英语专八10套标准听力听力原文

Test 1听力原文

SECTION A MINI-LECTURE

How Practice Can Damage Your English

Good morning, everyone. Today, I am going to talk about the negative role of practice in

English learning.

If you ask “How can I learn to speak English better?”, many people will tell you “Practice,

practice, practice”. “Speak and write in English whenever you can”—they will say. All English

classes are full of activities which involve speaking and writing which are supposed to help you

with your English.

We agree that practice can be very useful. It’s even necessary to learn English well. So what’s

the problem? The problem is that for many learners, “speaking” or “writing” means “making a lot

of mistakes”. Some people make a mistake in every sentence! If you don’t make many mistakes,

your mistakes constantly and your incorrect habits become stronger.

Imagine this situation: You are writing an e-mail message in English. Your English is not

perfect and you want to write the message quickly. You write incorrectly: “I want speak English.”

When you write a sentence, you also read it. So the incorrect sentence goes into your head. The

next time you write a message, you will be more likely to write “I want finish” or “I want be

happy”. Why? Because “I want speak English” is fresh in your head—you’ve just used it! And

when you write “I want do something” the second time, you’ve got a “bad habit”, or a reinforced

mistake.

Now do you see our point? You write—you make mistakes—those mistakes become your

habit, they become your way of writing in English. you practice, you reinforce your mistakes.

Michal suggests a simple solution to this paradox: Never make mistakes! According to what he

says, it is close to the truth that you have never written an incorrect English sentence. You knew

many grammatical structures and you used only those that you knew. Your sentences were similar

to sentences which you knew to be correct. You followed good examples, so all your sentences

were good. In the beginning, you could write only very simple sentences, but all the simple habits. You never had any bad habits! From the beginning, you copied only correct sentences. With

every sentence that you wrote, you reinforced your good habits.

You have to realize that speaking does not improve your grammar or your vocabulary. It’s

really very simple. Can you learn a new word from yourself? If you don’t know how to say “Good

bye” in English, can you invent it by yourself? No, you can’t. You can only learn it by reading or

listening to English. So what you should do if you can’t help but make mistakes in your English

sentences? If you make mistakes, that means you don’t know how to say things in English. You You can speak and write later—when you can already build

correct English sentences and want to improve your fluency. Perhaps you can benefit from

corrections if you get a few corrections per week. But when there are many mistakes, you become

unable to concentrate on them. If a teacher returns your composition with 20 corrected mistakes,

how many of these corrections can you keep in your mind? Besides, your teacher is not always

there. What if you’re writing an e-mail message on your own or talking to someone else? Other

people usually ignore your mistakes, and even your teacher does not point out all of them.

First, try to be more careful by using the rules of error-free speaking. If you still make a lot of

mistakes, or if you find that the rules are killing your motivation, you probably shouldn’t open your

mouth just now. Instead, try to get more input by reading and listening in English. True, but believe

Moreover, sometimes you can say or write something which you think is wrong. You can do it your sentence which is probably wrong. And the other person can tell you how to say it in English

correctly. From that you learn the correct way to say the sentence.

if you know that you are saying something which

may be wrong, or you are sure that the other person will correct you if you make a mistake. And

In summary, it should be noted that practice can also serve as a negative factor in English

learning. Hope all of you can find the solution to it from today’s lecture.

SECTION B INTERVIEW

M: It’s been nearly many years since Madonna first made headlines for trying to adopt a small child

from the African nation of Malawi. And she’s since become a voice for the more than 1 million

children or orphans in that country and now she’s behind the film on that subject. And tonight,

we have Madonna here on our show. Welcome, Madonna.

W: Thanks.

M: Well... We watched your film I Am Because We Are last night... and it’s amazing. Why have you

felt the commitment to help those children?

W: and in a way I was going on my own

journey and connecting to these children and wanting to in a way heal myself whilst helping

them.

M: And hearing about their suffering? Something opened to you? school to go to. And I still thought that my world was going to collapse on me, so how could it

be for these children who, most of them, having lost both of their parents, having no roof over

their head, no food to eat, how horrifying and frightening it must be for them!

M: You know, I wonder how this revelation came to you, you know, this is going to be a thing, for W: I think having children and having a family force you to think about people besides yourself, I

mean you don’t really have a choice, I think I just got to a point in my life. I thought I have so

much, and it’s a great tragedy if I don’t use what I have to make the world a better place. I know

that sounds silly, or cheesy, or like a cliché, whatever... but it’s the truth. If I was challenging

people to open up their minds and their hearts, then I had to be willing to stand at the front of

the line. And... and I appreciate and understand how people could be cynical, that’s fine, I

accept that.

M: Why do you appreciate that people can be cynical? M: Or maybe they might be suspicious because they might think, well, you know, Madonna

changes all the time. Is this simply another fad, a trend, or just a new; is this something that is

really core to Madonna.

W: My re-inventions are part of my evolution and my growth as a person. They’re aspects of it that

are full of lesson. They are aspects of it that are real. I don’t see how anybody who really

understands how complicated it is to adopt a child could say that someone toasts to do that as a

fad. It’s just too difficult... it’s too traumatic.

M: It’s been hard then to adopt David.

W: We have not even been granted the full adoption. It’s supposed to be happening in the next

month. So for the last 18 months I have been a foster parent. have to put up with it and endure it and you know, I have been fingerprinted about 20 times, and to do this. I am not alone and, but you know, I’d do it again.

M: You would?

W: Yeah.

M: Why?

W: Because David is amazing, because he’s brought so much joy to our lives and more than about

him. And so, it was worthy. I think most people will suffer for the things they love.

M: And now at this point in your life, it seems you’re opening, to some part of you, it’s softening,

something that is looking for wisdom, usefulness.

W: Well, thank God.

M: Em... what do you mean by that?

W: Well, thank God I am searching for wisdom and usefulness. Em, one hopes that one gets to that

point in their lives sooner or later.

M: Do you wish that you could just be anonymous?

W: No, no...

M: No?

W: I mean, yeah, I have moments of it, but I don’t wanna wish that I am not me, I don’t wish I were

someone else.

M: What is it that you want to feel about your life? M: Well, thank you, Madonna.

SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST

NEWS ITEM 1

Stock markets in Europe and the United States have fallen sharply in response to further signs

that the debt crisis in Greece is intensifying and could spread to other countries. Share prices in

New York, London, Frankfurt and Paris fell by more than 2% after a major international credit

rating agency Standard & Poor’s downgraded Greek debt to a level known informally as junk.

Share markets have taken fright, fearing that if Greece does

default on its debts, it would hit many European banks which hold Greek bonds and could trigger a

wider financial crisis. Already pressure is mounting on Portugal which has also seen its credit rating

downgraded today, although it remains above junk status.

NEWS ITEM 2

Officials in the Philippines say at least a hundred people have died in floods and landslides in

the north triggered by a week of heavy rain. This follows two storms in the past two weeks which

have already left about 300 people dead. Reports said that even some evacuation centers had been

flooded.

heavy rain following the second typhoon in just over a week to hit the nation. Typhoon Parma has

lingered in the north of the country turning into a tropical depression. It follows Typhoon Ketsana

which killed more than 300 people when it hit on September 26.

NEWS ITEM 3

ruling will likely allow states to resume executions which had been on hold pending the Supreme

Court decision. Virginia’s governor has already lifted his state’s moratorium on executions.

Test 2听力原文

SECTION A MINI-LECTURE

Five Main Literary Movements in American History

Good morning, everyone. Today’s lecture is the very first of a series of lectures on the main

literary movements in United States history. In this class, we are going to cover five different

movements in literature and discuss the origins and common beliefs of each movement. In this, our

first class, I’d like to take some time to give you an overview of these five movements as a starting

point. I’ll go over the period of time each movement covers, the place in the US where it got its

start, the key figures in each movement, and the core beliefs of each.

We won’t have time in the course to cover all literary movements, so we’re going to be

focusing on the general time period of the 19th and 20th centuries. More specifically, this course

will cover most of the important literary movements from 1830 to around 1940.

The first literary movement we’ll be looking at in detail is called Transcendentalism. The

reason we choose this as our starting point is that writers of this movement or period are the first to

show a clear difference from British writers and British cultural tradition and heritage. Before this

time, American writers and British writers shared similar views of the world and saw the world

through the same lens. We sometimes refer to Transcendentalism as American Transcendentalism to American

Transcendentalists also extolled individualism and encouraged individuals to be reliant on

themselves and their development as human beings. Transcendentalists very often were active in

social movements. Arguably the most important figure of this movement was Ralph Waldo

Emerson, whose book called Nature, published in 1836, remains one of the movements most read

works.

The second movement we’re going to talk about is Romanticism, though it is more a series of

movements in art, music and literature which lasted about 50 years and spread from Britain and

Germany to other parts of the world. Basically, romanticism is centered on strong emotions and strong emotion, unexplained phenomenon, and unusual occurrences.

Our next movement is Realism, a movement which started in France in the mid 19th century

before spreading to other areas, including the United States in the 1870s. This movement was, in

many ways, a reaction to Romanticism in that it rejected strange and, indeed, romantic tales and

aimed to show society and humanity as it was in real life. Realists focused on events that were

one way to educate the general public for the need for change. on a variety of social issues including ending slavery and giving workers more rights.

Naturalism is an offshoot of Realism, and also had its roots in France. Both movements

focused on the reality of everyday ordinary life, but Naturalism focused on how the outside world,

that is, Naturalism generally believes that a person has a destiny or fate, and that person can do little to

change that destiny or fate. Many writers in this movement focused on problems in society, like

poverty. The next movement we are going to look at is Modernism, which, of course, stretches beyond

literature into music and art. The movement itself started in Europe in the late 19th century, as with

many of the other movements, spread to America shortly after. The tumultuous period ending in

World War I and World War II were seen by many as proof that the modern world was horrific and

chaotic, and the end of World War II was seen as the start of a new era of humanity, either for good

or for bad. Modernism reflects these thoughts, and writers in the Modernist era were looking,

generally, to look beyond the old, the traditional, and were trying to find meaning in a new world. Modernists were concerned with finding out what doesn’t work in the world and OK. In today’s lecture, we’ve had a brief look at the origins and common beliefs of the five

different movements in American literature. In our next lecture, we will discuss each movement in

detail.

SECTION B INTERVIEW

W: Today I’d like to welcome Edward Fox, a seasoned real-estate agent, who is going to talk to us

about buying a house. Hello, Edward, good to see you.

M: Hello.

W: Now Edward, I think for most people buying a house is a major life event, and probably the

single most expensive item they are ever likely to buy. What precautions do they have to take

before a real purchase? Can you give some suggestions?

M: You are right in saying buying a house costs a lot. But as to me, the most important thing to

consider before buying any property is the location.

W: Location?

M: Right. Because it is where you plan to spend a large part of your life. Or, indeed, the rest of your a very sociable person who enjoys nightclubs and discos, you may consider something close to

a city. Anyway, a city is convenient for all types of nightlife.

W: Then, for those who like to seek a quiet life, do you recommend a house in the countryside? W: Absolutely.

M: Therefore, transport is of the utmost importance. busy city.

W: But houses in the suburbs are far more expensive than those in cities. W: Really? So we should consider our place of work and personality in choosing the location. Is

that so?

M: I’m afraid you have to take family into consideration as well. You may prefer a house that is

away from a busy street or main road. And of course, remember that children have to attend

school. If you have children, or you plan to have children, location is a very important factor. W: Oh, I see. How many types of houses can we choose?

M: There are various types of houses. The first is called detached houses, which stand alone, and

are not joined by another building. Then there are semi-detached houses, which are the most

common. This is because they are, in fact, two houses joined together, and therefore take up less

space. And there are town houses, too, which are many houses joined together to form a long

row. But I don’t think that town houses are less expensive than semi-detached houses. They W: Then what about old houses? They must be cheaper than new ones.

M: Maybe they are. But if the house is too old, you may be faced with expensive repairs and W: I agree. It’s economical to buy old houses only when they are in good condition. By the way, a

lot of property has a garden attached to it. Do you think it’s a good choice?

M: It’s true that a lot of property has a garden. If you enjoy gardening, that’s fine. But if you don’t

enjoy gardening then you may prefer a small garden, as opposed to a big one. But even if you

do enjoy gardening it is important to remember that gardens take up a lot of your time. So

keeping a garden in good order may be very difficult if you work long hours.

W: You are quite right. Any other suggestions? W: Edward, I never knew I had to consider so many things while buying a house. Thank you very

much for talking with us.

M: My pleasure.

SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST

NEWS ITEM 1

Twenty-five miners are now known to have died and four are missing in an accident at a West The operation will resume as soon as conditions allow, Massey Energy said. There are plans to drill

holes from the surface to monitor gas levels and attempt to ventilate the mine chamber. A mine

safety official said rescue teams had reached one of the mine’s airtight chambers stocked with food,

water and oxygen but found no-one there. US President Barack Obama offered his “deepest

condolences” to the families and friends of those who had died.

NEWS ITEM 2

A landmark law which makes education a fundamental right for children has come into effect

in India. It is now legally enforceable for every child to demand free and elementary education would be made available to ensure that children had access to education. An estimated eight million

children aged between 6 and 14 do not currently attend school in India. Mr. Singh said that the

government was committed “to ensuring that all children irrespective of gender and social category Singh added, “So I want that the light of education should reach to all.”

NEWS ITEM 3

Light exercise during pregnancy may improve the future health of a child by controlling

weight in the womb, New Zealand and US researchers say. Overweight or obese mums are more recommend regular light exercise for pregnant women. The rising weight of the UK population

over the years has led to a rise in the number of overweight mothers. There is increasing evidence Official guidance in the UK tells doctors to encourage women not to overeat during pregnancy, and

to, wherever possible, take light exercise on a regular basis.

Test 3听力原文

SECTION A MINI-LECTURE

Advice for Students: How to Talk to Professors

Good afternoon. Today I’d like to give you advice on how to talk to professors. A while back, I

recommended that students get to know their professors. I realize, though, that many students are

intimidated or put off by their professors. This is especially so when students need something—a

favor, special help with an assignment, or a second chance on a test.

It doesn’t need to be that way. There are, though, a few things that you should keep in mind when you talk to your professors,

especially if you’re going to ask for a particular favor:

A “Doctor” is

someone with a PhD; not all professors have a PhD. “Professor” is usually appropriate, unless

you’ve been told otherwise. I prefer to be called by my first name, and I make that point clearly on

the first day of class; if your professor hasn’t said anything about this, you’re better off not using

their first name. If you’re totally unsure, a “Mr.” or “Ms.” is usually fine. Do not use “Mrs.” unless

the professor herself uses it.

Secondly, no matter under what situations, tell the truth. After the first couple of semesters of

teaching, your average professor has much heard it all. It’s a sad fact, but true nonetheless, that we

grow jaded and take all students’ excuses with a grain of salt. If a professor thinks he or she is being

played, they’re not going to respond very well to whatever request you have to If you feel you absolutely must lie, at least make it a huge flaming

whopper of a lie, so the professor can get a good laugh when they share it at the next faculty

meeting.

Thirdly, be prepared to do the work. If you’ve missed an assignment or a test or are falling you’d better be prepared to do the work—and generally under more

difficult circumstances. I get the impression that a lot of students imagine I might just say “don’t

worry about it, I’ll give you the points anyway”, which, of course, is not going to happen.

tell your professor what you need or want and be done with it. Don’t spend 30 minutes explaining

your childhood and family arrangements and how hard it is getting a job with a few felony

convictions on your record and blah blah blah for a 10-point assignment. Simply say “Professor, I

missed an assignment, can I make it up? Can I do something else?”

Lastly, remember to pay social calls. Your professor is probably required by school policy to

be in his or her office and available to students for a set number of hours per week. On top of that,

most professors like talking to students—it’s part of the reason we took the job. Pay your professor

a visit or two, just to talk. Tell him or her about the work you’re interested in or about problems when you call up three years later asking for a reference letter.

On the other hand, there are things you should remember not to do:

days of professors marrying their

promising students are long, long gone. Nowadays, even the hint of favoritism can ruin a

professor’s career—let alone any actual relationship-type behavior. Unless your professor is a total

sleazebag, any sign of flirtation will make him or her shut down immediately. They simply cannot

risk it.

Second, don’t always prepare for satisfaction. Depending on how far you’ve let your studies

slide, there might not be anything a professor can do and still be fair to the rest of his or her

students. Or it might not be technically possible: arranging make-up tests, for example, is difficult.

Your professor probably spent hours writing his or her syllabus, and probably spent another hour

explaining it to you at the beginning of the class, so he or she’s got a lot invested in the rules it

Third, don’t threaten. Professors get threatened with lawsuits a lot, and even threats of physical you probably don’t have much of a reason for a professor to help you out, and you should start

thinking about how to do better next time.

didn’t become professors because we wanted to make students’ lives miserable. We became

professors out of a passion for our disciplines and a desire to share our knowledge with you. As a

general rule, professors respect commitment and genuine curiosity, and will go out of their way to

help if they feel you are honestly interested in doing well. On the other hand, professors get to

feeling pretty used by the numerous students who work hard only at gaming the system, and if they

feel you’re one of those students, they’re not likely to bend very far to make life easier for you.

Good luck!

SECTION B INTERVIEW

W: Two million high school seniors are gearing up this fall to apply to nearly 3,500 US colleges. So,

which are the strongest academically that are toughest to get into, and yah, of course top party

schools. We all need to know that, right? Well the Princeton Review ranks The Best 361

Colleges: The Smart Students Guide to Colleges. Robert Franek is the lead author. Rob, good

morning, good to see you again.

M: Well. Thanks for having me back.

W: Look at the size of this thing. I mean this is a lot of information here. And...

M:It’s a lot of information, you’re right. We’ve reached up to so many

students—110,000—students to put best 361 colleges this year.

W: So this is a survey of just the students then with their feedback on their campuses?

M: Exactly. We think we know a lot about schools at Princeton Review, but we went directly to

whom we considered power experts.

W: To the source? How does, how does this differ to US News and World Reports rankings, and

Newsweek along with Kaplan’s rankings? W: All right. So let’s take a look at some of the strongest schools academically talking first here.

And usually of course we expect the Harvards, Princetons, Yales, which they’re up there as well,

but this year, kind of a little bit of surprise is, Reed College in Portland, Oregon score highest

marks.

M: Yeah! No. 1. Ur... Best overall...

W: Why is it? You surprised?

M: Actually not surprised. I mean, Reed College is a great school. It’s got great regional reputation,

and growing national reputations, only 1,300 students, but a wonderful liberal arts, liberal arts

school, we went directly to students, they told us that their professors were great, both inside as

well as outside the classroom.

W: Tiny school! About ten students per class? W: All right! Ivy Leagues did very well in other categories as well, like toughest schools to get into

and top in that list, MIT was first, followed then by Yale, Princeton, ur, and Harvard, second,

third, fourth respectively. So any surprises there with them?

M: There are some unusual suspects on that list. We reach directly out to school administrators

through our website , and finding out information on schools specifically,

where they’re looking from the SAT, ACT, GPA coming into a high school, so that’s how we

come up with our list.

W: Students’ happiest with their financial aid packages, Princeton University. So what are they

doing differently? Obviously, it’s generally a very expensive private school. What are they

doing now?

M: W: The overall happiest students, Stanford University.

M: Stanford is a terrific place to go to school. Certainly a super competitive school, but when we

think about quality of life, oh, it’s a beautiful campus, great food, great dorms, great library,

overall quality of life. And great and happy students.

W: All right! Now speaking of beautiful campuses, Pepperdine scored top, Malibu. How can you go

wrong? Right?

about quality of life and overall beauty of campus it certainly came to the top of the list.

W: I mean that’s like a travel destination, right there, right?

M: Yeah!

W: All right! Let’s also talk about best for athletics intercollegiate and intramural, intramural and

University of Florida in Gainesville.

M: Yeah! Again, I mean, a school that has wonderful school spirit, and so many students are gonna

get excited, not only about academics and the experience they’re gonna have there, but the

athletic experience overall at school. So University of Florida is certainly No. 1 on the list.

W: Can’t let you go without talking about the category best party school.

M: Yes. Certainly.

W: And topping that list, I’m sure the focus is at University of Wisconsin in Madison. Probably take

a little issue with it, but.., they ranked the highest. And of course, Ohio University mats on the

mountain.

M: Yes. Mats on the mountain.

W: You surely talked it about right.

M: That’s right. And again we went directly onto students; we asked them about alcohol use on

campus, hours of studies spent outside the classroom and popularity for tourism and on, that’s

how we came up with that party school list this year.

W: All right. Robert Franek, always great with the Princeton Review, good to see you.

M: Good to see you.

W: So good to see you again. Thank you so much.

SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST

NEWS ITEM 1

The American Secretary of States Hillary Clinton is in Moscow to try to persuade Russia to support American policy on Iran. As a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, Russia has the power to veto resolutions. And Moscow has always said it does not believe sanctions are an effective way of promoting change. Clinton is in Russia, including the plan for Moscow and Washington to sign a new treaty in early December for a further cut in their large arsenals of nuclear weapons.

NEWS ITEM 2

Mexico says it’s winning the war against the H1N1 virus. President Phillipe Calderon says, aggressive government action helped get a grip on the outbreak. Hundreds of patients showing symptoms are being treated in isolation units, but the health minister says the number of new cases is declining, so the shut down of Mexico City may ease soon. Businesses there have lost $100 million a day by some estimates. Officials may also reopen schools across the country, but the government says it’s going to be cautious. That’s lead to clashes between police and pig farmers. Farmers in Cairo battled Government forces with stones and bottles. There were several injuries and more than a dozen arrests. Egypt is a

mostly Muslim country and most of the people there, therefore consider pigs unclean. The number of confirmed cases in the U.S. has jumped, but officials say, that’s from catching up on a backlog of lab tests, the count now stands at 226, with confirmed cases in 30 states.

NEWS ITEM 3

A coup attempt appears to be under way in Niger. Soldiers have forced their way into the presidential palace and taken the head of state Mamadou Tandja to a military barracks.

Latest information says President Tandja has now been separated from his ministers and taken left at least 3 people dead and 10 injured. Exactly which part of the military carried out the operation remains unclear. Niger has been rocked by months of political crisis after the president changed the constitution to remain in power.

Test 4听力原文

SECTION A MINI-LECTURE

How to Be a Good Conversationalist

Good morning, everyone! Today we’ll continue our discussion on communication skills. More specifically, in today’s lecture, we are going to explore how to be a good conversationalist.

conversationalists talk to you, they make you feel like you’re the only person in the room.

Becoming a good conversationalist requires knowing three things: first, how to start a conversation; second, how to keep it going; and third, how to end it.

Starting a conversation usually means coming up with an opening line or ice-breaker. The best kind of ice-breakers is one that’s positive. The last thing people want to hear from a stranger is how noisy the party is, how awful the food is, or how ugly the people are dressed.

A compliment is always a good ice-breaker and will usually be appreciated. know what’s going on in the world. The fact is, any opening line will do, as long as it’s not negative, and as long as it’s not too outdated. The best way to entice a person to have a conversation with you Once you’ve got a conversation going, the best way to keep it going is by asking the other person questions that don’t require just a yes or no answer or questions which show genuine interest on your part. For example, if someone says, “I’m from Miami!”, you may respond with, “Oh, I’ve been to Miami!” and continue with, “How long have you lived there?” Then, “I was born there, and I’ve lived there all my life.” You might say, “Is your family from Miami as well?”

You keep asking questions based on the last thing a person says. This is called the “elaboration Ask questions similar to those a reporter might ask to draw a person out: who, what, when, where, and why question. Once you lit on something you find interesting, keep asking questions in order to get the person to elaborate about the topic as much as possible.

A good conversationalist elaborates on the experiences they’ve had. Instead of saying the party was fun, tell why it was fun. Describe why you had a good time — who was there, what happened, Use words to create images and paint pictures so that the other person can get a visual as well as an auditory image of what you’re describing to them. If you use the description effectively, you make the person feel as though they were actually there.

In order to keep a conversation going, there are seven tips that can help you be an excellent communicator:

be physically expressive without being excessive.

2. Don’t gossip. You run the risk of offending the person you’re talking to. It also makes you look small-minded.

3. Cultivate a wide range of interests.

joke. Sexual and ethnic humor, however, are not worth the effects that the jokes may have on your total image. People may be offended, which may in turn reflect poor judgment on your part and may encourage them to think less of you.

5. Don’t interrupt. People hate being interrupted. Fight the impulse to interrupt and give the person you’re talking to the time they need to complete what they’re saying to you.

6. Don’t be afraid to show enthusiasm. It allows the other person to feel that you’re interested in what they’re saying to you.

7. Be flexible in your point of view. Try to be as open as possible, and try to see things from the other person’s point of view.

If you’ve started a conversation with another person, and you are having difficulty ending it, there are several signals you can send to the other person that will bring the conversation to its close You may want to summarize all that was said. Whatever you do, don’t lie to the other person. If you’re not interested in talking to them again, don’t mention the possibility of a future meeting just to be polite. That’s hypocritical. Instead, you may want to say, “Nice meeting you.” And then, leave. But please note, before you leave, be sure to give the other person a good, firm handshake. The final impression you make can be just as important as the initial one you made.

OK. To sum up, in today’s lecture, we’ve covered three things that a good conversationalist

has to know. That is, how to start a conversation; how to keep it going; and how to end it. Now before we end this lecture, any questions?

SECTION B CONVERSATION

W: Hello, Franklin!

M: Hello, Mary! How nice to see you again! How have you been these days?

W: Pretty busy, you know I am hunting for a job recently.

M: Well, how is it going?

W: You know I’ve been thinking about applying for a job in other states. Well, I’ve got the details

about different jobs and I’d like your opinion about which would be the best one to go for.

M: Where are the jobs?

W: One is in Los Angeles, one is in Detroit and the other one is in Atlanta City.

M: Los Angeles is supposed to be a very nice place. Los Angeles area offers many attractive

visiting places, like mountains and beaches. And there are ski resorts near the city! It is

considered to be one of the best tourist destination in the country.

W: Yes it is, and the company is also located in a beautiful part.

M: That would be great for the health. You know, I’d love to be able to go skiing at weekends!

W: But, one problem with Los Angeles is that it’s growing very fast. average, with housing costs tending to be among the most expensive in the nation. In the city of

Los Angeles, the median cost for apartment rentals is $735 per month.

M: How does the salary of the job in Los Angeles compare with other jobs? M: too, so it would be easy to come back for

weekends and holidays.

W: That’s right, and the regular transportation service would save quite a bit on fares.

M: And what about accommodation?

W: Well, actually, apartments are much cheaper to rent in Los Angeles, Detroit and Atlanta City

than they are here in New York City, so we’d be able to afford to live in a nice, spacious

apartment, I’d think.

M: Mmm, that would be terrific! And do you know what the cultural facilities are like in these

cities?

W: In fact, they’re quite good in all three. But, of course, Los Angeles has an international

reputation as a cultural center. It has a surprising number of art museums and galleries and

know, I am so crazy about movies, and Hollywood is just there, maybe I could come across

some super Hollywood stars in the street and get a signature.

M: Well, that sounds fascinating. And another thing we’ll have to consider, of course, are the

educational possibilities. How long would you want to go for?

W: I hope it would be a maximum of five years and working across states will be good for my

M: Well, it seems to me that the choice must be between Atlanta City and Los Angeles. Atlanta City

has the advantage of being closest to New York City, so coming home would be relatively easy

and inexpensive. Los Angeles, on the other hand, sounds like the most interesting place from a

cultural point of view. skiing and we could go skiing at weekends in the winter. can.

SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST

NEWS ITEM 1

Rescuers are searching the waters off Lebanon for the 90 passengers and crew of an Ethiopian

Airlines plane that crashed shortly after takeoff Monday. Several bodies have already been pulled from the sea, but no survivors have been found. Lebanese officials have called for a day of mourning for those killed when the plane went down in stormy weather in the early hours of from Beirut and was headed to the Ethiopian capital, Addis Ababa, when it went down in the Mediterranean a few kilometers off Lebanon’s coast. Witnesses report seeing the plane on fire before it crashed. Authorities say more than 50 Lebanese passengers boarded the plane as well as more than 20 Ethiopians, in addition to the crew members. Suleiman says preparations are being made for relatives of those on board to receive information about the search efforts.

NEWS ITEM 2

China’s parliament opens its annual session on Friday, as policymakers seek answers to some

Western sounding problems. clothing and housing,” says NPC spokesman Li Zhaoxing, responding to a Chinese reporter’s question on what China plans to do to stabilize the sky-rocketing home prices. other policy measures aimed at keeping China’s strong economic growth.

NEWS ITEM 3

effort to develop foods that help lose weight. Clinical trials are now intended to find out how effective it would be in a normal diet. Dr Iain Brownlee, who co-led the Tyneside team, said: “This research suggests that if we can add the natural fibre to products commonly eaten daily, such as bread, biscuits and yoghurts, up to three quarters of the fat contained in that meal could simply pass through the body.”

Test 5听力原文

SECTION A MINI-LECTURE

How to Write a Dissertation

Good afternoon, everyone. Welcome to today’s lecture about writing. I have known that you are preparing to write a dissertation at present. Unless you have written many formal documents before, you are going to find that it’s difficult! So, in today’s lecture, I will talk about methods for writing a dissertation.

drifting aimlessly for long periods of time. It will help motivate you to work during tedious or difficult phases and provides the incentive to make sacrifices.

The second is the maintenance of healthy balance. The dissertation is such a time-consuming project that it can seem impossible to lead a balanced life. Without a healthy balance of life, you may feel angry, resentful, frustrated, overwhelmed, and depressed on a consistent basis. In order to maintain a healthy balance, it is often helpful to devote time every day and week to your physical, social, intellectual, emotional and spiritual well-being.

Next, I will provide you with a few general ideas about a dissertation. As we know, a thesis is So many people use the term “thesis” to refer to the document that a current dictionary now includes it as the third meaning.

No. 1: Scientific method. Before one can write a dissertation defending a particular thesis, one must collect evidence that supports it. Thus, the most difficult aspect of writing a dissertation consists of organizing the evidence and associated discussions into a coherent form.

Analysis and concepts form the heart of the work. A dissertation also concentrates on principles: it states the lessons learned, and not merely the facts behind them.

not repeat the details of critical thinking and analysis found in published sources; it uses the results as fact and refers the reader to the source for further details. Each sentence in a dissertation must be complete and correct in a grammatical sense. Moreover, a dissertation must satisfy the strict rules of formal grammar. For example, no undefined technical jargon, no hidden jokes, and no slang, even when such terms or phrases are in common use in the spoken language. Indeed, the writing in a dissertation must be clear. Shades of meaning matter; the terminology and prose must make fine distinctions. The words must convey exactly the meaning intended, nothing more and nothing less. Each statement in a dissertation must be correct and defensible in a logical and scientific sense. Furthermore, the discussions in a dissertation must satisfy the strictest rules of logic applied to mathematics and science.

Writing a dissertation requires a student to think deeply, to organize technical discussion, to muster arguments that will convince other scientists, and to follow rules for rigorous, formal presentation of the arguments and discussion.

When writing a dissertation, we should also be clear about definitions and terminology. or by a precise, unambiguous definition that appears before the term is used for a new term or a standard term used in an unusual way. And each term should be used in one and only one way throughout the dissertation. The easiest way to avoid a long series of definitions is to include a statement. Then, only define exceptions. The introductory chapter can give the intuition of terms provided they are defined more precisely later.

Last but not least important is language points. There is a principle we should remember, i.e. For example, say “the operating system starts the device” instead of “the device is started by the to the disk and then uses the frame” instead of “The system will use the frame after it wrote the page to disk”. Moreover, you should define negation early. For instance, say “no data block waits on the output queue” instead of “a data block awaiting output is not on the queue.” At last, you should be careful that the subject of each sentence really does what the verb says it does. All computer scientists should know the rules of logic. Unfortunately the rules are more difficult to follow when the language of discourse is English instead of mathematical symbols. When written using mathematical symbols, the differences are obvious because “for all” and “there exists” are reversed.

ever learned to write by reading essays like this. Instead, you need to practice and practice. This is the secret to writing a good dissertation.

To conclude, we have discussed some necessary preparations before writing a dissertation. What follows are some guiding principles, including some general ideas of a dissertation and how to reach a good writing. Finally, I provide you with a key to successful writing, i.e. practice. After

this lecture, I hope you may find your dissertation-writing smooth.

SECTION B CONVERSATION

M: Have you seen this story in The Herald? It says The Times is closing down in three months’

time.

W: Gary, that’s good news, that newspaper is terrible. I won’t miss it.

M: What do you mean? The Times is the best newspaper in the city. If that closes, we’ll only have

The Herald and that City Journal which is too awful for words.

W: This is a

newspaper which puts the horoscopes on the bottom of the front page. I think that tells you how

serious it is.

M: Come on. That’s hardly fair now, is it? Remember the campaign they did last year to save the

children’s hospital. You can’t tell me you didn’t think that was a worthwhile thing to do. you remember reading their article a couple of months before criticizing the local authorities

wasting money on out-of-date healthcare facilities, including the very same children’s hospital?

They have only ever written what they think will sell more newspapers.

M: Well, it obviously didn’t work if they’re closing, did it?

W: No, and thank heavens for that. The City Journal is a great paper and you don’t like it because it

doesn’t devote 5 pages every day to baseball stats.

M: This is a baseball city. We’ve got a great team. Why shouldn’t we read about it? Where are we

going to get the results now? The Journal puts all the results in one tiny box on the back page

and The HeraldThe Journal.

W: Err, maybe because it has authentic journalists working there, journalists who know something

about what is going on in the rest of the country and the rest of the world. I think a newspaper

needs to meet all the needs of its readers, not just those who like sports. The Journal did a great

piece on famine in Africa last week, did you read it?

M: No, I can’t say I did. I think they should leave that stuff for the national papers or for the TV

news. If I buy a local newspaper, I don’t want to read about the famine in Africa. Those articles

are only written by the ambitious journalists who are fishing for jobs in the national press.

W: Oh, you’re so cynical.

M: And another thing. What about the jobs section in The Times? That was one of the most useful The Herald has one

too... look, here on page 17... one page... and look, half of these jobs are on the other side of the

state. Every business, every store in this city knows, if they want to employ someone, get

someone to work for them, they have to place an ad in The Times. How are all these people

going to get work now? This will absolutely wreck the local economy.

W: You certainly know how to exaggerate, Gary. Destroy the local economy, will it? I admit the

jobs section was pretty good in The Times but one of the other two newspapers will just get the

ads instead. That’s how things work. This city just isn’t big enough for three local newspapers

and you know it. People only get them to see what’s on in town and to see who’s died.

M: That’s so morbid!

W: It’s true. People use the TV or the Internet for everything else. It’s not like it used to be 10 years

ago.

M: The Times was the cheapest of them all too. You can bet all the prices are going to go up.

W: Hmm, you could be right. honest. If I do get one, I find myself reading no more than a few pages anyway.

M: Well, if The Times really does close down, that’s my newspaper buying days finished. I think, in

ten years’ time, nobody in this city will even buy a local paper. It’s a shame really, don’t you

think?

W: My dad told me when he was a kid, there used to be 5 local newspapers in the city and two

others serving only this corner of the state. But you know how it is, companies merge, everyone

is looking for savings, efficiency and so on. Now we’ll only have two. It’s survival of the fittest.

SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST

NEWS ITEM 1

The United States and the United Nations are urging Israel and Palestinians to resume peace talks after a day of unrest in Jerusalem. The American Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said Washington wanted to insure both sides were fully committed to peace efforts. The UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon condemned as illegal recent Israeli plans to build new settlements in East Jerusalem.

Ban Ki-moon urged restraint in Jerusalem, reminding Israelis and Palestinians of the final statues of the city were supposed to be decided in negotiations. He repeated condemnation of Israeli plans to build 1,600 new homes for Jewish settlers in the occupied eastern part of the city, stating again that such settlements are illegal under international law. On Friday, the Secretary General is set to attend a ministerial meeting of the quartet which groups the UN, the European Union, Russia and America. He said members will discuss additional measures to trying rescue tentative steps to resume Israeli-Palestinian peace talks although he didn’t say what they were.

NEWS ITEM 2

The Australian parliament has rejected government plans to introduce ambitious carbon trading scheme to tackle global warming. If the government is defeated again, it could trigger a general election.

The emissions trading scheme was a centerpiece of the Rudd government environmental government does not control the upper house of the Australian parliament, the Senate. And the measure has been defeated by 42 votes to 30. Outside the ruling Labor Party, this was a friendless

NEWS ITEM 3

main rebel group has so far refused talks with the government. James Copnall reports from Khartoum.

talks. The Sudanese President Omar Al Bashir said the death sentence against the JAM fighters convicted of attacking Omdurman had been quashed, and 30% of them had been released as a goodwill measure. His act details of the agreement are not yet clear, but the fact has just been signed is a significant step forward in the peace process in Darfur.

Test 6 听力原文

SECTION A MINI-LECTURE

How to Write a Term Paper

Good morning, everyone! Today I’d like to continue our series of talks about study skills in university. This morning I’m going to talk about how to write a term paper.

To start with, what is a term paper? A term paper is primarily a record of intelligent reading in several sources on a particular subject. Yet it is more than the sum of your sources and a collection of different pieces of information about a topic. A term paper analyzes a perspective or argues a Sooner or later a term paper happens to all of you. Some teacher or professor gives an assignment that can either make or break one’s college career. Hours of endless research seem to loom ahead. Facts that may or may not go together are a jumble within one’s psyche. Few will excel at the task with little or no effort while most others will flounder around and either pass or fail the project. Others may wait until the night before it is due and compose it in a rush on the word processor. Like it or not, term papers are a part of higher education. They don’t have to be dreaded, however. With just a little planning and foresight, the term paper can be not only an exciting way to learn more about a specific topic but also lead to great grades.

Suppose you are required to write about a broad topic such as “The History of the Civil War”. Surely a million facts are out there and it should be easy to research a lot of those, but when it comes time to write the actual paper, it will be hard to narrow down the information and make any cohesive sense from it. It would be better to focus in, say, on one particular battle of the Civil War, a particular general, or perhaps a specific aspect of everyday life in the 1860’s on a Southern Plantation. By focusing the topic early on,

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