英语新题型5

Practice test 5 Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement

contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

The Virtual Office

A) Twenty years from now, as many as 25 million Americans — nearly 20 percent of the workforce — will

stretch the boundaries between home and work far beyond the lines drawn now. Technology has already so accelerated the pace of change in the workplace that few futurists are willing to predict hard numbers. But nearly all trend-trackers agree that much of the next century’s work will be decentralized, done at home or in satellite offices on a schedule tailored to fit worker’s lives and the needs of their families. Even international boundaries may blur as the economy goes truly global.

B) Between 1990 and 1998, telecommuting doubled from about 3 percent to 6 percent of the working population

— or about 8. 2 million people. The numbers are expected to double again in far less time, with as much as 12 percent of the population telecommuting by the year 2005, says Charlie Grantham, director of the Institute for the Study of Distributed Work in Windsor, California. C) Wireless computers and seamless communications systems are already in the works and fueling the trend. The

video phone is not far off; an advance that many futurists believe will make even more companies comfortable with employees working from home. “Now, we communicate at the level of radio,” says Gerald Celente, author of Trends 2000 and director of The Trends Research Institute of Rhinebeck, New York. E-mail and the telephone are primitive, he argues, and make people feel cut off from co-workers. But once everyone can see each other on the screen, long-distance relationships will feel more intimate. D) What about the office? “Today’s offices are a direct descendant of the factory,” says Gil Gordon, a consultant

based in Monmouth Junction, New Jersey, who has spent nearly two decades advising companies on how to institute telecommuting and more flexible work patterns. “They may be better lighted, but they’re much the same. ” Still, Gordon does not think the office building will vanish altogether. Rather, the office of 2020 will be just one place for focused work that requires true collaboration. It will also be a key site for socializing and cementing the relationships that keep a business going. E) Physically, however, it may look quite different. The typical office today allocates about 80 percent of the

space to offices and cubicles, with the rest given over to formal meeting rooms, Gordon says. That will soon change to 20 percent for individual work stations and 40 percent for “touch-down spaces” to land in but not to move into. We may sit still only long enough to check E-mail and access data. Gordon predicts the remaining 40 percent of space will be devoted to sites used by teams and groups, including conference rooms. But they will not look like today’s dull conference rooms. Instead, many will be designed to promote connection and creativity. F) It’s also likely that companies will share space. Instead of more high-rise office towers, there will be more

multi-use centers shared by several firms. “You will call ahead and reserve a space and check-in time, and a kind of concierge (前台接待 ) will assign you a spot and make sure that, as of seven a. m. that day, your phone rings there. ” With all this mobility, employees may long for a sense of belonging. Transitional workspaces may become more individualized, according to Gordon. “A lighted panel may display pictures of your family, your dog or your sailboat.” Futurist Lisa Aldisert, a senior consultant with a New York-based trends analysis firm, suggests that, through sophisticated microchip applications, a roving employee will be able with the flick of a switch to alter wall colors and room temperature to fit her mood.

New Work Relationships

G) The benefits of these changes, for both workers and companies, are already evident to many. Compelling

studies have convinced many companies that telecommuting is a plus for the bottom line. Aetna, for example, finds that the people who process its claims produce about 20 percent more when they work outside of the office. What will some other side effects be? No one can guess yet just how the legal relationships between workers and employers will change. Many workers may move from a salary system to an independent contractor system. Or they may sign on with different clients on a project-by-project basis. Companies might continue to provide benefits to many workers to assure their loyalty. In any case, companies will still try to find ways to foster a sense of identity with their products and services. To do their best, workers will still need to feel part of a team, says Leslie Faught, president of Working Solutions, a work/life benefit company based in Portland, Oregon. H) Some futurists also note that technology may change the hierarchy of most workplaces. In fact, work may

become much more democratic, as companies share more information to get the job done. Introducing software to streamline communications within a company, for example, can also mean allowing access to information that was formerly held by one or two people. That can be threatening to some managers at first, but many change their minds, once they see how much better working relationships can be. “Once they get on board, many managers realize their own lives are better too,” says Kathy King of the Oregon Office of Energy whose job is to promote telecommunicating from an environmental standpoint. I)

New Social Life

A growing number of American workers have already had a taste of the future. Leslie Faught “talks” via E-mail with customers and partners scattered across South America, Canada and Asia. She says being able to see them via video phone and work with them via interactive computer will only strengthen personal connections she has already forged. Nonetheless, being part of a virtual community will never entirely replace the need for in- person connections right here at home. That’s why workers of the future will also flock to satellite work centers in their neighborhoods. Many will have amenities (福利生活区) — provided by companies or entrepreneurs — that bring people together, as they used to gather around the water-cooler. It’s already easy to see prototypes in places like Seattle, where Kinko’s and Tully’s Coffee are next door, and people bounce in and out while they do both work and community projects.

J) At the heart of all these changes, says Gil Gordon, is the fact that we have finally begun to separate the idea of

work from the place where we do it. And that will make blending work and family a lot easier for many people. Like Jane Hanson and her husband, many families will find life less hectic and more integrated. 46. Since 1990, the number of telecommuters (people who work from home, using equipment such as phones, fax machines, and modems to contact their colleagues and customers) has been on the sharp increase.

47. Offices in the future tend to look different and serve different purposes; they will most likely be designed to

promote connection and creativity. 48. In the years to come, the office buildings may not disappear; they’ll stay there just for focused work and serve

as a site for socializing. 49. It appears that flexible in work patterns, telecommuters are most likely to be more productive than their

office-based counterparts. 50. Futurists believe that once the executives realize the potential benefits, they would not only welcome but

promote those changes in workplaces as well. 51. With all these possible changes in workplace or work patterns, people may find it easier to develop a

harmonious relationship between work and family life. 52. Futurists predict that there will spring up many multi-use center shared by several companies.

53. In the 21st century, the rapid development of high tech and growing trend towards the globalization of

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economy has been bringing about truly dramatic changes in the choice of workplace and even the traditional concept about international boundaries.

54. As a means of communication, E-mail and telephone may be considered to be primitive.

55. Regardless of other workplace changes, employees will still need to feel part of a team in order to do their

best.

Translation

Directions： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should

write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

欢乐兴致是会传染的

正如歌里唱的那样:“你喜笑颜开的时候，整个世界都与你同声欢笑。”今天一篇发表在 医学杂志上的论文作出这样的结论:欢乐兴致是会传染的，人们甚至能把快活的欢呼声，传送 给素不相识的陌生人。

随着skype、twitter、脸谱之类的社交网络的兴起，我们可以断言，互联网同样能产生这 种效应。这类科技更增进了你与朋友的交往，所以它应该能保留我们所观察到的那种情绪感染效应。

心情快活的人，往往处于社交网络的中心，拥有许多心情也同样快活的朋友。快活情绪 是以三度叠加的方式向外——向朋友们的朋友的朋友扩散。获得一大笔外快，可以增加你获 得快感的几率，但有限得很——比起你从结交一位乐天好友而获得快感的几率，明显要差多了。

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

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