雨下得很大，我们也必须按时到达。 8、 引导比较状语从句的有：as ,than, as?as ,more?than等。 如：He can run as fast as Liu Xiang.他能跑得像刘翔那样快。

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（二）引导宾语从句的从属连词 1、that引导的宾语从句

I’m glad that you’re ready to help others.你准备帮助别人，我很高兴。 2、if与whether引导的宾语从句

if与whether引导宾语从句时，意为“是否”，在一般情况下可以互换，但在以下情况中，用whether不用if。

1） 与动词不定式连用时。

如：I don’t know whether to go. 我不知道是否要走。 2） 在介词后作宾语时。

如：Everything depends on whether we have enough time.一切都取决于我们是否有足够的时间。 3） 与or not 连用时。

I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他是否会来。 （三）不能同时出现在同一个句子里的连词。 口诀：so与because ,用在一起分丢失； Although与but，用在一起要不得。

口诀释义：so与because，although/though与but不能同时出现在一个句子中，两者只能用其一。 如：Because he was tired, he couldn’t walk there.=He was tired, so he couldn’t walk there.因为他太累了，他不能走到那儿了。

Though he was tired, he still worked hard.= He was tired, but he still worked hard.虽然他很累，但他仍然努力工作。 四、 连词专题训练

（一）单项选择

1. My aunt asks whether I like a woolen sweater ___ a cotton one. A. but B. or C. and D. not 2. Either Mary ___ Lucy told him to come to see us. A. or B. and C. with D. nor 3. Hurry up, ____ we'll be late for the film. A. and B. but C. so D. or 4. We ran to the trees, ___ we couldn't see any more monkeys. A. but B. so C. and D. for 5. ___ Li Ping ___ Wu Fang ___ League members.

A. Neither; nor; are B. Either; nor; is C. Both; and; are D. Neither; or; is 6. You can ____ stay at home ____ go out to play. A. either; or B. so; that C. neither; and D. both; and 7. ____ Wei Hua ___ Ann____ very busy. A. Both; and; is B. So; and; is C. Either; or; is D. So; that; are 8. ___ Monday___ Tuesday is OK, I will be free then. A. Either; or B. Neither; nor C. So; that D. Both; and 9. ___ my brother____ sister are doctors. A. Not; but B. Neither; nor C. Both; and D. Either; or 10. The teacher, as well as his students ___ football. A. like B. likes C. enjoy D. play 11. ___ she ___ I know his telephone number, because it has been changed. A. Both; and B. Either; or C. Not only; but also D. Neither; nor 12. You may sit___ this end___ that end of the boat. A. neither; nor B. both; and C. either; or D. between; and 13. None of the shoes are the right size.

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They are ___ too big ____ too small. A. or; or B. either; or C. neither; or D. both; and 14. We should learn ___ from books___ from workers and farmers. A. both; and B. either; or C. neither; nor D. as; as 15. We went___ to the cinema, ___ to the park. A. did not; / B. not; but C. either; or D. both; and 16. My mother bought not apples____ two interesting books for me. A. or B. but C. and D. so 17. Mr Zhang felt a little tired, ____ he still went on working. A. but B. and C. so D. or

18. Our teacher is very busy, ____ he often help us with our lessons. A. or B. but C. and D. though 19. I went to buy the dictionary yesterday ___ I had time. A. until B. because C. if D. before 20. ___ you eat too much of that meat, you may fall ill. A. So B. Though C. If D. Then 21. Difficulties are nothing____ we are not afraid of them. A. for B. as C. if D. whether 22. Could you tell me ___ you were late for the meeting this morning? A. where B. why C. when D. who 23. I must stop writing now, ___ I have rather a lot of work to do. A. if B. though C. as D. where 24. I didn't go to school yesterday ____ I was ill. A. because B. if C. and D. them 25. I can't return the library book ____ I have lost it. A. so B. then C. but D. because 26. Kate's mother was ill, ____ she had to take care of her. A. but B. or C. because D. so 27. ___ he is in Nanjing, he can still hear from us quickly. A. As soon as B. Though C. While D. Since 28. Jim is an American, ____ he can speak very good Chinese. A. if B. so C. but D. because 29. ___ he is very young, ___ he knows a lot about science. A. Because; so B. Though; / C. When; and D. Though; but 30. I was walking along the street ____ I heard a cry from behind. A. when B. before C. while D. if

31. A woman saw it happen ____ she was walking past. She picked it up___ gave it back to me. A. before; but B. after; so C. because; or D. when; and 32. It's a long time ___ we met last time. A. for B. before C. till D. since 33. We didn't find water and grass ___ we had passed several villages. A. because B. when C. until D. after 34. he finished the work, he left the office. A. Before B. Until C. As well as D. After

35. Mother didn't go to bed ____ she finished making the birthday cake for Ann. A. until B. since C. because D. after

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36. I haven't heard from him___ we left school. A. after B. before C. when D. since 37. It is late now.___ they must leave at once. A. for B. or C. so D. because 38. you work harder, you will make some progress in chemistry. A. If B. Whether C. Before D. Yet 39. He can neither speak ___ read French. A. or B. nor C. and D. but

40. I hear ____ the professor will come back from the United States soon. A. where B. then C. if D. that 41. Li Hong passed her mother her bowl ___ asked for some more rice. A. but B. and C. or D. if 42.We‘ll set to do the experiment you are ready. A. as soon as B. while C. hardly D. before

43. The place we want to visit is far it will take us two days to get there by train. A. such, that B. so, that C. as, as D. as, that 44. ---I don‘t like apples bananas.

---I don‘t like apples, I like bananas very much. A. and; and B. and; but C. or; but D. or; and 45. She looked around she didn‘t see anybody. A. although B. but C. when D. if 46. ---Would you like to come to dinner tonight? ---I‘d like to, I‘m too busy. A. and B. so C. as D. but

47. She thought I was talking about her sister, I was talking about my sister. A. whom B. where C. which D. while 48. he said he wasn‘t hungry, he ate a big lunch. A. Even B. Unless C. Until D. Although 49. possible, I‘ll go to see her. A. If B. After C. Until D. Even though 50. I won‘t give up I should fail ten times. A. even if B. as if C. whether D. since 51. The coat will lose its bright colour it‘s washed. A. before B. after C. until D. while 52. Study hard, will get your reward（得到奖励）. A. then you B. for you C. and you D. after you 53. He was .

A. not only famous in Britain but also in America B. famous not only in Britain but also in America C. not famous only in Britain but also in America D. not only famous in Britain but in America, too

54. Let‘s set out earlier we can get there in time. A. as if B. so C. even if D. so that

55. It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 56. Everything depends on we can get home on time. A. if B. whether C. so that D. so

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(二)、用适当的连词将两句简单句合并成一个复合句: 1. She was late for school. She missed the 6:30 bus.

2. The Englishman was trying hard. The American gave up.

3. The students still had their sports meeting. It was raining.

4. They have known each other. They began to work in that factory.

5. I saw your uncle. I was walking in the street.

6. I will believe it. I hear it with my own ears.

7. The guard will let you go in. You show him your pass.

（三）、用所给的连词填空:

when, because, if, after, as， so... that, since, as... as, not. . . until

1. Please come to my home ____ you are free tomorrow. 2. I got to know her brother ____ I was a boy. 3. ___ the boy watched TV, he went to bed.

4. Yesterday Tom didn't go to see the film ____ he went over his lessons. 5. It's ___ hot ___ I can't go to sleep. 6. Guilin is___beautiful___ Hangzhou.

7. Great changes have taken place ___ you left. 8. ___you are busy, you needn't do it now. 9. I ___ go home ___ it was dark.

本章参考答案：

（一）1.B 2.A 3.D 4. A 5. C 6. A 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.B 11.D 12.C 13.B 14. A 15.C 16. B 17.A 18.B 19.C 20. C 21.C 22.B 23.C 24.A 25.D 26.D 27.B 28.C

29. B 30. A 31.D 32.D 33.C 34. D 35. A 36. D 37.C 38. A 39. B 40. D 41

. B 42. A 43. B 44.C 45.B 46.D 47.D 48.D 49.A 50.A 51.B 52.C 53.B 54.D 55.B 56.B (二) 1、She was late for school because she missed the 6:30 bus.

2、Though the American gave up , the Englishman was trying hard. 3、The students still had their sports meeting though it was raining.

4、They have known each other since they began to work in that factory. 5、I saw your uncle while I was walking in the street. 6、I will believe it unless I hear it with my own ears. 7、The guard will let you go in if you show your pass.

(三) 1. if 2. when 3. after 4. because 5. so?that 6.as,as 7.since 8.As 9.didn’t until

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