by+v-ing结构

[简析] “by+v-ing”结构

在这个结构中,by是介词,意为“以……方式”、“以……方法或手段”,by 之后常接v-ing 或名词。这种结构在句子中用作方式状语,所表示的方法、手段、途径比较抽象,译成汉语时常为“通过,借助, 用,由”等。如: We learn English by reading aloud.

我们通过大声朗读学习英语。

You can turn on the recorder by pressing the button. 你可以通过按这个按钮来打开录音机。 She learned English well by listening to the radio.

她借助听收音机学英语学得很好。

[链接] “by +名词”结构

当by后接名词时,常有下列三种情况:

1. 用 “by+交通工具的名词”,如:by train乘火车/by plane 乘飞机等。 2. 用 “by+交通路线的名词”,如: by air乘飞机/by sea从海路等。 3. 用 “by+通讯工具的名词”,如:by e-mail通过电子邮件等。

注意:这些名词一律用单数形式,其前也通常不加限定词。但要注意的是:by bus=in a bus.

[拓展] 英语中表示“通过;用……(方式)”,除用by 外,还有with, in, through和动词use,但它们在用法和结构上有区别: www.ryedu.net 1. with+有形的工具名词。如: The robber was killed with a gun.

强盗被枪打死了。

2. in+某种方式或语言名词。如:

He spoke in a loud voice so that all the class could hear him. 他用很高的声音讲课以便全班都能听见。 What’s this in English?

这用英语怎么说?

3. through+空间名词。如:

Through the kitchen window, I saw the mailman walking up to the house. 通过厨房的窗子,我看到邮递员朝房子走来。 4. use是动词,在句中作谓语。如: May I use your dictionary?

我可以用你的字典吗?

巩固精练: Ⅰ. 选择填空

1. ——____ do you tell him about the event? ——By ____ e-mail.

A. How; sending B. How; send

C. What; sending D. What; send

2. More and more people in Beijing are able to talk and write ____ English these days.

A. on B. in C. to D. at 3. The sunlight was coming ____ the window. A. through B. with C. in D. by 4. What will you buy ____ the money?

A. through B. with C. use D. by 5. ——How does your father often go to work? ——____.

A. By a car B. In a car C. By car D. B and C

Ⅱ. 根据汉语意思,完成下列各句,每空词数不限。 1. 她是通过制作单词认读卡片学习英语单词的。

She learned English words _______________________. 2. 我是靠与朋友进行会话的方式学习的。

I study ________________________________________. 3. 我们通过读大量英文报纸学习英语的。

We learn English _____________________________. 4. 她是通过看英语电视节目学习英语的。

She studied English ____________________________. 5. 你是靠参加小组的方式学习英语的吗?

Do you learn English ________________________? 6. 她通过朗读来练习发音。

She practices pronunciation ______________________. 7. 我可以用一下你的MP4吗?

May I ______________________? 8. 你能用简单的英语回答这个问题吗?

Can you answer the question _____________________?

Key:

Ⅰ.1.A 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.D Ⅱ.1.by making flashcards

2.by having conversations with friends 3.by reading lots of English newspapers 4.by watching English programs on TV 5.by working with a group 6.by reading aloud 7.use your MP4 8.in simple English

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