将来完成,进行,完成进行时态

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现在完成时 习题

1. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice______he came to Yunnan.

A. after B. before C. since D. for

析:主句用的是现在完成时,而从句用的是一般过去时,故选C。 2. Tom______the CD player for two weeks.

A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has had

析:A、B、C均为非延续性动词,在肯定句中不与表"段时间"的短语连用,故选D。

3. I______a letter from him since he left.

A. didn't receive B. haven't got C. didn't have D. haven't heard

析:据since可知,应排除A、C,"hear from sb.=receive/get/have a letter from sb."意为"收到某人的来信",故选B。

三、考查have/has been (to, in)/have/has gone (to)的区别。如:

1. -Have you ever______Lintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors? -Yes, I have.

A. went to B. gone to C. been in D. been to

析:据句中的have,排除A,B项意为"去某地了",C项意为"一直呆在某地",D项意为"去过某地",符合题意,故选D。 2. My parents ______ Shangdong for ten years.

A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been 析:本题句中有"for+段时间"结构,据此可排除C,B项意为"去过某地",不合

将来进行时: 概念:表示要在将来某一时间开始,并继续下去的动作。一般用延续性动词表示。常用来表示礼貌的询问、请求或期待等。

一、将来进行时的构成

将来进行时由“will be+现在分词”构成。如:

I’ll be doing jobs about the house tomorrow 明天我将要干些家务活。

I’ll be staying late at the office this evening. 我将在办公室里待到比较晚。

二、将来进行时的主要用法

1. 将来进行时表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作 Hurry up!The guests will be arriving at any minute! 快! 客人就要来了!

A space vehicle will be circling Jupiter in five years’ time. 航天器5年后将绕木星飞行。 Don’t phone me between 5 and 6. We’ll be having dinner then. 五点至六点之间不要给我打电话,那时我们在吃饭。 When I get home, my wife will probably be watching television. 当我到家时,我太太可能正在看电视。

2. 将来进行时表示表示按时划或安排要发生的动作

I will be seeing you next week. 我下个星期来看你。

I’ll be taking my holidays soon. 不久我将度假了。

We shall be going to London next week. 下周我们要去伦敦。

We’ll be spending the winter in Australia. (=we are spending) 我们将在澳大利亚过冬。 Professor Craig will be giving a lecture on Etruscan pottery tomorrow evening. (=is giving) 克雷格教授明晚作关于伊特拉斯坎陶器的讲演。

3. 将来进行时表示委婉语气

Will you be having some tea? 喝点茶吧。

Will you be needing anything else? 你还需要什么吗?

试比较:

When will you finish these letters? 你什么时候会处理完这些信件? (如上司对下属) When will you be seeing Mr White? 你什么时候会见到怀特先生? (如下属对上司)

有时这两种结构在意义上确实不同,例如:

Mary won’t pay this bill. 玛丽不付账。(她拒绝付账)

Mary won’t be paying this bill. 玛丽不会付账。(将来)

Will you join us for dinner? 你来和我们一起吃饭好吗? (邀请)

Will you bejoining us for dinner? 你会和我们一起吃饭吗? (将来)

Won’t you come with us? 你和我们一起去好吗? (邀请)

Won’t you be coming with us? 你会和我们一起去吗? (将来)

三、将来进行时与一般将来时的区别 1. 两者基本用法不一样 将来进行时表示将来某时正在进行的动作,一般将来时表示将来某时将要发生的动作: What will you be doing this time tomorrow? 明天这个时候你会在做什么呢?

What will you do tomorrow? 你明天干什么?

2. 两者均可表示将来,但用将来进行时语气更委婉,比较:

When will you finish these letters? 你什么什候处理完这些信件?(直接询问,如上司对下属)

When will you be seeing Mr White? 你什么时候见怀特先生?(委婉地询问,如下属对上司)

When will you pay back the money? 你什么时候还钱?(似乎在直接讨债) When will you be paying back the money? 这钱你什么时候还呢?(委婉地商量)

3. 有时一般将来中的will含有“愿意”的意思,而用将来进行时则只是单纯地谈未来情况:

Mary won’t pay this bill. 玛丽不肯付这笔钱。(表意愿)

Mary won’t be paying this bill. 不会由玛丽来付钱。(单纯谈未来情况)

练习:

.I’m afraid I won’t be available.

I-------a friend off at o’clock this afternoon. ( )

A.see B.am seeing C.will see D.will be seeing

4.Next Friday I will go to another concert .They ____some thing by Mozart at that time ( )

A.play B.will be playing C.are going to play D.are to play.

将来完成时:

表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。

一、 将来完成的构成

将来完成时的构成方法是“will have +过去分词”。如:

Hopefully after three years at university I will have matured. 希望3年大学生活之后我能变成熟。

Only five short years later, your money will have grown by $94,000. 仅短短 5 年时间后,你的钱就会增多 94,000 美元。

He will have been heartened by the telephone opinion poll published yesterday. 他会为昨天公布的电话民意调查结果感到鼓舞。

二、将来完成的用法

1. 表示“将来完成”

即表示到将来某个时间为止势必会完成或预计要完成的动作。如:

When we get there, she’ll have gone to work. 我们到那里时她会已上班去了。

I expect you will have changed your mind by tomorrow. 我预料到明天你就会改变主意了。

2. 表示“持续”

即表示某种状况将一直持续到说话人所提及的某一将来时间。如:

We will have been married a year on June 25th. 到6月25日我们俩结婚就满1年了。 By this time next week, I will have been working for this company for 24 years. 到下星期此刻,我就已经为该公司干了24年了。

3. 表示“推测

即表示根据某情况作出的推测。如:

That will have been Roland. He said he’d be back at 7. 准是罗兰。他说他7点钟回来。 There will have been a definite result before Friday. 星期五以前肯定会有结果。

三、现在完成时、过去完成时与将来完成的区别

1. 以现在时间为参照点,表示在“现在”以前完成的动作或持续到“现在”的状态;

2. 过去完成时则以过去时间为参照点,表示在“过去”某一时间以前发生的动作或持续到“过去”某一时间的状态;

3. 则以将来时间为参照点,表示在“将来”某一时间为止已经完成的动作或持续到“将来”某一时间的状态。

请看例句:

He has finished writing his novel. 他已写完了他的小说。

He had finished writing his novel by the end of last year. 去年年底他就写完他的小说。 He will have finished writing his novel by the end of next year. 到明年年底他就会写完他的小说了。

与一般现在时代替一般将来时一样,在表示时间或者条件的状语从句,通常要用现在完成时来表示将来完成时,而不能直接使用将来完成时:

I will go with you when I have finished my work. 等我完成工作之后我就同你去。 若不强调动作的完成(且不至于引起歧义),有时也可用一般现在时:

I will go with you when I finish my work. 我完成工作后就同你去。

练习: 1. By the time Jane gets home his aunt ______ for London to attend a meeting.

A. will leave B. leaves

C. will have left D. mind

时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来,by加将来时间与将来完成时连用。

2. On her next birthday, Ann ______ married for twenty years.

A. is B. has been

C. will be D. will have been

表示到将来某时(her next birthday)为止势必会完成的情况,英语要用将来完成时,

3. —I hear that Jason is planning to buy a car.

—I know. By next month, he _______ enough for a used one.

A. will have saved B. will be saving

C. has saved D. saves

根据句中的by next month可知空格处应填将来时态,故可排除C和D;至于是选A还是B,则需根据句意来确定,由于前文已说“正准备买车”,说明存钱已经存够了,故不宜选B。句意为:“我听说詹森计划要买一辆车。”“我知道,到下个月,他积蓄的钱就够买一辆二手车了。”

将来完成进行时

一、将来完成进行时的用法

将来完成进行时表示某一动作从某一时间开始一直延续到将来某一时间(即说话者人提及的时间),是否继续下去,要视上下文而定。如:

By this time next week, I will have been working for this company for 24 years. 到下星期此刻,我已经为该公司干了24年了。

If we don’t hurry up the store will have been closing before we get there. 咱们若不快一点儿,等我们到了那儿,店门就会关了。

二、将来完成进行时的构成

将来完成进行时由“will / shall have been+现在分词”构成。

By the end of this year he’ll have been acting for thirty years. 到今年年底他当演员就满30年了。

I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year. 到今年年底,我在这个工厂工作就有20年了。

三、将来完成进行时连用的时间状语

与将来完成进行时连用最多的时间状语时是“by+将来时间”,见上面的例子。当然除“by+将来时间”外,连用其他的时间状语也是可能的。如:

He will have been working all day. 他整天将都在工作。

She will have been having treatment all her life. 她将终生受到治疗。

I’ll have been teaching for thirty years this winter. 到今年冬天我就已任教三十年了。

六、将来完成进行时与将来完成时比较

将来完成进行时与将来完成时的关系和现在完成进行时与现在完成时的关系一样。即在以下情况下可以用将来完成进行时而不用将来完成时:

1. 动作本身就是连续的:

By the end of the month he will have been living / working / studying here for ten years. 到了月底他在这里居住 / 工作 / 学习就满十年了。

2. 一种经常进行的动作被表示为连续的动作:

By the end of this month he will have been training horses / climbing mountains for twenty years. 到了这个月底他驯马 / 登山就满 20年了。

但是如果提到所驯马匹或所攀登的山峰的数目,或用任何方式把动作分割为一次又一次的动作,就必须用将来完成时:

By the end of the month he will have trained 600 horses / climbed 50 mountains. 到本月底,他驯服的马就有600匹 / 攀登的山峰就有50座了。

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