404312B后桥托架加工工艺与工艺装备设计

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摘要

本文的论题为404312B型后桥托架的加工工艺与工艺装备设计。

本文第一部分为零件的介绍分析和各部分数据用量的计算。这部分内容介绍了零件的作用，零件材料以及技术要求。对加工工艺分析，加工工艺过程分析，工艺规程设计都有设计说明。文中确定了零件的生产类型，研究分析了工艺路线，安排零件加工的工序。对各道工序所需要的用时，进刀量等等都有详细的计算说明。

后部分是本文的重点所在，着重设计了加工后桥托架上的四个轴承孔的夹具，这四个孔有垂直度和同轴度的要求，所以对夹具的要求比较高。在这部分中，对夹具体的选用，夹具体整体结构的设计，夹具体的定位方式，定位误差分析都做了详细的论述和计算。在夹具体的设计中，对夹具体的选用，定位方式和夹紧方式的选择，定位原件和夹紧原件的选择作了设计说明，并确认了夹紧力的大小。对夹具体的各个主要零件，技术要求也做了分析和论述。具体内容见后章说明与图纸。

关键词：后桥托架；镗孔；夹具设计；

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本科毕业设计（论文）通过答辩

Abstract

This article was the subject of 404312 B-type bridge brackets after the processing technology and process equipment design.

Parts for the first part of this paper on the part of the data analysis and the amount of calculation. This part of the contents on the role of parts, materials and technical requirements for spare parts. Analysis of the processing technology, processing technology process analysis, process design that have a point of order design. In determining the types of parts production, research and

analysis of the process line, parts for the processing procedures. On the procedures needed to use, Feed and so on have a detailed description of the calculation.

After the part is the focus of this paper, focused on the design of the bridge after the processing of the four brackets on the fixture bearing holes, the four hole with a vertical and coaxial of the request, the request of the fixture relatively high. In this section, the selection of specific folder, the folder structure of the overall design of concrete, specific folder location, location error has done a detailed analysis of the exposition and calculation. In the specific folder in the design of specific folder on the selection, positioning methods and means clamping the choice, positioning and clamping Original Original design that made the choice, and that the clamping force size. Specific folder on each of the major parts, technical requirements are also analyzed and discussed. Xianhou specific contents of that chapter and drawings.

Key word: Rear axle of car bracket Boring Jig design

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本科毕业设计（论文）通过答辩

目 录

1绪论 .............................................................................................................................................. 1

1.1零件的分析 ........................................................................................................................ 1

1.1.1零件的作用 .............................................................................................................. 1 1.1.2零件的材料及技术要求 .......................................................................................... 1 1.1.3加工工艺过程分析 .................................................................................................. 1 1.1.3.1工艺基准选择的原则及注意的问题 ................................................................... 1 1.1.3.2工艺基准的选择原则 ........................................................................................... 2 1.1.3.3粗基准的选择 ....................................................................................................... 2 1.1.3.4精基准的选择 ....................................................................................................... 2 1.2零件工艺规程设计 ............................................................................................................ 3

1.2.1确定零件的生产类型 ............................................................................................. 3 1.2.2确定零件的毛坯制造形式 ...................................................................................... 3 1.2.3制定工艺路线 .......................................................................................................... 3 1.2.3.1工艺过程的安排 ................................................................................................... 3 1.2.3.2各主要表面的工序安排如下 ............................................................................... 4 1.2.4托架工艺路线方案一 .............................................................................................. 5 1.2.5工艺方案路线二 ...................................................................................................... 5 1.2.6工艺方案的比较与分析 .......................................................................................... 5

2 各部分数据用量计算 ................................................................................................................. 8

2.1确定机械加工余量，工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸 .................................................................... 8 2.2确定各工艺装备及切削用量 ............................................................................................ 9 2.3确定粗精镗的工时定额 .................................................................................................. 15

2.3.1粗镗2-?130H7孔 ................................................................................................ 15

2.3.2精镗2-?130K7孔 ................................................................................................ 15 2.3.3粗镗?135H7及?72K7孔 ................................................................................... 16

3夹具设计 .................................................................................................................................... 17

3.1概述 .................................................................................................................................. 17 3.2方案设计 .......................................................................................................................... 17

3.2.1夹具体方式的确定 ............................................................................................... 17 3.2.2定位方式及元器件选择 ....................................................................................... 18

3.2.2.1 定位器的作用和工作原理 ....................................................................... 18 3.2.2.2 定位销 ....................................................................................................... 18

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3.2.2.3定位误差分析和计算 .................................................................................... 18 3.2.3夹紧方式及元器件选择 ....................................................................................... 19 3.2.4夹紧力的确定 ....................................................................................................... 20 3.2.4.1夹紧力的方向 ................................................................................................ 20 3.2.4.2夹力作用点的选择 ........................................................................................ 20 3.2.5夹紧力的计算 ....................................................................................................... 20 3.2.5.1偏心轮的夹紧原理及其特性 ........................................................................ 20 3.2.5.2偏心夹紧的自锁条件 .................................................................................... 21 3.2.5.3 偏心轮工作段的选择和工作行程 ............................................................. 21 3.2.5.4 偏心轮夹紧力的计算 ................................................................................... 22 3.2.5.5 加工工件所需夹紧力的计算 ....................................................................... 22

3.3主要零件的设计说明 ...................................................................................................... 24

3.3.1夹具体 ................................................................................................................... 24 3.3.2偏心轮 ................................................................................................................... 25 3.3.3镗套 ....................................................................................................................... 26 3.3.4夹具的装配要求 ................................................................................................... 27 3.3.5 夹具的维护和保养 .............................................................................................. 27

4设计结论 .................................................................................................................................... 28 致谢 ............................................................................................................................................... 29 参考文献 ....................................................................................................................................... 30 附录一 ........................................................................................................................................... 31 附录二 ........................................................................................................................................... 42

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本科毕业设计（论文）通过答辩

1绪论

1.1零件的分析

1.1.1零件的作用

托架是汽车上的主要零件之一，按装在汽车后桥上，属于箱体类零件，其作用是保证各齿轮轴和传动轴之间的相互位置精度，从而保证质量齿合精度。

由于最终传动部件是直接驱动驱动轮的，其任务是进一步增加扭矩，降低转速，为满足工作要求所需的传动比是很大的，因此要求后桥托架：

1.具有足够饿刚度和抗震性，以适合恶劣的工作环境。 2.具有足够的强度，以承受较大的变载荷

3.具有良好的加工工艺性，以保证各主要孔和平面之间较高的位置精度要求及各表面本身的形状精度和尺寸精度

1.1.2零件的材料及技术要求

零件的材料：QT450-10 重 量：39.17㎏ 技术要求如下：

1. 未注铸造圆角R3-5，未注抽模角2°-3°

2. 孔?130K7和螺纹M135×3与轴承座装配后加工 3. 所有安装螺栓孔未加工，端面处需修正 4. 铸造经喷丸处理 5. 铸造精度等级选用7级 6. 未注明尺寸的公差按标准

1.1.3加工工艺过程分析

1.1.3.1工艺基准选择的原则及注意的问题

箱体零件常用典型定位方法是”一面两孔”其特点是:

(1)可以简单的消除工件的六个自由度，使工件获得稳定的加工位置。

(2)有同时加工5个面的可能既高度集中了加工工序，又有利于提高警惕各面上孔的位置精度。

(3)可使整个过程实现基准统一。

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