高考攻略阅读理解之七选五

第十讲 阅读理解之七选五

【该节分为两个部分：主干部分和选项部分。主干部分的原文约600词，其中有5段空白处，空白处的位置可能在段首、段中、段末。选项部分为7段文字，每段可能是一个句子，可能是两三个短句，也有可能是完整的段落。其中5段分属于主干部分的空白处。要求考生依据自己对文章的理解从选项中选择5段文字放回到文章中相应的5段空白处。其出题位置为：段首，段中，段尾。】

设空句式：

主题句：一般在句首位置 逻辑句：一般在句中位置 拓展句：一般在主题句后

篇目结构：

1）描述性结构 (主要介绍事物、问题的特点，对人物的描述如传记，包括人身体特征、家庭背景、成长过程、个性爱好、成就贡献等内容进行描述，因此时间、地点往往是出题重点) 2）解释性结构 (解释某一理论、学科、事物，主要用例子比喻、类比进行阐述) 3）比较性结构 (把两个人或事物功能、特点、优缺点进行对比) 4）因果性结构 (分析事物的成因，是客观的或主观的、直接的或间接的)

5）反驳性结构 (先介绍一种观点，然后对其评论或驳斥，然后分析其优点缺点、危害性、最后阐明自己的观点)

解题思路：

1) 从意思上判断

解题时要读懂空白前后的句子的确切意思，然后根据含义的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中筛选答案，再利用线索特征词等进一步确认答案。 2) 从词汇上锁定

解题时在选项中查找空白前后的同义词、近义词、反义词或表示同一类事物的词语；其次是代词、数词、地点和名称等逻辑线索词来寻找答案。 3) 从关联词上查找

解题时充分利用句段之间表示衔接和过渡的关联词、表示各种逻辑关系的信号词来选择答案。

解题步骤：

1. 看标题、副标题预测文章大意 2. 看选项，找出和文章相对应的关键词 3. 通读全文，查看主题句，分析结构 4. 看空前空后内容，分析之间的逻辑性 5. 代入答案，重点核查逻辑关系。

正确选项特征：

1、放进去句意是否通顺，这一点是基础。凡不通顺的必错无疑； 2、选项与其上句或下句之间有必然的逻辑关系； 3、选项全部内容都属于正确答案所在段；

4、选项中有单词、词组、句子成分或与所选答案所在段内容相匹配或重合。

解题技法：

1词汇复现法

复现，是文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述，从而使得同样的意思在文章不同的地方重复出现。复现关系，主要是指同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。 示例：

1）【2012辽宁卷】Start a conversation

Starting a conversation is the second most important step in making new friends. 72 You can always start the conversation. Being able to make small talk is a very useful skill in relating with other people. 73

Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship as these interests would always bring you and your friend together. Hanging out will always be a pleasant experience.

A. Be cheerful. B. Do things together. C. Do not wait to be spoken to.

D. Try not to find fault with your friends.

E. Making new friends comes easy for some people. F. For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch. G. So you will need to give your friend time to react to you.

Enjoy your friendship

The best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves. 75 Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be. Become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be to you. A. Be cheerful.

D. Try not to find fault with your friends.

E. Making new friends comes easy for some people. F. For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch. G. So you will need to give your friend time to react to you.

2）【2012北京】There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples. Humans are socially related by nature. __73__ Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high self-respect. Besides, empathy can be a cure for loneliness, sadness, anxiety, and fear. A. Everyone is different, and levels of empathy differ from person to person.

C.―One doesn’t develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking,‖ Freed says.

E. Empathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone else—both what they think and how they feel.

F. Good social skills—including empathy—are a kind of ―emotional intelligence‖ that will help you succeed in many areas of life.

G. Having relationships with other people is an important part of being human—and having empathy is decisive to those relationships.

Empathy is also an indication of a good leader. In fact, Freed says, many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers. __74__ “Academics are important. But if you don’t have emotional (情感的) intelligence, you won’t be as successful in work or in your love life,‖ she says.

F. Good social skills—including empathy—are a kind of “emotional intelligence” that will help

you succeed in many areas of life.

3）【2010北京】 ___75___ They say it's boring to hear the same songs all the time. But other people enjoy hearing Muzak in public places. They say it helps them relax and feel calm. One way or another, Muzak affects everyone. Some farmers even say their cows give more milk when they hear Muzak!

A. Some people don't like Muzak.

2词汇同现法

词汇同现是指属于同一词汇搭配范畴或者某一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。一般来说，上下文中词汇的范畴越小，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。 1）【2012辽宁】：Start a conversation

Starting a conversation is the second most important step in making new friends. 72 You can always start the conversation. Being able to make small talk is a very useful skill in relating with other people. A. Be cheerful. B. Do things together.

C. Do not wait to be spoken to. D. Try not to find fault with your friends.

E. Making new friends comes easy for some people. F. For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch. G. So you will need to give your friend time to react to you.

2）【2010上海】 Riding a London subway, a person from China will notice one major difference: In London, commuters (乘车上下班的人) don’t look at each other. __71__. That is not rudeness ---- people are just too busy to bother looking . A. Modern Londoner are fancy victims D. In fact, eye contact is avoided at all the time.

3代词线索法

英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。

1） 【2012北京】 Jennifer Freed, a co-director of a teen program, has another explanation. Turn on the TV, and you’re showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting, competing, and generally treating one another with no respect. __72__

There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples. Humans are socially related by nature. __73__ Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high self-respect. Besides, empathy can be a cure for loneliness, sadness, anxiety, and fear. A. Everyone is different, and levels of empathy differ from person to person.

B.That could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time, the researchers said.

C. ―One doesn’t develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking,‖ Freed says.

D. Humans learn by example—and most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic. E. Empathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone else—both what they think and how they feel.

F. Good social skills—including empathy—are a kind of ―emotional intelligence‖ that will help you succeed in many areas of life.

G. Having relationships with other people is an important part of being human—and having empathy is decisive to those relationships.

2）【2012全国】Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed:

1) Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to a trusted adult, such as a parent or other relatives. 72 They might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet. A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation. B. Notice your friends' feelings and find a way to help them. （指物） C. Different people feel stress in different ways D. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone. E. You need to figure out what the problem is. F. And don't forget about your friends. （指人）

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