牛津上海版八上Chapter2《Adayinthelifeof…whiz-kidWendy》word

上海版牛津英语 8A 第二章 学习辅导材料（11.09）

学 习 新 词 语

一. 新词语的用法:

(1) similar adj. 相像的；类似的（有些方面很像但不是完全一样） 例如： My new dress is similar to the one you have. 我的新衣服和你的那件相似。 All big cities are quite similar. 所有的大城市都大同小异。 【近义词】alike adj. 相同的；相似的 【反义词】different adj. 不同的 短语用法：（be） similar to 与……相类似的 例如： A dog is similar to a wolf. 狗和狼相似。

Gold is similar in colour to brass. 金和黄铜在颜色上很相似。 【同根词】similarity n. 相似；类似 【反义词】difference n.差别；差异

(2) successful adj. 达到目的；成功的；有成效的 例如：

The Chinese team got a successful attempt to climb Mount Qomolangma. 中国队成功地登上了珠穆朗玛峰。

短语用法：be successful in 在……上成功 例如：

Jason was quite successful in film making. 贾森在电影制作方面非常成功。

【同根词】 success n. 成功； succeed v. 成功； successfully adv. 顺利地；成功地

【反义词】unsuccessful adj. 不成功的；不顺利的 (3) luckily adv. 幸运地；幸好 例如：

Luckily, the police came right away. 幸好警察很快就来了。 【反义词】 unluckily adv. 不幸地 【近义词】 fortunately adv. 幸运地

【同根词】 luck n. 幸运；运气； lucky adj. 幸运的； unlucky adj. 不幸的 (4) popular adj. 受喜爱的；受欢迎的 例如：

Football is a popular sport in the UK. 在英国，大家都很喜欢足球运动。 【反义词】unpopular adj. 不受欢迎的 【同根词】 popularity n. 通俗性；普及 【短语】 be popular with 受…的欢迎。例如：

This film is popular with the young people. 这部电影受到年轻人的欢迎。 (5) responsible adj. 有责任的；负责的；承担义务的 例如： Simon is responsible boy. 赛蒙是一个有责任感的男孩。

The bus driver is responsible for the passengers safety. 巴士司机要对乘客的乘车安全负责。 【反义词】irresponsible adj. 不负责任的；不可靠的 【短语】 be responsible for 对……负责 例如：

Are the teachers responsible for the students? 这些老师对学生们负责吗？ (6) simple adj. 简单的；易于理解的 例：

The little boy can already do simple problems in arithmetic.

那个小男孩已经会做简单的算术题了。 【近义词】easy adj. 容易的

【反义词】difficult adj. 困难的；艰难的 hard adj. 困难的 【词义辨析】simple; easy:

simple 所指的“简单”除了表示“不困难的”之外，还可表示“单一的；不复杂 不引起麻烦的”，而easy 只表示“不困难的”。例如： He lives a simple life. 他过着简单的生活。 This is an easy book. 这是一本容易读的书。

(7) achieve v. （凭长期努力）达到（某个目的） 例如： The university has achieved all its goals this year.

这所大学已经实现了今年所有的奋斗目标。

He hopes to achieve all his aims soon. 他希望尽快实现自己所有的目标。 【同根词】achievement n. 成就；功绩 例如：

The inventor was rewarded by the Government for his scientific achievements.

这位发明者由于科学上的成就而受到政府的奖励。

【短语】 achieve one’s purpose / achieve one’s aim 达到目的

achieve one’s goal 达到目标 achieve success 获得成功

(8) fail vt. （及物动词，后可直接接宾语） （考试）不及格；失败 例： He failed his English examination. 他的英语考试不及格。 注意：fail 还有“尽力做某事而未成功”的意思。例如：

He never fails to write to his mother every week. 他从来没有忘记每周写信给母亲。 【反义词】pass vt. （考试）及格； succeed v. 获得成功 【同根词】failure n. 失败；不及格 例如： Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。 (9) attend v. 出席；参加 例如：

More than 200 people attended their wedding. 两百多人参加了他们的婚礼。 【词义辨析】 attend; take part in; join 与enter for

这四个词或短语都有“参加”的意思。 attend 一般指出席某种正式场合，如参加会议；take part in 往往指参加某项活动；join 指加入某一组织或团体；enter for 指报名参加某项比赛活动。比较下列句子：

Leaders from different countries all over the world attended the meeting in Shanghai. 来自世界各国的领导人出席了在上海举行的这次会议。

I will take part in the coming sports meet. 我将参加即将召开的运动会。 My brother joined he army last year. 我弟弟去年参军了。

Simon will enter for the high jump. 西蒙将会报名参加跳高比赛。

【短语】attend school = go to school 上学； attend a lecture 听课；听讲座 (10) continue v. 持续；继续做 例如：

The fighting has been continued for a week. 战斗持续了一星期。 【词组】to be continued 未完待续

【词组辨析】 continue to do something 与 continue doing something

前者指的是做A 这件事的过程中插入了B 这件事,做完B后再继续将A 完成；后

者指的是在某件事已经做了一部分的基础上继续做下去，并未有第二件事情的插入。比较：

Tom will continue to do his homework after dinner.

汤姆会在晚饭后继续做家庭作业。（吃晚饭是插入事件）

Tom will continue doing his homework for another two hours. 汤姆还要做两个小时的作业。（汤姆一直都在做家庭作业）

【同根词】continuous adj. 连续不断的； continuously adv. 连续不断地

语法知识：频 度 副 词 用 法

一般现在时常常与always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, rarely hardly, never等频度副词连用，表示动作发生的频率。这些频度副词按发生频率的高低依次为：always→usually→often→sometimes→seldom→rarely→hardly→never。

频度副词在句中的位置比较灵活，但通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、情态动词或助动词之后。具体用法如下：

1. always意为“总是，一直”，这是频率最高的词，表示动作反复，状态持续，不间断。其反义词是never，意为“从不”。如果要变为否定句，应将always改为never才能全部否定。另外，当always与进行时态连用时，常表示“总是”，带有厌烦、不满或赞美等感情色彩。例如：

Li Ping is always late for school. 李平上学总是迟到。 Li Ping is never late for school. 李平上学从不迟到。（全部否定） Li Ping is not always late for school. 李平上学不是总迟到。（部分否定） The boy is always asking for money. 这个小男孩总是要钱。（表厌烦） 2. usually意为“通常”，表示习惯性动作或状态，很少例外。例如： We usually go to school at seven in the morning. 我们通常在早上七点上学。

My mother and I usually go shopping on Sundays. 我和妈妈通常在星期天去买东西。

3. often意为“经常，时常”，表示反复性的动作或状态，中间有间断。其反义词是seldom, 意为“很少，不常”。often在句尾时常被very或quite修饰。例如：

The boys often eat noodles and the girls sometimes eat them. 男生经常吃面条，女生有时吃。

I often chat with my friends under the big tree. 我经常在这棵大树下和朋友聊天。

He writes to his friends quite often. 他常给他的朋友写信。

4. sometimes意为“有时”，表示动作偶尔发生，间隔较长。其位置比较灵活，放在句首、句中、句末都可。例如：

Sometimes we go to the cinema and at other times we go for a walk. 有时我们去看电影，有时我们去散步。

I sometimes watch TV in the evening. 我有时晚上看电视。

My father has lunch in the factory sometimes. 我父亲有时在工厂吃午饭。 5. seldom意为“很少，不常”，表示否定意义。例如： The little girl seldom goes out. 这个小女孩很少外出。

He seldom gives his wife a present, does he? 他不常给妻子送礼物，是吗？ 6.rarely 意为“极少，罕见”，表示否定意义，比seldom 还少见，比hardly 要稍多点。一般很少用，了解就可以。

7. hardly具有否定意义，表示“几乎不、简直不”，除非特殊情况，否则不会发生。例如： The boy is so young that he could hardly understand it. 这个孩子太小了，不可能懂得这件事。

8. never意为“从来不，从来没有”，也表示否定意义，它表示从未发生的动作或情况，没有例外。例如：

The boys never eat chocolate and the girls seldom eat it. 男生从不吃巧克力，女生很少吃。

Better late than never. [谚语] 迟到（迟做）总比不来（不做）好。

另外，once a year (每年一次), twice a week (每周两次), three times a day (一天三次), every Saturday afternoon（每星期六下午）等，这些时间状语也表示频率，它们可以和频度副 在同一个句子中，表达上没有重复。例如： We usually go to the cinema four times a month. 我们通常一个月看四次电影。

对这些频度副词或短语进行提问，都用疑问词how often，表示“每（隔）多长时间做一次 的意思。例如：

(1)He often goes out for a walk after supper. →How often does he go out for a walk after supper?

(2)I watch TV every Sunday evening. →How often do you watch TV?

(3)Andy feeds the little cat three times a day. →How often does Andy feed the little cat? 【即时操练】

请按括号内的要求改写下列各句，每空一词：

1. My father always watches TV in the evening. （改为否定句） My father ____ ____ ____ in the evening.

2. Mr Zhang often comes late to the meeting. （改为同义句） Mr Zhang is ____ ____ ____ the meeting.

3. The twins never go to the Internet bar. （对划线部分提问） ____ ____ ____ the twins go to the Internet bar?

4. We have art lessons twice a week. （对划线部分提问） ____ ____ do you have art lessons?

5. ——How often do you play basketball? （根据汉语提示回答问题） ——____ ____ ____（隔周一次）.

Keys:1.never watches TV 2.often late for 3.How often do 4.How often 5.Every other week 第一章语法部分相关练习题 A）疑问词：

一.对划线部分提问：

1. The twins were making a kite when their mother came in. 2. I’m going to take the shirt on the right 3. The pupils are having a picnic at the foot of the hill. 4. Xiao Cheng didn’t go to the farm with us because he was ill. 5. I paid fifty yuan for the sweater. 6. I have worked in that factory for two years. 7. I go to Beijing once a year. 8. Jane and her brother will finish the work in two hours. 9. It’s about two kilometers from here to the country. 二.选择填空：

1. --- ________ ________ ________ did he call you the day before yesterday? ---Twice. A. What time B. How many times C. How much D. How long 2. ---Sandy, ________ are you going for vacation? A. where B. when C. what D. how

3. ---________ is “Lucky 52” shown on CCTV-2? ---Every week.

A. How far B. How long C. How often D. How many B）不定冠词a, an： 选择填空：

1. The new D-type trains can run at speeds of 250 to 300 kilometers ________ hour. A. a B. an C. the D. /

2. ---Do you know Taiwan, Jenny? ---Yes, of course. Taiwan is ________ island. It belongs to China.

A. a B. an C. the D. / 第二章语法部分相关练习题 A）一般现在时： 选择填空：

1. I want to know if there ________ an English speech contest next month. If our school ________ it, I must get ready for it.

A. will be, holds B. will be, will hold C. will have, hold D. will have, will hold 2. I don’t know if it ________ tomorrow, If it ________, I will not go fishing. A. rain, will rain B. will rain, rains C. will rain D. rains, rains

3. As China grows stronger and stronger, Chinese ________ in more and more schools out of our country.

A. teaches B. is taught C. has taught D. was taught 4. The Olympic Games ________ every four years.

A. are held B. were held C. are holding D. will hold

5. Trees and flowers ________ every year to make our country more beautiful. A. is planted B. was planted C. are planted D. were planted B）频度副词： 选择填空：

1. She always finishes her homework on time. She ________ leaves it for tomorrow. A. always B. never C. usually D. sometimes

2. You will realize the importance of mastering a foreign language ________ in the future. A. some time B. some times C. sometimes d. sometime

神童温迪的日常生活（课文翻译）

15岁的温迪?王一定是本市的优秀生之一，她已经编写了好几个很成功的电脑游戏。现在，她的家人都在她的公司里工作，可她还在上学！

上午6点

我6点起床，洗漱，穿好校服。我和家人一起吃早饭。我们有一个家族企业。 我编写电脑游戏。幸运的是，这些电脑游戏都很受欢迎。我们每年要卖出五十多万个电脑游戏。我爸爸是公司的经理，我妈妈负责销售。我哥哥是公司的会计。每天早晨吃早餐期间，我们都要谈论生意。

上午7点30分

我总是坐家里的车去上学。我们有一个司机。他每天开车送我去学校。在路上，我有时会打电话给我们的客户。

上午8点

我开始上课。我很高兴见到我的同学们，但是学校有些功课挺无聊的，因为对我而言太简单了。所有的学科我通常都能获得优等。我从来没有考试不及格。

中午12点30分 一周约有两次，我家的司机会把我从学校接走。我要和客户共进午餐，然后再回到学校。 下午4点15分

放学后，我经常参加俱乐部活动。星期五，我们要召开电脑俱乐部的会议。其他同学常常请我帮助他们。周一和周四我去打篮球。我每周上一次小提琴课。我在晚餐前完成作业。

晚上7点

我总是和家人共进晚餐。我们讨论生意上的事情。之后，我去自己的办公室继续编写电脑游戏。我很少在晚上十一点半前睡觉。我通常不需要很多睡眠时间。

综合能力测评

一.选择恰当的答案：

1. Maria is ___________university student and wears _______ uniform. A. an, a B. a, an C. a, a D. an, an

2. The mechanic_________ the garage very late. He had to ________ the tools borrowed from his friends last Tuesday.

A. returned, return to B. returned, return C. returned to, return to D. returned to, return 3. Is Wendy’s mother responsible for ___________? A. sale B. sells C. sales D. sold 4. ________ important information it is!

A. What a B. what an C. What D. How an 5. The price of the sports shoes ________ high . A. is B. are C. was D. were

6. How often does Mary play table tennis? _________.

A. Two days B. In the morning C. Five times a week D. Half an hour 7. This T-shirt is much too large for me. Could you show me __________ one? A. other B. another C. others D. the other

8. McDonald’s is very popular in Shanghai. The underlined part in the sentence means “_______”. A. selling things B. a company C. like by many people D. worth a lot of money 9. We _______ go swimming in the winter because the water is cold. A. always B. sometimes C. seldom D. often 10.Nanpu Bridge is one of _______________ in Shanghai.

A. the long bridge B. the longest bridge C. the longest bridges D. longest bridges 11.Sony, Panasonic and Toshiba are three big _______ in the world. Their _______ started growing in 1960s.

A. business, business B. businesses, businesses C. business, businesses D. businesses, business

12.----_______ do you like the Grand Theatre? ----It is wonderful.

A. What B. When C. Where D. How

13. The four policemen stood around the man, ________ was ________ handcuffs A. who; with B. that; in C. who; in D. that; with 14.The policeman asked the old lady ________.

A. what’s going on B. what was happening C. what had happened D. what was gone on

15.We call the words at the top of each page of most dictionaries “________ words”. A. train B. guide C. last D. first

16.The bus driver got ________ the bus and then got ________ his own car. A. on; off B. off; on C. off; into out of; into

17.There are too many difficulties for such a boy to deal ________. A. with B. in C. / D. to

18.The little boy’s mother stared ________ him suspiciously（猜疑地）. A. in B. to C. at D. on

19. Would you like ________ the basketball match tonight? A. to see B. seeing C. to watch D. watching 20.The Huangpu River flows ________ Shanghai. A. in B. across C. through D. from 21. I don’t quite like ________. It’s too hard.

A. the fifth lesson B. the lesson five C. five lessons D. the fifth lessons 22.---- He had nothing for breakfast, ________ he? ---- ________. He had some milk. A. had; Yes B. had; No C. did; No D. did; Yes 23. ---- I tried to make the door ________,but I found it hard. ---- Well, I saw you ________ that when I went past.

A. to open; do B. to open; doing C. opening; do D. open; doing

24.The young man went ________ the wood, swam ________ the river and came to a small village.

A. in; across B. through; across C. through; over D. into; through

25.He _______ he was going to Beijing soon, but he didn’t ________ when he was leaving. A. speak; talk B. told; say C. told; speak D. talked; say 26.Nobody noticed the bird ________ the room.

A. entered B. to enter C. entering D. entering into

27.Of all the books, it is the only one ________ ever been written on this subject. A. which have B. that have C. who has D. that has 28.Could you tell me ________ with her？

A. what’s the matter B. what was the matter C. what the matter was D. what the matter is 29.I was so tired that I couldn’t keep my eyes ________. A. opening B. open C. opened D. to open

30.Computers can work out the problems ________ than human beings.

A. far quicker B. more quicker C. far more quickly D. more far quickly 31.Sally, together with her students ________ visiting the zoo this time yesterday. A. is B. was C. are D. were

32. I was afraid ________ in an airplane when I was a little girl. A. of fly B. to fly C. flying D. of to fly 二. 用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成句子：

1. It’s such an ________(interest) film that all of us are ________ (interest) in it. 2. Teachers’ Day comes at the ________(begin) of the new term. 3. I was ________(bad) ill yesterday.

4. In Book Ⅲ, the ________(twenty) lesson is the most difficult. 5. Of all the students he is ________ (good) at English.

6. Edison was a great ________. During his life he had many ________. （invent） 7. There are lots of ________ (colour) clothes in the market.

8. I think traveling by train is ________(enjoy) than traveling by car.

9. The house caught a fire. The wounded man was carried to ________. (safe) 10. You must drive as _______(safe) as possible. 三.选出合适的词填空：

1. My mother is a _________ ( female client, saleswoman). She sells things to the customers every day.

2. I like music best. So I have _________ (computer, violin) lessons once a week. 3. A 16-year-old boy is called a ___________ (whiz-kid, teenager).

4. Everyone in my class can work out this maths problem, because it is quite ____ (simple, hard). 5. My ambition is to be a __________(company , designer). 6. School finishes at 4:10 _________ (a.m., p.m.). 四.用动词的适当形式填空： draw, not run, cut, practice, wait

1. The best way to learn a foreign language well is _________ as much as possible. 2. A lot of trees ________ down in China every year. It’s a big problem. 3. Look, Mike _______ a plane on the paper. He did it just now. 4. When I saw them, they _________ for the bus. 5. Judy _________ as fasten as Rose. 五.按要求改写下列句子：

1. The food is quite delicious.（改为感叹句） _____ ______ food it is !

2. Peter left Beijing two weeks ago.（保持原句意思）

Peter has been ________ from Beijing _________ two weeks ago.

3. Please don’t smoke in the room, it is bad for our health .（保持原句意思） You’d ______ _______ smoke in the room, it is bad to our health. 4. His father bought a lot of fruit just now.（对划线部分提问） _________ _________ fruit did his father buy just now? 5. John can hardly understand Russian. （改为反意疑问句）

John can hardly understand Russian, ________ ________?

6. The Red Cross has helped the homeless people in the floods four times since last year. （对划线部分提问）

________ ________ times has the Red Cross helped the homeless people in the floods since last year?

7. Tom didn’t watch TV that evening. He listened to music.（保持句意不变） Tom listened to music ________ ________ watching TV that evening. 8. They will move into the new school in a month.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ will they move into the new school?

9. Mr Smith wanted to know where he could get the information.（保持句意不变） Mr Smith wanted to know ________ ________ get the information.

10. It’s about ten minutes’ walk from my home to my school.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ is it from your home to your school?

11. Mary had a wonderful time with her family at Christmas. （改为一般疑问句） ________ Mary ________ a wonderful time with her family at Christmas?

12. The university has achieved new progress since six years ago.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ has the university achieved new progress？ 13. I don’t know when we shall start the work.（改为简单句） I don’t know when ________ ________ the work.

14. Tom can’t speak French. Jack can’t speak French, either.（保持原句意思） ________ Tom ________ Jack can speak French. 六.阅读理解：

（A）

David McConnell was a door-to-door book salesman. Most of the housewives were not interested in his books. Usually before he has enough time to say anything about his books, the women closed the doors. But he didn’t give up. McConnell decided to bring each of them a present, a small bottle of perfume （香水）he had made himself. He soon found that the women liked the perfume better than the books. He stopped selling books to sell perfume instead and started his own company “Avon”. This company became a huge success.

When you do nothing, you learn nothing, but when you try, even though you may not be successful ,you will learn what doesn’t work. This brings you closer to what will work. It doesn’t matter how many times you are unsuccessful. What matters is that one day you will be successful. 1. McConnell is a successful book salesman.

2. McConnell hoped the women would buy his books if he brought them each a present. 3. If you do nothing at all, you will never be successful.

4. The women disliked the perfume even more than the books.

5. The writer encourages us to keep on trying even if we are at first unsuccessful.

（B）

Americans with small families own a small car or a large one. If both parents are working , they usually have two cars. When the family is large, one of the cars is sold and they will buy a van.

A small car can hold four persons and a large car can hold six persons but it is very crowded. A van holds seven persons easily, so a family with three children could ask their grandparents to go on a holiday travel. They could all travel together.

Mr Hagen and his wife had a third child last year. This made them sell a second car and buy a van. It’s sixth and seventh seats can be used to put other things, for a family of five must carry many things when they travel.

Americans call vans motor homes . A motor home is always used for holidays. When a family are traveling to the mountains or to the seaside, they can live in their motor home for a few days or weeks. All the members of a big family can enjoy a happier life when they are traveling together.

That is why motor homes have become very popular. In America there are many parks for motor homes.

1. How many people can a van generally hold?

___________________________________________________________________ 2. What did Mr Hagen and his wife do after they had a third child？ They _________________________________and bought a van. 3. What do Americans usually use motor homes for ?

____________________________________________________________________ 4. There aren’t many parks for motor homes , are there?

____________________________________________________________________ 5. Why have motor homes become so popular ?

Because they can be used for a big family to ________________________________. 七.完形填空：

（A）

The world outdoors is full of secrets. They are so interesting that quite a lot of people are busy _____1__ them. All around us are birds, animals, trees and flowers. The facts about how they live and grow are as interesting as anything could be.

Do you know that one of the great presidents of U.S.A. spent hours and hours studying birds. Businessman who lives near New York City became so interested in insects that he began to __2__ them . How now has over one thousand different kinds carefully kept in glass boxes.

Come them with me, and I will help you find some of nature secrets. Let’s go quickly into the woods and fields. Here we shall find how a rabbit ____3____ the other rabbits that there is danger. We shall follow a mother bear and her young ones as they search for food and get ready for their long winter ___4____. We shall watch bees dancing in air to let the other bees know where they can find food. I will show you many other interesting things, but the best thing that I can teach you is to keep your eyes open when you go ____5____. Nature tells her secrets only to people who __6_____. 1. A. looking for B. keeping C. studying D. learning 2. A. kill B. catch C. collect D. keep 3. A. says B. tells C. asks D. speaks 4. A. rest B. trip C. holiday D. sleep 5. A. into B. inside C. between D. out

6. A. keep birds , animals , trees and flowers B. do into the forest and woods

C. watch bees dancing D. look and listen carefully

（B）

在短文的空格内填入适当的词：

How do you like to go to school like one on Oxford, England? There are no r_____ classes. The students go from one group to another when they want to .You may find students of fourteen, sixteen and twenty-five years old all in the s______ group . they work at their o_____ studies. Nobody tells them what they should and shouldn’t be doing.

The day I visited school ____4____ at nine. Some students were working at a tape recorder and listening to their lessons. Others were watching TV on maths. A group was reading in the school library. I didn’t see anybody just sit doing n___5___ .Everybody was studying. At lunch time I could see students working ,too. They were talking about their lessons while they were ____6_____. When you think of these students, you can be sure it is one of the best students in the world.

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