热力学习题及答案2010.11

更新时间:2023-11-28 04:08:01 阅读量: 教育文库 文档下载

说明:文章内容仅供预览,部分内容可能不全。下载后的文档,内容与下面显示的完全一致。下载之前请确认下面内容是否您想要的,是否完整无缺。

2-13. 某反应器容积为1.213m,内装有温度为227C的乙醇45.40kg。现请你试用以下三种方法求取该反应器的压力,并与实验值(2.75MPa)比较误差。(1)用理想气体方程;;(2)用RK方程;(3)用普遍化状态方程。

解:(1)用理想气体方程

30nRT0.987?8.314?103?500.15??106?3.38MPa P? V1.213误差:22.9% (2)用R-K方程

乙醇:TC?516.2K, PC?6.38MPa

0.42748R2TC a?PC2.50.42748?8.3142?106?516.22.57 ??2.8039?1066.38?100.08664RTC0.08664?8.314?103?516.2 b???0.0583 6PC6.38?10 V?1.213?1.229m3 0.987RTaP??0.5V?bTV?V?b?8.314?103?500.152.8039?107??

1.229?0.0583500.150.51.2292?1.229?0.0583???3.5519?106?7.9247?105?2.76MPa误差:0.36%

(3)用三参数普遍化关联 (Vr?2用维里方程关联,P?2.7766MPa)

, Pr???0.6350P2.75500.15??0.43, Tr??0.97 PC6.38516.21查图2-12~2-13:Z?0.82, Z??0.055

?0.055?0.784 5 Z?Z??Z?0.82?0.645ZRT0.7845?8.314?103?500.15??106?2.65MPa P?V1.229误差:3.64%

01 1

2-21 一个0.5 m3压力容器,其极限压力为2.75 MPa,若许用压力为极限压力的一半,试用普遍化第二维里系数法计算该容器在130℃时,最多能装入多少丙烷?已知:丙烷Tc=369.85K,Pc=4.249MPa,ω=0.152。

解:实际的使用压力为2.75/2=1.375MPa

则;Tr=T/Tc=(273.15+130.)/369.85=1.090 Pr=P/Pc=1.375/4.249=0.3236 普遍化第二维里序数法适用。

B0=0.083—0.422/Tr1.6=0.083—0.422/1.0901.6=—0.2846 B1=0.139—0.172/Tr4.2=0.139—0.172/0.32364.2=—0.1952

BPC?B0??B1??0.2846?0.152?0.1952??0.3143RTC Z?1????BPC?RTCP??Pr????Tr??1?0.3143?0.3236?1.090?0.907???

V?ZRT?0.907?8.314?403.15?1.375?2211cm3/mol 对于丙烷,其摩尔质量为M=44,

则; W=n M=0.5x106/(2211x1000)x44=9.950kg 即,最多约可装入10kg丙烷。

?U???p?3-1 试推导方程??T?????p式中T,V为独立变量。 ?V??T??T?V证明:?dU?TdS?pdV

?U???S? ????T???p ?V?V??T??T?p???S? 由maxwell关系知: ????????T?V??V?T?U??????T???V?T

??p???p ??T?V3-2 某类气体的状态方程式为p(V?b)?RT,试推导这类气体计算的HR和SR的表达式。

p??V?? 解:∵ HR??V?T????dp?0????T?p??由p?V?b??RT可得:

??V??R RT???b??T?pppV? 2

p?RTPTR?

HR????b?dp?bdp?bp??00p??p 同理

p?R??V??SR?????dp??0?p??T?p???p?R R?SR?????dp?00?pp?

3-21 0.304 MPa时饱和氨气经绝热可逆膨胀到0.1013MPa时的干度是多 少? 解:查氨的饱和蒸气表,通过内插法得,0.304 MPa时,Sl=8.8932 kJ·kg

绝热可逆膨胀到0.1013MPa后,S不变,通过内插得

Sl?3.5855 kJ?kg-1?K-1

Sg?9.2751 kJ?kg-1?K-1

-1

·

K

-1

而S位于Sl与Sg之间,设干度为x, 则

S?xSg??1?x?Sl

即 8.893?2解得:x?0.9329

3-22 压力为1.906MPa(绝)的湿蒸气经节流阀膨胀到压力为0.0985MPa(表)的饱和蒸气。假设环境压力为0.1MPa,试求原始蒸气的干度是多少?

解:查表知0.1985MPa(饱和)的饱和蒸汽压H=2706.3 kJ·kg

-1

因为节流膨胀是等焓过程,过1.906 MPa时湿蒸气的H=2706.3 kJ·kg

查表知,1.906 MPa时,H?2798.1 kJ?kg-1 ,Hl?896.8 kJ?kg-1

g干度为x, 则

H?xHg??1?x?Hl

-1

9.27x?511???x? 58553.即 2706.?3279x8.?11??x? 96.88解得 x?0.9517

4-14 在一定T、p下,二元混合物的焓为 H?ax1?bx2?cx1x2 其中,a=15000,b=20000,c = - 20000 单位均为J?mol-1,求 (1) 组分1与组分2在纯态时的焓值H1、H2;

3

(2) 组分1与组分2在溶液中的偏摩尔焓H1、H2和无限稀释时的偏摩尔焓H1?、

H2?。

解:(1)H1?limH?a?15000x1?1J?mol?1 J?mol?1

H2?limH?b?20000x2?1(2)按截距法公式计算组分1与组分2的偏摩尔焓,先求导:

dHd??ax1?bx2?cx1x2?dx1dx1?dax1?b?1?x1??cx1?1?x1?????dx1

?a?b?c?2cx1

dH代入到偏摩尔焓计算公式中,得dx1H1?H??1?x1?dHdx1?ax1?bx2?cx1x2?(1?x1)?a?b?c?2cx1??ax1?b?1?x1??cx1?1?x1??a?b?c?2cx1?x1?a?b?c?2cx1? ?a?c?1?x1?2?a?cx22H2?H?x1

dH?ax1?bx2?cx1x2?x1?a?b?c?2cx1?dx1

?ax1?b?1?x1??cx1?1?x1??x1?a?b?c?2cx1??b?cx12无限稀释时的偏摩尔焓H1?、H2?为:

2H1??limH1?lim?a?cx2??15000?20000?35000J?mol-1x1?0x2?1H?limH2?lim?b?cx?2x2?0x1?121??20000?20000?40000J?mol-1

4-23常压下的三元气体混合物的ln?m?0.2y1y2?0.3y1y3?0.15y2y3,求等摩尔混

?、f?. 合物的f?1、f23

4

???nln???解:ln??1?????n1?T,p,n?

j?2,3??d?0.2n1n2n?0.3n1n3n?0.15n2n3n?dn1

2?0.2y2?0.25y2y3?0.3y1y3 同样得

2 ?2?0.2y12?0.65y1y3?0.15y3ln?2 ?3?0.3y12?0.25y1y2?0.15y2ln?组分逸度分别是

1?111?5??py??f?1.01325?10?0.2??0.25??0.3?111??3?999?11 ?1.01325?105??336?938Pa同样得

1?111?5??py??f?1.01325?10?0.2??0.65??0.15?222??3?999?11 ?1.01325?105??39?3572Pa1?111?5??py??f?1.01325?10?0.3??0.25??0.15?333??3?999?10.7 ?1.01325?105??39?2627Pa

4-33 根据甲醇(1)-水(2)系统在0.1013MPa下的汽液平衡数据,试计算该系统的超额Gibbs自由能。低压下的平衡计算式为pyi?pis?ixi。其余计算条件为:

平衡组成

x1=0.400

y1=0.726

平衡温度 75.36 ℃

纯组分的蒸气压/MPa

p1s=0.153 sp2=0.0391

5

本文来源:https://www.bwwdw.com/article/e54t.html

Top