职称英语习题第二套

第二套

Part I Reading Comprehension

Directions: There are 4 passages in this section. Each followed by some questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A. , B. , C. , and D. . You should decide on the best choice.

Passage 1

Since most episodes of depression are triggered (引发) by life events or circumstances, the causes of depression are different for everyone. In a very 'general way, the direct answer to the question of what causes depression is; difficult circumstances. Understanding what's \is akin to understanding pain thresholds. What one person finds difficult, another may not.

What we know is that depression is on the rise—or at least, the diagnosis of depression is on the rise. Not unlike other illnesses or diseases, when there is awareness and \screening\for a particular condition fin this case, such screening is done through diagnostic catena listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, an often-criticized \symptoms published by the American Psychiatric Association), there is a rise in the number of cases reported. In other words, when you're looking for something, you'll find it Of course, not looking for something doesn't mean it isn't there. The question remains: Is it better to seek out depression and treat it, ending unnecessary suffering? Many health care practitioners would answer, \es!\

Although there is some agreement among health care providers that depression is a biological state—in that brain chemistry is altered in depressed people—it is unusual for this to occur in the absence of an environmental trigger, meaning a life event or chronic situation. This can be an actual emotional trauma, such as a divorce or death; unresolved traumas from the past that have been buried; repressed anger (a significant contributing factor for many women); stress from the workplace; physical illness; and a million other things. When a life event triggers depression, mental health experts refer to the condition as \

1. Generally speaking, depression is caused by ________. A. difficult situations B. bad news C. failure in exam D. the death of a relative

2. The word \A. difficult B. similar C. important D. necessary

3. The increase of the diagnosis of depression is mainly caused by ________ . A. the development of medicine

B. more funds for the research of depression C. people's awareness and active screening for it

D. the pressure of modern life

4. According to many health care practitioners, depression should be ________ . A. sought out and treated B. ignored and forgotten C. given immediate attention

D. diagnosed with modern equipment

5．According to the author, the important reason for many women to develop depression is ________ A. divorce or death

B. stress from the workplace C. physical illness D. repressed anger

Passage 2 Someone said that encouragement is simply reminding a person of the \the heritage he's been given. That's what happened when a young man, the son of a star baseball player, was drafted by one of the minor league teams. As hard as he tried, his first season was disappointing, and by midseason he expected to be released any day.

The coaches were bewildered by his failure because he possessed all the characteristics of a superb athlete, but he couldn't seem to incorporate those advantages into a coordinated effort. He seemed to have become disconnected from his potential.

His future seemed darkest one day when he had already struck out his first time at bat. Then he stepped up to the batter's box again and quickly ran up two strikes. The catcher called a time-out and trotted to the pitcher's mound for a conference. While they were busy the umpire, standing behind the plate, spoke casually to the boy.

Then play resumed, the next pitch was thrown and the young man knocked it out of the park. That was the turning point. From then on, he played the game with a new confidence and power that quickly drew the attention of the parent team, and he was called up to the majors.

On the day he was leaving for the city, one of his coaches asked him what had caused such a turnaround. The young man replied it was the encouraging remark the umpire had made that day when his baseball career had seemed doomed.

\explained. \in you; you have your father's arms.' After that, whenever I swung the bat, I just imagined I was using Dad's arms instead of my own.\

6. According to the passage, encouraging remarks help a person to realize __________ . A. the great successes he has achieved B. the experience he has accumulated C. the qualities he was born with D. the support he has received 7. The young man couldn't succeed at first probably because A. he didn't work hard enough B. he knew little about baseball C. he didn't realize his potentials D. he was not born to be an athlete

8. What brought about the turning point in his baseball career? A. The coaches' encouraging words. B. The umpire's casual remarks.

C. The pitch he knocked out of the park. D. The first time he struck out at bat.

9. After hearing the umpire's words, the young man felt A. Helpless

10. The main purpose of the passage is to tell us______. A. encouragement may change one's life B. athletes especially need encouragement C. the young man will have a bright future

D. people can never succeed without encouragement

Passage 3

Ever since humans have inhabited the earth, they have made use of various forms of communication. Generally, this expression of thoughts and feelings has been in the form of oral speech. When there is a language barrier, communication is accomplished through sign language in which motions stand for letters, words and ideas. Tourists, the deaf, and the mute have had to resort to this form of expression. Many of these symbols of whole words are very picturesque and exact and can be used internationally: spelling, however, cannot. Body language transmits ideas or thoughts by certain actions, either intentionally or unintentionally. A wink can be a way of flirting or indicating that the party is only joking. A nod signifies approval, while shaking the head indicates a negative reaction.

Other forms of nonlinguistic language can be found in Braille (a system of raised dots read with the fingertips), signal flags, Morse code, and smoke signals. Road maps and picture signs also guide, warn, and instruct people. While verbalization is the most common form of language, other systems and techniques also express human thoughts and feelings.

11.Which of the following best summarizes this passage?

A. When language is a barrier, people will find other forms of communication. A. Everybody uses only one form of communication. B. Nonlinguistic language is invaluable to foreigners.

C. Although other forms of communication exist, verbalization is the fastest. 12.Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage?

A. There are many forms of communication in existence today. B. Verbalization is the most common form of communication.

C. The deaf and mute do not need sign language for communication. D. Ideas and thoughts can be transmitted by language.

13. Which form other than oral speech would be most commonly used among blind people? A. Picture signs. B. Braille. C. Body language. D. Signal flags. 14. How many different forms of communication are mentioned here?

A. 2 – 4 B. 5 -7 C. 8-10 D. Over 10

15. Sign language is said to be very picturesque and exact and can be used internationally as it doesn't represent__________.

B. confident

.

D. bewildered

C. discouraged

A. spellings

B. whole words C. ideas D. feelings

Passage 4

Some people seem to have a knack for learning languages. They can pick up new vocabulary, master rules or grammar, and learn to write in the new language more quickly than others. They do not seem to be any more intelligent than others, so what makes language learning so much easier for them? Perhaps if we take a close look at these successful language learners we may discover a few of the techniques, which make language learning easier for them.

First of all, successful language learners are independent learners. They do not depend on the book or teacher; they discover their own way to learn the language. Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain, they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves. They are good guessers who look for clues and form their own conclusions. When they guess wrong, they start over. They try to learn from their mistakes.

Successful language learning is active learning. Therefore, successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language; they look for such a chance. They find people who speak the language and they ask these people to correct them when they make a mistake. They will try anything to communicate. They are not afraid to repeat what they hear or to say strange things; they are willing to make mistakes and try again. When communication is different, they can accept information that is inexact or incomplete. It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word.

Finally, successful language learners are learners with a purpose. They want to learn the language because they are interested in the language and the people who speak it. It is necessary for them to learn the language in order to communicate with these people and to learn from them. They find it easy to practice using the language regularly because they want to learn with it.

What kind of language learners are you? If you are a successful language learner, you have probably been learning independently, actively, and purposefully. On the other hand, if your language learning has been less than successful, you might do well to try some of the techniques outlined above. 16. What makes language learning easier for some people than for others, according to the text? A. Some people learn grammar more quickly than others. B. Successful language learners use special techniques. C. Some people have good teachers and good books.

D. Successful language learners are more intelligent than others. 17. How do successful language learners learn languages? A. They learn independently, actively and purposefully. B. They learn special techniques from their teachers.

C. They learn the rules and patterns of the language from books. D. They learn to think about the meaning of every word.

18. Why do successful language learners find it easy to practice using the language regularly?

A. They find it easy to communicate. B. They look for inexact information. C. They want to teach the language to others.

D. They want to learn from people who speak the language.

19. \of the techniques outlined above.\

A. Unsuccessful language learners should try the techniques of successful language learners. B. Less successful language learners try to use successful language learning techniques. C. Language learning is less successful if you use these techniques. D. Less successful language learning is the result of using these techniques.

20. According to the passage, what does the word \

A. attitude B. intelligence

C. code

D. ability

Part II Vocabulary and Structure

Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.

1. He __________impatiently in his seat during the long speech by the Dean. A. shifted B. sifted C. arouse D. raised 2. He is always __________ at the sound of fire alarms. A. panicked B. panicking C. panic D. panicks 3. ____________ the coming National Holiday, I can’t concentrate on my study.

A. Think of B. Thought of C. At the idea of D. As

4. Since China has entered the WTO, the_____________ on foreign businesses will gradually be

reduced.

A. restrictions B. interaction C. opportunity D. project

5. It would be wrong to __________ the development of industry at the cost of polluting

environment. A. inspire s B. pursue C. obtaining D. improved

6. Professor Stephen Hawking’s disability and academic achievements __________ many young

people to study hard. A. inspire B. pursue C. obtains D. improves

7. Ever since that unhappy incident, I have tried to ________ any further conflict with him.

A. ignore B. secure C. tend D. avoid 8. To __________ a happy mood is very important in one’s study and work.

A. adjust B. handle C. depress D. maintain

9. Not only does Mary attend class regularly, but she also _____________ in extracurricular

activities frequently. A. participates B. undertakes C. intends D. recommends 10. It ___________ that the kids had spent the whole day playing video games.

A. seems like B. looks like C. turned out D. turned in 11. The injury of their key player could be a(n) __________ factor in the game.

A. decisive B. decision C. decided D. decisively 12. Britain’s poor economic performance was a cause for the growing public ________.

A. complain B. terrible C. heap D. concern 13. __________ measures should be taken to prevent such accidents.

A. Efficient B. Effective C. Relevant D. Virtually

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