宾语从句

宾语从句 (要决：语序正常，时态一致) 一、明确三种类型

宾语从句根据其引导词的不同可分为三种类型：

1. 由连词that引导的宾语从句，如：He said (that) it was Sunday yesterday.

2. 由连词if/whether引导的宾语从句，如：Could you tell me if /whether there will be a test next week? 3. 由 which, when等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句，如：I don’t know how I can get there. 二、 理顺转换步骤

把两个单句组成含有宾语从句的复合句时，合并变化应遵循以下四大要素： 1. 确定引导词（连接词）

根据从句的句子类型选择正确的引导词。若从句为陈述句，则引导词为that(that在口语中常省略)；若从句是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句，则引导词为if或whether；若从句是特殊疑问句，则引导词由疑问词转化而来的疑问代词/副词。 2. 调整语序

宾语从句永远是陈述句语序。若原句是疑问句式，则应将它调整为陈述句语序。 (追踪练习)

1) Is he going to the shop? I want to know. (改为含宾语从句的复合句)

2) When does he get up? Do you know? (改为含宾语从句的复合句) 3. 变换时态

A. 若主句谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句可根据实际情况选用所需要的任何时态。 1) He says (that) he will finish the work tomorrow. 2) I think (that) they have already gone to Beijing.

B. 若主句谓语动词是一般过去时，则宾语从句动词的时态用过去时的某种形式

(时态变化规律：一般现在时→一般过去时，现在进行时→过去进行时，一般将来时→过去将来时，

一般过去时→过去完成时，现在完成时→过去完成时，过去完成时→过去完成时。)

(追踪练习)

1) “Are you leaving for Shanghai soon?” She asked him.

2) “What did you do last night?” I asked Mary.

4. 变化人称 (要诀为：一从主，二从宾，三不变)

宾语从句的句子的主语如果是第一人称，则随主句的主语变（主句主语是第几人称，则宾语从句的主语变为第几人称）；如果是第二人称，则随主句的宾语变（主句宾语是第几人称，则宾语从句的主语

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变为第几人称）；如果是第三人称，则不要变（宾语从句的主语仍用第三人称）。

(追踪练习)

1) Shall I go there? He asked me. (改为含宾语从句的复合句)

2) Will you go there? He asked me. (改为含宾语从句的复合句)

3) Will she go there too? He asked me. (改为含宾语从句的复合句)

三、 加强三点注意 1. 时态不变

当宾语从句的内容是客观事实或科学真理等时，不论主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时态。 (追踪练习)

1) “The earth goes around the sun.” The teacher said to the students. (改为宾语从句)

2) “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.” My father told me. (改为宾语从句)

2. “两副面孔”

if和when等既能引导宾语从句，又能引导状语从句。若引导的是宾语从句，它们的时态常用一般将来时；若引导的是状语从句，它们的时态常用一般现在时 (主将从现)。

(追踪练习)

1) I don’t know if/when he _____________ tomorrow. (come) (__________从句) 2) If/When he ______________, he’ll tell you about it. (come) (__________从句) 3. 从句的简化

A. 当主句谓语动词为hope, wish, decide, choose, agree等，且主句与从句主语相同时，

从句可简化为不定式结构, 如decide to do sth.。

B. 当主句谓语动词为hear, see, watch等感官动词时，从句常简化为如see sb. do sth./doing sth. C. 在连接代/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语相一致时， 宾语从句可简化为“wh- + to do sth.”结构。 (追踪练习)

1) He agreed that he could help me with my English.

2) I heard that some children were singing some songs.

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3) I don’t know what I should do.

几点注意：

1． 情态动词might/should/could/would/must不需变化。 2． 时间状语与部分词语的变化：

now → then, today → that day, yesterday → the day before last week → the week before , tomorrow →the next day, the following day, next year → the next year, here → there, this→ that, these →those, come →go, bring→ take. 3． Could you please tell me只是一种礼貌用法，并非过去时，宾语从句无需变换时态。

---Could you tell me what he does? --- He is an engineer. 4． 疑问词作宾语从句主语时，无需考虑语序问题。

I don’t know what happened to him?

Do you know what is wrong/the matter with him? Can you tell me who will give us a talk? 5． 巧记句型变化： 直接引语 转述陈述句 转述一般疑问句 转述特殊疑问句 转述祁使句

(巩固练习) 将下列直接引语转换为间接引语。

变化四要素：人称(一从主，二从宾，三不变)，引导词，时态，语序。

一．祁使句系列 (不用考虑引导词，said to sb. ? told/asked sb. (not) to do sth.)

1. “Please pass me the plates, Tom.” Mum said.

2. The teacher said to the students, “Please hand in your homework after class.” 3. The policeman said to the children, “Don’t play in the street.” 4. Mr. Brown said, “Don’t make such a mistake again, Mary.”

二．陈述句系列 (that引导, 从句时态随主句谓语动词变化，即主句谓动为said,

从句时态改为对应的过去时态，但客观真理不变时态)

1. “Dick is the tallest in our class.” Mike said to his mum. 2. “My sister likes music very much.” He said. 3. “We have lived here for ten years.” She said.

间接引语 用that引导的宾语从句 用if/whether引导的宾语从句 (从句用陈述句语序) 用原来的特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句 (从句用陈述句语序) 用句型tell/ask sb. (not) to do sth. 3

4. Mr. Green said to the boys, “There are at least seven colours in the light.” 5. “I will tell you as soon as I see you tomorrow.” Sally said to Tom. 6. “My sister is playing music now.” Jim told me . 7. “Seeing is believing.” The teacher told us.

8. “I would rather stay at home on holidays.” The boy always says.

三．一般疑问句系列 (if/whether引导, 从句时态也随主句谓语动词变化，语序为陈述句语序，

助动词do, does, did不再出现句中)

1. “Will he come tomorrow?” We don’t know.

2. “Did you see anybody in the park last night?” The police asked the man. 3． “Would you go with me or stay at home?” David asked Mary.

4． “Does the light travel faster than the sound?” The little boy asked his father. 5． “Are you watching TV now?” I asked Tom.

6． Will you choose the red one or the blue one? The shopkeeper asked me.

7． Are you able to repair the spaceship? The scientist asked the boy.

8. Did you hand in the project yesterday? The teacher asked the student.

9．Do you like reading books? He asked Kelly.

10．“Could you help me with the work?” he asked.

四．特殊疑问句系列 (原疑问词引导, 从句时态也随主句谓语动词变化，语序为陈述句语序。)

1. “What do you usually do at the weekend?” She asked me. 2. “How can I get to the station?” He asked the police. 3. “Where did he go?” I want to know.

4. “How much does this book cost?” He wanted to know.

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5. “Which one would you like?” Mum asked me. 6. “How many cards did you get?” She wanted to know. 7. Who are you writing to? He asked me.

8. How soon are you going back tomorrow? Sally asked Tom.

9. Whose child are you looking for? The police asked the woman.

10. “How long have you studied English?” I asked him.

五．将复合句改成简单句: (主句从句是同一主语，则可以简化为疑问词+ to do) 1. I don’t know what I should do next. 2. I don’t know how I can play the violin.

3. Can you tell me where I can get a dictionary? 4. I wonder who I should ask for help.

5. I don’t know whether I should discuss it with my parents or not. 6. She has no idea where she should spend her holiday. 7. They want to know what medicine they should take. (综合练习)

一．根据所给提示完成下列句子：

1．Mr. Li said that he ________ _________ the book before. (read) 2. When we reached the station, the train ________ _________. (leave)

3. He_______ ________ a teacher for many years before he became a writer. (become) 4. He doesn’t know ________ _______ _________ _________ Beijing. (什么时候去) 5. Mary told John ______ _______ ________ so much. (不要担心) 6. Miss Liu asked me why I _______ _______ _______ class. (上学迟到)

7. Sam asked me if I often ________ _______ _______ when I ______ at school. (上学时骑车) 8. My father told me that he _______ _________ Beijing many times. (visit) 9. Classes _______ _______ when I ________ to school. (到达时上课了)

10. The whole family planned that they ________ _______ dinner together at the coming weekend. 11. Tom said he _______ _________ as soon as he _________ his homework. (一完成就过来) 12. Bill said he ________ _________ a model plane if he ________ time. (有时间就会做) 13. When Alex got to the office, the meeting _______ _______ _______ for 20 minutes. (开始) 14. When I arrived at the station, the train ________ ________ ________ for 5 minutes. (离开) 15. You should tell the police what you _______ ________ at about 10 last night. (do)

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(have) 16. I felt really sorry for what I ______ ________. (do)

17.He told me that he ______ _______ ________ snakes before. (never eat) 18. The salesman asked me what he _______ ________ for me. (can do) 19. I asked him if he usually _________ morning exercises. (do)

20. He said he ________ _________ today, but we haven’t seen him yet. (come) 二．单项选择：

1. I heard your brother _____________ to England. A. goes B. had gone C. to go D. go 2. He said he _________ at home if it __________.

A. would stay, rains B. will stay, rains C. would stay, rained D. stayed, rained 3. ---A: “Can you tell me the way to the hospital?” ---B: What did he ask? --- C: He asked me ___________ the way to the hospital.

A. if I can tell him B. whether could I tell him C. if I could tell him D. if I tell him 4. He told me he __________ care of my pet dog while I was away. A. will take B. would take C. takes D. has taken 5. We wonder ______________.

A, when will she come back B. when she comes back C. when she will come back D. when did she come back 6. She said to me that they __________ us with the work the next morning. A. will help B. helps C. is helping D. would help 7. He asked me what __________ English for.

A. do I study B. did I study C. I studied D. I am studying 8. She told me that she __________ her homework the day before. A. finishes B. finished C. has finished D. had finished 9. The teacher told us ___________ late for school.

A. don’t be B. didn’t be C. not to be D. not be 10. How long _______ the film _________ when we got to the cinema? A. did, begin B. has, begun C. had, begun D. had, been on

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