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MATERIAL FOR IELTS-WRITING COURSE FOR IELTS The Bible to IELTS Writing [雅思写作策略总则] ? 知己知彼,百战不殆---明确英汉思维模式差异 ? 重拾自信---任何题目都是我们熟知的，不要怕

? 写作基于表达---用最好的框架及内容,语言应对规定式作文 ? 笔记为王---自己的笔记才是最好的资料 ? 动动手---写和不写, 差距不是一点点

一、图表作文：(150 words, 20minutes)

1.考察类型 A.柱形图 (Bar Chart) B.饼图 (Pie Chart) C.线形图(Curve Chart) D.流程图(Flow Chart) E.表格(Table) F.地图(Map)

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2.写作总体框架 Para 1, This is a _____chart above, which demonstrates the number of_____ from 1999 to 2014.

如果两个图，则：There are two charts above, the _____ of which describes the number of _____, and the _____ illustrates the figure of ____.

Para 2, From the ____chart we can see that the number of ______ varies constantly in 2000. Moreover, as we can see from the second chart, there is a dramatic decrease of the figure of ______ during the period of 1999 to 2014. ……. …….

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3.常用的词汇概述上升：increase, rise, ascend, soar, go up, climb

下降: decrease, fall, drop, descend, decline, reduce, lessen, go down

平稳:stable, steady ,remain/maintain, keep/be the same as/similar to/ level off 波动:fluctuate /fluctuation, up and down 占:occupy, , account for, make up, be shared by

相比: by contrast, on the contrary, compared with/comparing with 最高点:the highest, the top, the summit, the peak 达到顶峰: come to the highest/ mount to/peak 最低点:bottom/rock bottom 反弹：recover 平均: average

趋势:tendency, trend, inclination 预见:prediction

而:while, however, whereas, meanwhile, on the other hand, actually/in fact 4. 图表分类强化第一篇饼状图写作要点：

1. 介绍各扇面及总体的关系，即比例

2. 各个扇面之间的比较，同类扇面在不同时间，不同地点的比较 3. 重点突出特色最明显的扇面：最大的，最小的，互相成倍的 4. 有时需要分类描述

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描写句式: 1. It is clear that the most + 主题词 is A, which accounts for ___% of all 主题词. 2. B is the next largest + 主题词, ___% lower than A of all 主题词 and followed closely by C.

3. By contrast, D, E and F make the smallest percentage of total 主题词, which are ___%, ___% and ___% respectively.

4. In 1950, the urban population represented less than 13% of the total. It is now about 40% and is expected to reach 60% by 2030. (摘自BBC) 常用表达：倍数和比例的表达：

a quarter of ……; half of ……; a majority of ……

double; triple (这二个词都可以做名词，动词和形容词) 1. 用形容词表示甲是乙的几倍时，用下面三个句型（1）……倍数+形容词（或副词）的比较级+than

This rope is twice longer than that one．这根绳的长度是那根绳的三倍。（比那根绳长二倍）

This hall is five times bigger than our classroom．这个大厅比我们的教室大五倍。（是我们教室的六倍）

（2）……倍数+as+形容词（或 much）或副词+as

Asia is four times as large as Europe．亚洲的面积是欧洲的四倍。 This big stone is three times as heavy as that one．这块大石头的重量是那一块的三倍。（这块石头比那块重二倍）

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The plane flew ten times as high as the kite．那架飞机飞行高度是那个风筝的十倍。（高出九倍）

（3）……倍数+the size（length，height…）of

This street is four times the length of that street．这条街是那条街的四倍长。

This hill is four times the height of that small one．这座山的高度是那座小山的四倍。（比那座小山高三倍） 2. 要用名词表示“量”的倍数时：

……倍数+as many（或much）+名词+其他+as…

After the technique was introduced，the factory produced twice as many tractors in 1988 as the year before．采用新的技术以后，那个工厂1988年生产的拖拉机是前一年（1987年）的两倍。（比前一年增长一倍） There is three times as much water in this pot as in that one．这个壶里的水（量）是那个壶里的三倍。相似和不同的表达：

A has something in common with B A shares some similarity with B

The difference between A and B lies in ……

参看考官范文，研习遣词造句

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.

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You should write at least 150 words.

In this analysis above there are three pie charts, the first of which is headed

?World Spending?, the second is ?World Population? and the third is ?Consumption of Resources.?

In the first chart we can see that people spend most of their income (24%) on food. In some countries this percentage would obviously be much higher. Transport and then housing are the next major expenses at 18% and 12% respectively. Only 6% of income is spent on clothing.

In the second chart entitled ?World Population?, it is not surprising to find that 57% of people live in Asia. In fact China and India are two of the most populated countries in the world and they are both situated on this continent. Europe and the Americans account for nearly 30% of the total, whilst 10% of

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people live in Africa.

Finally, the third chart reveals that the USA and Europe consume a huge 60% of the world?s resource.

To sum up, the major expenditure is on food, the population figures are the highest for Asia and the major consumers are the USA and Europe. (182 words)

参看考官范文，研习遣词造句

The two graphs show that oil was the major energy source in the USA in both 1980 and 1990 and that coal, natural gas and hydroelectric power remained in much the same proportions. On the other hand, there was a dramatic rise in nuclear power, which doubled its percentage over the ten years.

Oil supplied the largest percentage of energy, although the percentage decreased from 42% in 1980 to 33% in 1990. Coal in 1990 was the second largest

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source of energy, increasing its proportion to 27% from 22% in the previous decade. Natural gas, the second largest source in 1980 at 26%, decreased its share very slightly to provide 25% of America?s energy ten years later. There was no change in the percentage supplied by hydroelectric power which remained at 5% of the total energy used. Nuclear power boasts the greatest change: in 1990 it was 10%, which is twice as much as that of the 1980s. (152 words)

第二篇曲线图[柱状图] 写作要点： 1．曲线图和柱状图都是动态图，解题的切入点在于描述趋势。

2．在第二段的开头部分对整个曲线进行一个阶段式的总分类，使写作层次清晰，同时也方便考官阅卷。接下来再分类描述每个阶段的specific trend，同时导入数据作为分类的依据。

3．趋势说明。即，对曲线的连续变化进行说明，如上升、下降、波动、持平。以时间为比较基础的应抓住“变化”：上升、下降、或是波动。其中对两个或两个以上的变量进行描述时应在此基础上进行比较，如果变量多于两个，应进行分类或有侧重的比较。

4．极点说明。即对图表中最高的、最低的点单独进行说明。 5．交点说明。即对图表当中多根曲线的交点进行对比说明。

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1.表示向上：increase，rise，improve，grow，ascend，mount， go up，climb， take off， jump，shoot up暴涨，soar， skyrocket

2.表示上升后保持平稳：flatten out(下降或升高后变平)， level off 举例：人口上升后保持平稳：the number of population mounted to 2M and leveled off.

3.表示复苏（下降后再上升）：recover，bounce back

举例：人口下降后复苏：the number of population decreased and recovered. 4.表示下降：decrease，decline，descend，drop， fall，go down，come down，collapse， crash， fall off， slump， plummet垂直， plunge突然， slide，shrink, dwindle, diminish

5.表示下降后保持平稳：bottom out，flatten out(下降或升高后变平) 举例：人口下降后保持平稳：the number of population decreased and bottomed out.

6.表示稳定或水平：remain steady/constant，stay stable, stabilize，flatten out(下降或升高后变平)， level off， stay at the same level， be similar to， there is little／hardly any／no change

举例： the number of population stayed stable/ the number of population remained steady.

7.表示波动：fluctuate，fluctuation

8.表示在底部：reach a low point，bottom out，reach the bottom 9.表示在顶部：reach a peak，peak，top out，reach the highest point/ the top/ the summit/ the most，peak in/at，reach the zenith

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举例：人口到达了顶峰：the number of population peaked/ reached its summit/ reached its zenith.

经典例句：

remain steady/ stay stable/ level off/ bottom out/ peak/reach

its peak/ reach its zenith后面需要使用的是at.

1.人口在500万上保持平稳: The number of population remained

steady at 5 million.

2. 人口在800万时到达了顶峰: The number of population peaked at

8 million.

3. 下降后，人口在400万保持平稳:After decreasing, the number of

population bottomed out at 4 million.

4. 上升后，人口在700万保持平稳: After mounting, the number of

population leveled off at 7 million.

上升/下降后面使用to(到)和by(了)

1. 人口下降到200万: number of population decreased to 2 million. 2. 人口下降了200万: number of population decreased by 2 million. 3. 人口上升到1000万: number of population increased to 10

million.

4. 人口上升了500万: number of population increased by 5 million. recover的后面大家需要使用的是from

人口在200万时开始复苏: The number of population recovered from

2 million.

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fluctuate的后面大家需要连接between ?and?

人口在20和100亿之间波动: The number of population fluctuated

between 2 and 10 billion.

形容词和副词—变化程度

abrupt(ly)(突然)，sudden(ly)(突然)，dramatic(ally)(急剧)，

drastic(ally)(急剧)，sharp(ly)(急剧)，quick(ly)(迅速)，rapid(ly)(迅速)，marked(ly)(显著)，significant(ly)(显著)，considerable(considerably)(相当)，substantial(ly)(相当)

moderate(ly)(稳健、温和)，gradual(ly)(逐渐)，slight(ly)(轻微)，

slow(ly)(缓慢)，steady(steadily)(平缓) 名词 line chart线图，curve diagram曲线图，horizontal axis横轴，vertical axis纵轴，plateau(上升下降后的稳定期)，record high历史高度，record low历史低点，trough (曲线上的)最小值，zenith(最高值), general trend，upward/downward tend

增加：an increase，a rise，a growth， an improvement， an upturn， a surge， an upsurge， an upward trend

下降：a fall， a decrease， a decline， a drop， a downturn， a downturn trend，low point，reduction 波动：fluctuation [fluctuate]

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曲线图常用表达开头概述常用表达

1) The line chart depicts the changes in the number of _____ over the period from 2000 to 2004．该曲线图描述了从2000年到2004年_____数量的变化。

2） The chart provides some data regarding the fluctuations of _____ from 2000 to 2004．该曲线图描述了从2000年到2004年_____的变动。 3) The graph，presented in the curve diagram，shows the general trend in _____.该图以曲线图的形式描述了_____总的趋势。

4) This is a line chart showing _____.这是一个曲线图，描述了_____。 5) As can be seen from the graph，the two curves show the fluctuations of _____.如图所示，两条曲线描述了_____波动的情况。

参看考官范文，研习遣词造句

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The graph and table below give information about water use worldwide and water consumption in two different countries.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words

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The graph shows how the amount of water used worldwide changed between 1900 and 2000.

Throughout the century, the largest quantity of water was used for agricultural purposes, and this increased dramatically from about 500 km3 to around 3,000 km3 in the year 2000. Water used in the industrial and domestic sectors also increased, but consumption was minimal until mid-century. From 1950 onwards, industrial use grew steadily to just over 1,000 km3, while domestic use rose more slowly to only 300 km3, both far below the levels of consumption by agriculture.

The table illustrates the differences in agriculture consumption in some areas of the world by contrasting the amount of irrigated land in Brazil (26,500 km3) with that in the D.R.C. (100 km2). This means that a huge amount of water is used in agriculture in Brazil. With a population of 176 million, the figures for Brazil indicate how high agriculture water consumption can be in some countries. (180

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words)

参看考官范文，研习遣词造句

The three graphs of wheat exports each show a quite different pattern格局between 1985 and 1990. Exports from Australia declined over the five-year period, while the Canadian market fluctuated considerably, and the European Community showed an increase.

In 1985, Australia exported about 15 millions of tonnes of wheat and the following year the number increased by one million tonnes to 16 million. After that, however, there was a gradual decline until 1989 when it stabilised at about 11 million tonnes. Over the same period, the amount of Canadian exports varied

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greatly. It started at 19 million tonnes in 1985, reached a peak in 1988 of 24 million, dropped dramatically in 1989 to 14 million tonnes and then climbed back to 19 million in 1990. Seventeen million tonnes were exported from the European Community in 1985, but this decreased to 14 million tonnes in 1986 and then rose to 15 million in 1987 and 1988 before increasing once more to 20 million in 1990. (165 words)

第三篇流程图写作要点：

1流程图基本不会出现数据，文字信息占主要地位； 2流程图以描述为主，比较的机会比图表题少；

3流程图中出现的信息都需要描述，而普通图表则不需要描述每一个数据； 4流程图的时态多比较单一，主要用一般现在时；

5流程图的分段比较灵活，只要不同阶段之间的差距很明显，就可以另起一段。描述流程五大步： 1首先说明该过程是做什么工作的，目的是什么。 2准备工作。

3按时间／过程先后描述。 4对比。

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例1：In two weeks，the fry will grow up to two inches long．解析：原句过于简单，可以增加鱼苗和前一阶段的比较。

改正：In two weeks, the fry will grow up to two inches long, more than twice longer than it was when hatched．在两周时间内，鱼苗长到了两英寸，比刚孵化时长两倍还要多。

例2：In the second step，workers will rinse bottle glass of any colour．解析：原句过于简单，可以增加一点说明，譬如说关于第二阶段产生的变化和结果。

改正：In the second step，workers will rinse bottle glass of any colour．While the glass in the first phase is possibly life-threatening and contaminated，the glass is now hygeian and ready for the next stage of the recycling process．大意：在第二步，工作人员会清洗各种颜色的玻璃。第一阶段的玻璃可能是危害健康并被污染的，而这一阶段的玻璃是卫生的，可以为循环过程的下一步做准备。

例3：In the second phase of urban sprawl，land developers start to build a residential area．解析：原句过于简单，可以增加一点说明，譬如说关于第二阶段的功能和目的。

改正： In the second phase of urban sprawl，land developers start to build a residential area．It is to serve the needs of those people working in those office blocks and factories built in the first phase．大意：

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在城市扩张的第二阶段，土地开发商开始建造居民区。这是为了满足在第一阶段所建办公楼和工厂里工作的人们的需要。

参看考官范文，研习遣词造句

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The flowchart illustrates the production of coloured plastic paper clips in a small factory.

Write a report for a university tutor describing the production process.

There are four main stages in the production of plastic paper clips from this small factory. Two of these stages involve actual preparation of the clips, while the other two consist of quality control before the clips are sent out from the factory to the retailers to be sold to the public.

To begin with, molten plastic is poured into three different moulds depending

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on the colour required; the colours are red, blue and yellow. Once these clips emerge from the moulds, a quality control machine checks them for strength. Unsatisfactory clips are rejected. In the third stage in the process the clips are stored by hand into two groups, mixed and single colours. When this stage is complete the groups are checked a second time to ensure that the colour mixtures are divided correctly into single colours and mixed colour batches. Finally, the clips are packed and dispatched to the markets. (152 words)

参看考官范文，研习遣词造句

20140308写作题目

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Task 1 流程图 Three methods to recruit new employees.

Method 1 Method 2

Advertisement within company Advertisement in the press

Shortlist Shortlist

Interviews test

Interview Job

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offer

Method 3

External recruitment agency

Advertisement by agency search by headhunter

Shortlist presented to employer

Interviews

Job offer

写作指导：流程图首先要仔细读图，理解好图表表达的内容。其次，注意文章的时态

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参考范文：

The flow chart shows the comparisons of three approaches of recruiting employees for a particular company.

The first method of finding a suitable person for the company is to publish announcements for relevant jobs. Qualified workers would be added to the shortlist, and then enter the next step of being interviewed by HR or managers. Those who are eligible could take the job in the end.

The second used method is to place recruitment advertisements in newspapers. Similarly, the names of suitable applicants could be seen on the shortlist, and these applicants are divided into two groups; the first would be interviewed directly while people in the second group would have to sit for an exam and then take the interview. As a result, candidates who pass the exam as well as the interview would get the job they want.

Also, companies would use recruitment agencies for the staffing strategy. The agencies not only cooperate with headhunters, but also advertise the recruitment. The following steps are similar to the first method.

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Overall, these three approaches are quite simple and similar in order to find qualified employees for the company, but the first one may save more time and money.

第四篇表格题写作要点：

1表格与饼图一样，都是静态图。切入点在描述分配，有时需要分类描述； 2表格题考查列举数字的能力和方法。通过举一些有代表性的数据来说明问题； 3横向比较。介绍横向各个数据的区别、变化和趋势； 4纵向比较。介绍纵向各个数据的区别、变化和趋势；

5不需要将每一个数据分别说明，突出强调数据最大值和最小值； 6对比时要总结出数据对比最悬殊的。

参看考官范文，研习遣词造句

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The table below gives information about Favorite Pastimes in different countries. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.

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This table clearly presents and compares favorable pastimes in eight different countries. The pastimes, across the top of the table, are analyzed in relation to each country.

As can be seen, about 60% of Canadians, Australians and Americans like watching television. On the other hand, this figure is quite low for China where only 15% of people watch television. Predictably, Americans like music at 23%, whereas only 2 to 5% of people in the other countries feel the same way. 20% of people in England enjoy sleeping as a pastime whereas in Canada and the USA, for example, the figure is only 2%. Interestingly, the Chinese like hobbies the most at 50%, as opposed to only 20% in France. It isn?t surprising that the highest percentage of beach-lovers is in Australia and the USA at 30%.

It seems that pastimes of people of different nationalities may be influenced by a number of factors such as the socio-economic situation or the climate. These factors influence cultural differences between different nationalities and make cross-cultural experiences more interesting. (175 words)

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第五篇地图题写作要点：地图题分两种，一种为地理变迁题，一种为选址题。

地理变迁题： 1.地理变迁题描述的是一个地方（多为一个城镇）在一段时间的发展变化。

如2006年9月A 类 TASK 1，剑1TEST 4。 2.时态

如果地图题反映的是一个地方在过去的一段时间的变化，文章用一般过去时。如果地图题反映的是一个地方在将来一段时间的变化趋势，文章用一般将来时或表“估计”的词汇。如果地图题反映的是一个地方从过去到现在的变化，可用现完成时。

如：现在停车场改成了一个剧院。

The car park has been removed and replaced by a theatre. 城镇A的家庭数量从1937年到2020年将翻一番。

The number of homes in Town A is likely to double.

(is likely to= is predicted to /is estimated to/is projected to/is expected to )

又可为：It is likely that the number of homes in Town A will double. 3.细节变化

地图的每个细节变化都要提到，不要忽视一个细节。 4.语态

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地图题几乎用被动语态

如： 2000年在城镇A 新建了一个医院：A new hospital was established in Town A in 2000.

5.地图题的书写顺序：时间顺序和空间顺序

如2006年9月A 类TASK 1

The map shows the development of the village of Kelsbey between 1780 and 2000.

这篇文章大体框架按时间顺序，BODY 分三段分别描述：1780年村庄，1860村庄， 2000年村庄。对每一年的描述，如1780年村庄，我们要注意按方位顺序来描述，否则文章会出现混乱。这就需要考生在考前对方位词进行总结。

6.地图题的方位我们说东西南北，不说成左右。 A 在B 的东方/西方/南方/北方

A is/ lies/ is located/ is situated in/on/to the east/west/south/north of B (in 表A 在B 内部， on 表A 和B接壤，to 表A 和B 分开) A 在B 内部的某个部位

A is in the eastern/ southern/ western/ northern part of B. A在B 西北部的120 千米处

A lies 120 km to the northwest of B. A 在B 的对面

A is on the opposite side of B A is opposite B

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A 在B 东部的边界上（A 在B外部） A is on the eastern border of B 7. “变化”词汇

地图题描述的是一个地区的变化，那么“变化”词汇必须过关。变化包括两种：图形原有事物的改变，图形新添事物。我们先看图形原有事物的改变：原有事物的改变： The original/previous/former garden 原有事物尺寸上变大/变小：

The size of the library has been enlarged/extended//halved/reduced by half. 原有事物在数量上增多或减少：

The number of homes has increased/risen/grown //reduced/decreased/dropped/fallen //doubled/tripled/quadrupled to 500. 原有事物没了：

The farms completely disappeared/were removed. 原有事物被改为： A becomes B

A is transformed/reconstructed/redeveloped/converted/changed to/into B

MATERIAL FOR IELTS-WRITING COURSE FOR IELTS

图形新添事物 A newly-built road A new car park was built/established/set up/constructed/completed and opened in the middle of B.

A new IT centre has been added to the library

The year 2000 saw two additions to the land A: a pond in the northern part and a vegetable garden on the opposite side.

The year 2000 saw that ?(句子). 地图选址题选址题并不难写，主要注意两点： 1.位置描述 2.优缺点

如剑5 TEST 3 TASK 1

The map shows two possible sites for the supermarket. 为一个城镇的超市选址，有两个位置 S1 和S2 供选择。

这篇文章我们BODY段可分两段，分别陈述：开头

S1的位置及位置相应的优缺点 S2的位置及位置相应的优缺点

参看考官范文，研习遣词造句

MATERIAL FOR IELTS-WRITING COURSE FOR IELTS

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The two maps below show an island, before and after the construction of some tourist facilities.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

The two maps show the same island while first one is before and the second one is after the construction for tourism.

Looking first at the one before construction, we can see a huge island with a beach in the west. The total length of the island is approximately 250 metres.

MATERIAL FOR IELTS-WRITING COURSE FOR IELTS

After the construction for tourism, we can see that there are lots of buildings on the island. There are two areas of accommodation. One is in the west near the beach while the other one is in the centre of the island. Between them, there is a restaurant in the north and a central reception block, which is surrounded by a vehicle track. This track also goes down to the pier where people can go sailing in the south sea of the island. Furthermore, tourists can swim near the beach in the west. A footpath connecting the western accommodation units also leads to the beach.

Overall, comparing the two maps, there are significant changes after this development. Not only lots of facilities are built on the island, but also the sea is used for activities. The new island has become a good place for tourism.

雅思图表作文词汇直观表

MATERIAL FOR IELTS-WRITING COURSE FOR IELTS provides data on, figures the compares providing a chart comparison of…, (the percentage of饼状图)， increase (v, n) decrease (v, n), stay at (v) reach peak of … reach the a rise (v, n), climb (v, n), grow surge (v, n), jump (v, n), soar (v),rocket to 上升 (v)-growth (n), 下降骤然下降保持?. fall (v, n),drop (v, decline (v, n), slip to (v, n), remain at(v) peak at 数据 stable n), plummet to maintain the same level 到达顶峰到达谷底 bottom at Exceed bottom out at fluctuate and... Surpass/outnumber betwee... 波动超过 Overtake over/under, below 在?上面/more/less 下面 than 第 30 页共 85 页 MATERIAL FOR IELTS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

MATERIAL FOR IELTS-WRITING COURSE FOR IELTS 相似的趋势到达多少数量 …followed a very similar trend arrive at ；…were comparable Reach …, amount to …, accounting Total up to;add up to 占据 at…percent of… for …percent of … make up；constitute A比B多 more than ….was outnumber 排在第second when came to… …was second in Second it terms of… of …was… in terms 二? 是?的倍数发生不值得， three times as (much) as.. threefold (adv), double, triple, happen (v) Take place (v) occur (v) It is also worth Also noteworthy is the noting that… fact that…, 预测 It is reasonable to equally predictable is surmise that… involve (v) the fact that…, entail (v) regard 需要，包括至于?.,…mentione…mentioned vary With 第 31 页共 85 页 MATERIAL FOR IELTS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

MATERIAL FOR IELTS-WRITING COURSE FOR IELTS 变化很大 d in the greatly are regard to… with to…, …mentioned in the table vary greatly. table very different in terms of… 分开 divide (v) separate (v) 形容词、副词程度 rapid(a), 显著的sharp (a),sudden dramatic (a), considerable(a), notable(a), marked (a), significant (a), rapidly(adv),considerab显著地sharply (adv), dramatically (adv), ly(adv),exponentially(adv), markedly (adv), significantly (adv), 明显的 clear (adj), obvious (adj), apparent (adj), evident （形）（副） significant (adj), (adj), decrease dramatically surprising (adj) slide away, plunge to a low of…(v), striking (adj) marginally (adv), 明显下降惊人的轻微地 fall sharply a little slightly (adv), 第 32 页共 85 页 MATERIAL FOR IELTS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

MATERIAL FOR IELTS-WRITING COURSE FOR IELTS (adv), 仅仅，逐渐的逐渐地持续的 just (adv), only (adv), sustained (adj), about 大约 (adv),almost 相当+比较much+比较级显然，级 gradual (adj), gradually (adv), a negligible, a mere, steady (adj), steadily (adv), around some, (adv), approximately (adv), far+比较级 clearly, … various (adj), Considerably+比较级 it is evident that… 许多种类several 的时间 different …Next, 然后， ….Then…； …；…After this …； subsequently, … after+时间点； …, followed by a…；from that moment on 在??之前 before, until, over prior to, (there be 专用) the over the 在之后的第 33 页共 85 页 MATERIAL FOR IELTS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

MATERIAL FOR IELTS-WRITING COURSE FOR IELTS 时间里 following…hours/days/weeks/months/years subsequent…hours/days/weeks/months/year 从?到?. From…to… between…and… 10 years During(over) the period from…to… a decade earlier, 十年前开始?(上升) 语气根据数据显示，，，这两个数据是关before 10-year period start to according to the figures, These two The two figures Given are two figures figures are given concern… as for Meanwhile, In terms of likewise (adv), concerning… with regard to 于。。就?来说与此同时 at the same time, On the similarly (adv), 另一方面 other hand, however, … by contrast, In stark contrast, conversely, however, … 第 34 页共 85 页 MATERIAL FOR IELTS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

MATERIAL FOR IELTS-WRITING COURSE FOR IELTS relatively 相对地 (adv), rather (adv), 实际上，，， actually 有趣In fact, As a matter of fact, comparatively (adv), 的interestinglIt is interesting to y about (prep)， overall (adj), note that on (prep)，是，，，关于 concerning (prep)，总的来说， general (adj), (adv), 总体来说各自相应的仅仅，唯一的 In general overall (adv), generally, respectively 名词 exclusively (adv), 数据 number; figure; amount; data; information; details the ?的比例 percentage the proportion of of 第 35 页共 85 页 MATERIAL FOR IELTS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

MATERIAL FOR IELTS-WRITING COURSE FOR IELTS 阶段比率水平种类分类组转变趋势 part rate level（high/low） stage phase a breakdown（分类）of different types of Vary kind, type, form group change classification category shift trend(upward; downward) 二、话题作文：(250 words, 40minutes)

[1].雅思大作文评分标准 TR: Task Respond (审题)

CC: Cohesion and Coherence (衔接与连贯性) LR: Lexical Resource (词汇量)

GRA: Grammatical Range and Accuracy (语法安排/精确性) [2].五种基本句子结构主语＋动词主语＋动词＋宾语主语＋间宾＋直宾

MATERIAL FOR IELTS-WRITING COURSE FOR IELTS

主语＋动词＋宾语＋补语主语＋系动词＋表 [3]. 大作文题型分类： ? 第一类：驳论类（是否同意/同意哪种）三种形式：

给出现象或观点，问是否同意例如：P 99

又例：Some people said that the government shouldn?t spend money on building theaters or sports stadiums but should spend more money on medical care and education. Do you agree or not agree? 给出两种对立现象或观点，问同意哪种例如：

Nowadays, some universities offer graduate students skills that assist to find employment, but some people believe the main function of university should be to provide access to knowledge for its sake. What is your opinion?

给出现象或观点，问你从多大程度上同意例如

Some people claim that using tobacco has brought severe social problems and smoking should be banned. To what extend do you agree or disagree? 驳论类的题目特点 some(people)think that…

MATERIAL FOR IELTS-WRITING COURSE FOR IELTS

some (people)think that… but others… … what is your opinion? … do you agree or disagree?

…,to what extend do you agree or disagree?

Many people say…should be…, others say…discuss and give your opinion 驳论类话题作文基本结构： ? para 1: introduction: state the fact, and show your standpoint (for/against, or both)

? para 2: topic sentence 1 + support evidence 1 ? para 3: topic sentence 2 + support evidence 2 ? para 4: topic sentence 3+ support evidence 3 ? para 5: conclusion ?

? 第二类：讨论解释类

MATERIAL FOR IELTS-WRITING COURSE FOR IELTS

三种形式

给出现象或者观点，要求讨论引起此现象或观点的原因，可能引发的结果，并提出解决方案。 causes

reasons + solution results 例如：P98

又例：Over the past fifty years young people began to gain status and power lost by old people. What are the causes? Is it a good or bad development? 给出现象或者观点，讨论题目观点+陈述个人观点例如：P93 P96

In many countries children are engaged in some kind of paid work. Some people regard this as completely wrong, while others consider it as valuable work experience, important for learning and taking responsibility. What are your opinions on this?

Some people think that students benefit from going to private secondary schools. Others, however, feel that private secondary schools can have a negative effect on society as a whole. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. 3.给出现象或者观点，讨论优缺点或利弊例如：P100

Some people suggest that we should invent an international language which can be

MATERIAL FOR IELTS-WRITING COURSE FOR IELTS

used by people all over the world. Do advantages outweight disadvantages? 讨论解释的题目特点现象或观点… Discuss

What are your opinions?//What are the reasons?

What are the causes?//Why is it like that?//What will it lead to?//Are there any solutions?

Do advantages outweight disadvantages?//what are the benefits?//Are there any backwards?

? 第三类：综合类两种形式：

驳论加举例解释：给出现象和观点，问同不同意，并要求列举细节阐述例如：Some people believe that children?s leisure activities must be educational, otherwise they are a complete waste of time. Do you agree or disagree? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your experience. 例：To what extend do you think consumers are influenced by advertisements? What measures can protect them? 分析一下：是否该同意？

驳论加解决方案：给出现象或者观点，问同不同意，并要求分析原因或者提出解决方案。

例如：Many people are optimistic to the 21st century and see it as an opportunity to make positive changes to the world. To what extent do you agree ot disagree with

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