2011新东方考研英语阅读理解精读100篇UNIT 17

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TEXT ONE

Britons’ most searing memories of their encounter with foot-and-mouth disease in 2001 are of the piles of animals slaughtered to try to stop its spread. Such a draconian policy might have been accepted had the disease been controlled quickly. But its ineffectiveness—more than 6m cows, sheep and pigs were culled before the disease was eradicated—led to widespread revulsion and a government rethink. Just as in 2001, if an animal is thought to be infected, its herd will be culled and a quarantine zone set up. But this time, unless the disease is stamped out quickly, animals nearby will also be vaccinated to create a “fire-break” across which it is unlikely to travel. Already 300,000 doses of vaccine have been ordered, so that if government vets decide that slaughter alone is unlikely to be effective, they can start vaccinating straight away.

Humans almost never catch foot-and-mouth and it rarely kills the cloven-hooved beasts it affects. But animals produce less milk and meat, so its economic effects are severe. It is also highly contagious: infected livestock produce the virus that causes it in large quantities, and transmit it through saliva, mucus, milk, faeces and even droplets in their breath.

Even so, only countries where foot-and-mouth is endemic, as in parts of Latin America, vaccinate all animals. One reason is cost: the disease is caused by a virus with seven main types and tens of sub-types, with a targeted vaccine needed for each strain and shots repeated, perhaps as often as twice a year. It is also because vaccinating damages exports. Places that are free from foot-and-mouth are unwilling to import vaccinated beasts, or fresh meat from them, because they may still carry the disease.

The fear of being shut out of foreign markets led to the British government's disastrous foot-dragging over vaccination in 2001. But that same year an outbreak in the Netherlands involving 26 farms was brought under control in just one month by vaccinating 200,000 animals. Though healthy, these beasts then had to be culled so that farmers could return to exporting without restrictions as soon as possible. Not even eternal vigilance on imports can keep a country free of foot-and-mouth disease: the latest outbreak was apparently caused by a breach of bio-security at the Pirbright laboratory complex in Surrey, where government researchers keep the live virus for vaccine research and Merial, an American animal-health company, manufactures vaccine for export. Human action, accidental or deliberate, seems likely to have been involved.

Ironically, one reason for eschewing vaccination is that although it provides the best hope of dealing with outbreaks, maintaining the capacity to produce vaccine is itself a risky business. Many earlier episodes of foot-and-mouth in countries normally free from the disease have been caused by laboratory escapes; in 1970 a leak from Pirbright's isolation facilities was fortunately contained.

1. Which one of the following statements is not TRUE of the foot-and-mouth disease in Briton in 2001?

[A] The disease had never been effectively controlled throughout the event.

[B] The policy of slaughtering animals to stop the disease spread proved to be a failure.

[C] The slaughtering policy was arousing discontent among the public in Britons. [D] The government failed to take immediate actions of creating fire-break around the infected livestock.

2. The new policy is different from the policy in 2001 in the following aspects except_____

[A] the piles of animals will not be slaughtered as in 2001. [B] animals near the infected herb will be injected with vaccine. [C] a belt of quarantine with vaccinated animals will be erected.

[D] it is paying more attention to prevention of the outbreak of the epidemic.

3．Only a few countries have all of their animals injected with vaccines because of the following reason except_____

[A] it is unnecessary to vaccinate all the animals in counties in which there are little chances of infecting foot-and-mouth.

[B] the cost of vaccines against all types of the virus causing the disease is very high. [C] vaccinated animals are less welcomed by importing countries.

[D] the vaccine cost will be rising as types of virus causing the disease are increasing.

4．Though vaccinated animals were free from the foot-and-mouth in Britain and Netherlands in 2001, they were still slaughtered because_____ [A] they may be more likely to infect the virus than the healthy ones.

[B] the exporting restrictions were too strict to let these animals pass the custom. [C] the farmers were afraid of being deprived of the exporting right. [D] the government wanted to regain the former status of exporting animals. 5． The outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease may be a result of the following situations except_____

[A] animals being wrongly or incompletely injected with vaccination. [B] importing animals from the countries with the foot-and-mouth-disease. [C] leak of the virus during the research experimentation. [D] malicious actions by some people with particular purpose.

篇章剖析：

这篇文章介绍了应对英国口蹄疫的一些情况。第一段讲述了英国2001年发生口蹄疫后采取的措施效果不佳；第二段讲述现在应对口蹄疫的新方法；第三段讲述口蹄疫带来的危害；第四段、第五段讲述注射疫苗方法存在的问题；第六、七段讲述研制疫苗过程中的病毒泄漏可能导致疫情。 词汇注释：

searing adj. 灼热的 cull v. 剔除

draconian adj. 严峻的 revulsion n. 巨变

quarantine n. 隔离 stamp out 根除 contagious adj. 传染性的 saliva n. 唾液 mucus n. 粘液 faeces .n. 粪便 droplet n. 小滴 endemic adj. 地方性的

难句突破：

(1) One reason is cost: the disease is caused by a virus with seven main types and tens of sub-types, with a targeted vaccine needed for each strain and shots repeated, perhaps as often as twice a year. [主体句式] One reason is cost: the disease is caused by a virus .

[结构分析] 这是一个简单句，a virus 后面with引导的短语是做定语，with a targeted vaccine…是做前面types and sub-types的定语。

[句子译文] 其原因之一就是成本：口蹄疫由一种病毒引发，该病毒有三个种类和十几个次种类，每个重复出现的种类有对应的疫苗，通常两年重复出现一次。 (2) Not even eternal vigilance on imports can keep a country free of foot-and-mouth disease: the latest outbreak was apparently caused by a breach of bio-security at the Pirbright laboratory complex in Surrey, where government researchers keep the live virus for vaccine research and Merial, an American animal-health company, manufactures vaccine for export. [主体句式] Not even eternal vigilance can keep a country free of…: the latest outbreak was caused by…

[结构分析]这是一个复杂句，where 引导的定语从句用来修饰前面的Surrey；where引导的定语从句是一个并列句构成的，government researchers keep … and Merial manufactures…

[句子译文] 对进口产品保持警觉也不能保证一个国家免于口蹄疫，最近的一次疫

情爆发显然是由于Surrey的Pirbright实验室复合体生物安全出现了问题，其中政府研究者保存了活的病毒以供疫苗研究，而美国动物健康公司Merial则制造疫苗以供出口。

题目分析：

1. Which one of the following statements is Not true of the foot-and-mouth disease in Briton in 2001? [A] The disease had never been effectively controlled throughout the event. [B] The policy of slaughtering animals to stop the disease spread proved to be a failure. [C] The slaughtering policy was arousing discontent among the public in Britons. [D] The government failed to take immediate actions of creating fire-break around the infected livestock. [答案] A

[难度系数] ☆☆☆

1. 关于英国2001年口蹄疫的情况,下列哪项陈述是错误的? [A] 该疾病在整个事件中从来没有得到有效的控制。 [B] 屠宰动物来阻止疾病传播的策略最终失败了。 [C] 处理该疾病的策略在英国公众中间引起了不满。 [D] 政府没有采取迅速的措施隔离染病的动物 [分析]细节题。据第一段，该疾病最终被消灭了，但是代价是巨大的，但不管如何，疾病被控制住了。因此A选项的表述是错误的，而该选项是正确的。B选

项，第一段提到这种政策不是很有效，因此可以说是失败了。C选项，第一段提到了这种政策没有效果，因此引起了更大范围的反感；D选项，文章第一段指出政府没有及时给染病的动物打预防针。因此，A选项为正确答案。 2. The new policy is different from the 2. 新的举措和2001年的政策的不同policy in 2001 in the following aspects 之处在于下列除_____外的其他地except_____ 方。 [A] the piles of animals will not be [A] 牧群不再被屠杀 slaughtered. [B] animals near the infected herb will be [B] 染病牧群附近的动物都注射了injected with vaccine. 疫苗 [C] a belt of quarantine with vaccinated [C] 依靠注射疫苗的动物形成一条animals will be erected. 隔离带 [D] it is paying more attention to prevention [D] 更加注重防御该流行病的爆发 of the outbreak of the epidemic. [答案] A

[难度系数] ☆☆☆

[分析] 细节题。根据第二段，新的举措主要是将染疫牧群旁边的动物注射疫苗，形成隔离带。A, 第二段提到了染病牧群还是会被屠宰掉，因此不是不同之处。B、C、D都是关于利用疫苗来进行防御的，符合题意。因此，答案为A选项。 3．Only a few countries have all of their animals injected with vaccines because of the following reason except_____ [A] it is unnecessary to vaccinate all the animals in counties in which there are little chances of infecting foot-and-mouth. [B] the cost of vaccines against all types of the virus causing the disease is very high. [C] vaccinated animals are less welcomed by importing countries. [D] the vaccine cost will be rising as types of virus causing the disease are increasing. [答案]D

[难度系数] ☆☆☆☆

[分析] 细节题。根据第四段，口蹄疫有一定的地方性，某些频繁暴发的地区就要给所有的动物注射疫苗，其他的地方就不一定了。A选项, 虽然文章没有明显地提到这一点，但是可以推理得到该结论；B、C选项第四段有提及；D选项，第四段没有提到这一点，只是提到由于病毒种类多，疫苗成本也高。因此，答案为D选项。

3. 只有少数一些国家将所有的动物都注射了疫苗，这是因为除了_____以外的原因。 [A] 在那些很少有机会感染口蹄疫的国家不需要将所有的动物都注射疫苗 [B] 要预防口蹄疫病毒所有种类的疫苗成本是很高的 [C] 注射了疫苗的动物不再为进口国家所接受 [D] 随着导致口蹄疫病毒种类的增加，预防疫苗的成本也增加了

[结构分析]这是一个复杂句。As引导的是原因状语从句；其中a new machine called …是前面Wonderland的同位语。

[句子译文] 相同的句子也出现在欧洲物理学家的嘴边，因为上个星期他们也证实

了自己的地下奇幻世界——一种叫做“大强子碰撞器”的新机器——将推迟到2008年5月份投入使用。这个推迟可能会他们的美国对手抢先发现西格斯介子的玻色子。

（2）Such haste may be wise, for rumours are circulating that physicists working at the Tevatron, which is based at Fermilab and is currently the world's most powerful collider, have been seeing hints of the Higgs boson.

[主体句式]Such haste may be wise, for rumours are circulating that physicists have benn…

[结构分析] 这是一个复杂句。that 引导的是同位语从句，修饰前面的rumours; which 引导的定语从句是用来修是Tevatron的。

[句子译文] 这样的速度可能是明智的，因为现在有谣言说在Tevatron工作的物理

学家已经看到了西格斯玻色子的迹象，Tevatron是位于Fermilab的目前世界上最强有力的碰撞器。

题目分析： 1. The sentences in Alice in Wonderland are cited in the first paragraph in order to _____ [A] illustrate that the new machine European physicists have invented is full of wonder. [B] describe the mood of the European physicists facing the delay of the Large Hadron Collider. [C] tell people that the European physicists will put off the presentation of their new machine. [D] reflect the public’s eagerness in using the Large Hadron Collider. [答案] C

[难度系数] ☆☆☆☆

1. 第一段引用了《爱丽丝漫游奇境记》中的句子是为了_____ [A] 说明欧洲物理学家发明的新机器充满了奇异。 [B] 描写欧洲物理学家在“大强子碰撞器”延误推出的心情。 [C] 告诉人们欧洲物理学家将要推迟展示其新机器。 [D] 反映了公众想要使用“大强子碰撞器”的急切心情。 [分析] 推理题。根据第一段，所引用的句子表明是“太晚了”，联系到物理学家要推迟推出新机器，可以看出这只是反映他们推迟了这个项目。因此，答案为

C选项。

2. The word “scoop” (Line 6, Paragraph 1) most probably means_____ [A] forestall. [B] defeat. [C] surpass. [D] vanquish. [答案]A

[难度系数] ☆

2. “scoop” (第一段第六行)最有可能的意思为_____ [A] 先于…行动。 [B] 击败。 [C] 超越。 [D] 征服。 [分析] 猜词题。根据上下文，美国的对手先发现西格斯介子的玻色子，就应该会抢在欧洲人前面，因此，答案为A选项。 3．Which one of the following statements is TRUE of Peter Higgs’ contribution in this field? [A] It was him who initiated the idea that there existed such a boson to make matter have mass. [B] He made the famous estimate that human beings would find out such a boson in the future. [C] He claimed with convincing evidence that America would outrun Europe in discovering the Higgs boson. [D] It was him who first discovered the boson which makes matter have mass. [答案] A

[难度系数] ☆☆☆

3. 关于Peter Higgs在该领域内的贡献，下列哪个陈述是正确的？ [A] 正是他首先提出这里存在着一种玻色子，令物质有质量。 [B] 他作出了人类在未来可以找到这种玻色子的著名预言。 [C] 他以令人信服的信息声称美国将先于欧洲发现Higgs玻色子。 [D] 正是他首先发现了令物质拥有质量的玻色子。 [分析] 细节题。根据第一段最后一句“This delay may enable their American rivals to scoop them by finding the Higgs boson—predicted 43 years ago by Peter Higgs of Edinburgh University to be the reason why matter has mass, but not yet actually discovered”，Peter Higgs只是预言玻色子是事物为什么有质量的原因，因此答案A为正确选项。

4. The schedule of the Large Hadron Collider has slipped repeatedly because of the following reason except_____ [A] the device of focusing beams of

4．“大强子碰撞器”的计划日程不断推后是因为出下列_____外的其他原因。 [A] 聚焦粒子束的装置出现了问题

particles was having a screw loose. [B] it took longer to cool down the superconductivity so that the collider could work normally. [C] it took a very long period to make eight sections cool down or regain temperature. [D] there happened a dramatic failure of a magnet assembly which was not beyond expectation [答案]B

[难度系数] ☆☆☆

[B] 需要比想象中更长时间才能把超导电性冷却下来，这样碰撞器材可以正常工作 [C] 需要很长的时间来让八个部分冷却下来或恢复温度 [D] 磁铁组出现了严重的问题，这并不是意料之外的 [分析] 细节题。根据文章第三段、第四段和第五段有关计划日程不断推后的原因，第三段提到了磁铁组出了问题，这是用来聚焦粒子束的四个装置之一， A、D选项的表述是这个原因；第四段和第五段提到了需要将八个部分冷却下来需要很长时间， C选项符合这点，B选项本身提法有问题，并不是超导电性需要冷却下来，而是超导电性需要低温，转而需要其他的部分冷却。因此，B选项是正确答案。

5. CERN’S management decided to have the machine’s first run accelerate its particles straight away because_____ [A] they are afraid that American researchers will get to see the Higgs boson ahead of them. [B] the safe-but-dull low-energy collision was too old fashioned. [C] they wanted to dispel the rumours that physicists at the Tevatron have been seeing hints of the Higgs boson. [D] they wanted to have a try of the new way of accelerating particles. [答案] A

[难度系数] ☆☆☆☆

5. CERN管理层决定第一次运行时将粒子直接加速，这是因为_____ [A] 他们担心美国研究者会在他们之前看到西格斯介子的玻色子。 [B] 安全但很迟钝的低能量碰撞太老套了。 [C] 他们想要打消说Tevatron的物理学家已经看到西格斯介子的玻色子的谣言。 [D] 他们想要尝试新的加速粒子的方法。 [分析] 推理题。根据第六段，为了加速进程才做出了这样的决定，结合第七段，说有传闻说Tevatron工作的物理学家已经看到了西格斯玻色子的迹象，欧洲还是怕美国超前，因此选择了这样的策略。因此正确答案为A选项。

参考译文：

“噢！噢！我可能太晚了！” 白兔在陷入奇幻世界中这样咕哝着，爱丽丝在后面跟着它。相同的句子也出现在欧洲物理学家的嘴边，因为上个星期他们也证实了自己的地下奇幻世界——一种叫做“大强子碰撞器”的新机器——将推迟到2008年5月份投入使用。这个推迟可能会他们的美国对手抢先发现西格斯介子的玻色子。爱丁堡大学的Peter Higgs在43年前就预言玻色子将是事物为什么有质量的原因，但是目前还没有真正发现这种玻色子。

大强子碰撞器是一个27公里长的环形粒子加速器，在日内瓦附近的欧洲粒子物理实验室CERN建成，目的就是为了寻找西格斯玻色子。最后在加速期开始工作时，它将成为世界上最强大的粒子碰撞器，也会成为世界上最昂贵的碰撞器，价值100亿瑞士法郎（80亿美元）。实验室本来希望可以在2005年就可以准备就绪，但其日程却不断推迟。

最近的一次推迟发生在三月底，是因为CERN美国部门在芝加哥附近的菲尔米国家加速器实验室提供的磁铁组出现了巨大的问题。该设备是在他们在实验区域内碰撞之前聚焦粒子束的四个装置之一。无可否认，出问题是由于一些极端的条件，但是机器运行正常时这种情况也会发生。磁体还没有修好，尽管物理学家已经知道应该如何处理了。

其他更小的故障使得问题更为复杂。八个部分都安装了加速器，每个都必须被冷却到一定温度，只比绝对零度高一点。这是因为用来加速粒子到高能量的磁铁依靠超导电性来工作，而超导电性需要极度的低温。不幸的是，八个部分的第一个就用了比预想要多得多的时间来冷却。

如果其余的七个部分却被冷却了，那么会出现更多的问题，开始使用机器的日期就会继续延迟。冷却每个部分大约要用一个月，而将其加温至原来的正常温度又需要一个月。如果每一个部分冷却下来都需要用一个月来检查问题的话，那么每一轮都会将开工日期缩短三个月。

为了加速进程（也为了加速粒子），CERN管理层上周决定取消11月份的工程运行计划。这使得机器不再通过一些安全但是迟钝的低能量碰撞来慢慢开始，而是立即将其粒子加速到高能量。

这样的速度可能是明智的，因为现在有谣言说在Tevatron工作的物理学家已经看到了西格斯玻色子的迹象，Tevatron是位于Fermilab的目前世界上最强有力的碰撞器。发现该玻色子的人一定会获得诺贝尔奖，当然会与西格斯博士一起分享。因此，随着成百上千的物理学家来兔子洞寻找奇幻世界的冒险，便出现了蜂拥而入的景象。

TEXT THREE

Whatever else, Airbus cannot be accused of failing to put on a brave face at this week's Paris Air Show, held every two years. Louis Gallois is the troubled European airframe-maker's third chief executive within 12 months. But still he declared: “I can tell you with full confidence that Airbus is back and fully back.” Supporting his confident public message was an extraordinary flow of orders and commitments for over 600 aircraft accumulated in time for the show by the firm's super-salesman, John Leahy.

Although it is heading for a second successive loss—last year it plunged

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