2012年湖北高考英语考试说明(word版)

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲湖北卷英语科

考试说明

I. 考试性质

普通高等学校招生全国统一考试是合格的高中毕业和具有同等学力的考生参加的选拔性考试。高等学校根据考生成绩，按已确定的招生计划，德、智、体全面衡量，择优录取。高考应具有较高的信度、效度，必要的区分度和适当的难度。

II. 命题指导思想

1．英语科（湖北卷）命题以《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》、教育部考试中心大纲（课标版）和本说明为依据。

2．命题遵循“有利于高校选拔人才，有利于中学实施素质教育，有利于推进基础教育课程改革”的原则，确保安全、公平、公正、科学、规范。

3．命题要结合我省高中英语教学实际和普通高等学校对新生文化素质的要求，考查考生进入高等学校继续学习的潜能。

4．命题考虑英语学科特点，在考查考生的英语语言知识和语言技能的同时，侧重考查考生的综合语言运用能力，特别是运用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力。

III.考试内容及要求

根据普通高等学校对新生文化素质的要求，依据教育部2003年颁布的《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》和教育部考试中心大纲（课标版），结合我省高中英语教学实际，确定本学科考试内容。

一、语言知识

要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题（见附录1至4）。考虑到《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》词汇表所列词汇及其在教材中的复现率，本说明所附词表（见附录5）共收单词3519个，作为高考命题的词汇范围（词汇表未列词组和短语，部分可根据构词法推导出的副词、名词等亦不单列；缩略词、月份、星期、数词，以及洲、国家及地区名称、主要大洋名称在词表后单独列出）。

二、语言运用 （一）听力

要求考生能听懂关于一般性话题的英语对话或简短独白。考生应能： 1.理解主旨和要义

任何一段对话或独白总会围绕一个主旨或者一个中心思想展开。有时，主旨要义会比较明确；有时则会贯穿整个对话或独白，考生需自己去归纳、概括。

2.获取事实性的具体信息

为了说明和支持主旨，对话或独白中总会出现一些具体信息，如时间、地点、人物等。这些信息是理解和把握对话或独白主旨必不可少的内容，也常常是听力部分的重点考查项目。

3.对所听内容作出简单推断

话语发生的场合、说话者之间的关系等对话语含义的理解起着举足轻重的作用，对这些背景知识的推断能力在一定程度上可以体现一个人对口语的理解能力，因而也是听力测试所要考查的重点项目之一。

4.理解说话者的意图、观点和态度

一般来讲，说话者总会有说话的意图，或是提出或回答问题，阐述自己的想法，或是表明自己的态度或意见，对此的理解或推断在一般交往中非常重要。有时，说话者的意图或观点是明说出来的；有时则隐含在对话的字里行间，需要听者自己去揣摩、推断。

（二）阅读

要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能： 1.理解主旨和要义

任何一篇文章都会有一个主旨要义。有时从文章的第一个段落，甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨要义，从这一段或这个句子读者会知道文章描述的是谁或什么（即文章的主题），亦会了解作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。有时，文章的主旨要义则需从文章的字里行间进行推断。这类试题主要考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，它对考生的归纳、概括能力有一定的要求。

2.理解文中具体信息

文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人员往往会要求考生根据不同的要求，阅读文章以获得某些特定的信息或准确地寻求所需的细节。这类试题有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有时则较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。

3.根据上下文推断生词的词义

正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础，不懂单词含义根本就谈不上理解文章。但英语单词的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义随不同的语境会有所不同。能根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。此外，阅读文章时，常常会遇到一些过去未见过的词，但许多这类生词的词义可以通过上下文推断出来。这种不使用词典而通过阅读上下文来推断生词含义的能力，是一个合格的读者所必须具备的能力，因此也是阅读测试中经常检测的一种能力。

4.作出简单判断和推理

阅读文章的主要目的是获取信息，即作者所要传达的信息。在实际的阅读活动中，有时需要根据文章提供的事实和线索，进行逻辑推理，推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的可能性等。

5.理解文章的基本结构

英语文章讲究使用主题段和主题句。主题段通常在文章开头，简要概括文章的中心思想，主题句可能在一段的开头，也可能在中间或末尾，作用是交代该段的中心思想，再由全段展开或讨论这个意思。各个段落通常由某些起连接作用的词语连接，以使文章行文连贯。如果希望准确、深刻地理解一篇文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握住全篇的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。

6.理解作者的意图、观点和态度

每篇文章都有一个特定的写作目的，或是向读者传递某个信息，或是愉悦读者，或是讲授某个道理。而这些信息通常并不是明确表达出来，而是隐含在文章之中。因此，这类问题要求考生在理解文章总体内容的基础上，去领会作者的言外之意。

（三）写作

要求考生根据题示准确使用英语语法词汇、进行书面表达。考生应能： 1.有效运用所学语言知识，准确使用语法和词汇

语言的准确性是写作中不可忽视的一个重要方面，因为它直接或间接地影响到信息的准确传输。应用语法结构和词汇的准确程度是写作部分评分标准中的一项重要内容。

2.使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思

任何一篇文章都需要有一个主题，作者应该围绕该主题，借助一些句型、词汇等的支持，清楚、连贯地表达自己的思想。

IV. 考试形式与试卷结构

考试采用闭卷笔试形式。考试时间为120分钟，满分150分。

试卷由四部分组成。 第一部分：听力

本部分共两节，测试考生理解关于一般性话题的英语对话或简短独白的能力。

第一节：共5小题，每小题1.5分。要求考生根据所听到的5段简短对话，从每题所给的3个选项中选出最佳选项。

每段录音材料仅读一遍。

第二节：共15小题，每小题1.5分。要求考生根据所听到的5段对话或独白，从每题所给的3个选项中选出最佳选项。

每段录音材料读两遍。

听力考试进行时，考生将答案标在试卷上；听力部分结束后，考生有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

本部分所需时间约为20分钟。 第二部分：词汇知识运用

本部分共两节，测试考生理解运用英语词汇知识的能力。

第一节：共10小题，每小题1分。每题在一句或两句话中留出空白，要求考生从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项。

第二节：共20小题，每小题1分。在一篇短文中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项，使补足后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。

本部分所需时间约为25分钟。 第三部分：阅读理解

本部分测试考生理解关于一般性话题的英语简短文章的能力。

共20小题，每小题2分。要求考生根据所提供的5篇短文的内容从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项。

本部分所需时间约为35分钟。 第四部分：书面表达

本部分共两节，测试考生准确使用英语语法词汇、进行书面表达的能力。

第一节：共10小题，每小题2分。每题在英文句子中留出空白，要求考生根据该句的中文意思，用句末括号内的英语单词完成英文句子。

第二节：共1题，满分30分。要求考生根据所给提示和相关要求，用英语写一篇120个单词左右的短文。提示包括目的、对象、时间、地点、内容等；提示的形式有图画、图表、提纲等。

本部分所需时间约为40分钟。

试卷内容、题量、计分和时间安排如下：

V.难度控制

试题按难度系数（简称难度）分为容易题、中等题和难题。难度在0.70以上（包括0.70）的题为容易题，难度在0.30～0.70之间的题为中等题，难度在0.30以下（包括0.30）的题为难题。试卷由容易题、中等题和难题组成，三种试题应控制合适的分值比例，试卷总体难度适中。

VI.题型示例

以下例题选自近几年的高考英语（湖北卷），以方便考生对考试形式有更清楚的认识，与实际高考试卷的测试内容、难度等没有对应关系。

一、多项选择题 （一）考查听力

A. Rainy. B. Sunny. C. Cloudy. 【答案】A

2. Why doesn’t the man want to fly? A. He likes taking the bus. B. He thinks it’s dangerous.

C. He wants to enjoy the scenery.

3. Which means of transport does the woman prefer? A. The car. B. The train. C. The bus.

【答案】2. C 3. B

A. He washed his hands. B. He had his supper. C. He took a bath.

5. What place had the man been to the night before? A. James Street. B. A restaurant. C. A friend’s home.

6. What does the man try to do in the conversation? A. To prove the truth. B. To find the truth. C. To hide the truth.

【答案】4. A 5. A 6. C

A. To an art museum. B. To a Chinese restaurant. C. To an underground station.

8. Why does the woman come to the city?

A. For business. B. For traveling. C. For shopping.

9. Why does the man recommend the restaurant to the woman? A. The service there is good. B. The food there is tasty. C. Theprice there is low.

10. According to the man, which is the best means of transport to the restaurant? A. The bus. B. The taxi.

C. The underground.

【答案】7. A 8. B 9. B 10. C

A. They don’t spend all their time on studies.

B. They don’t know what to do with their free time. C. They don’t have choices for outside class activities. 12. How is the students’ high school life? A. Controlled and busy. B. Regular and colorful. C. Active and independent.

13. According to the speaker, what is the role of outside class activities at university? A. To make students healthier.

B. To improve students’ test scores. C. To enrich students’ experience.

14. What does the speaker advise his students to do? A. Learn to enjoy themselves. B. Learn to be their own masters. C. Learn to develop their potential.

【答案】11. B 12. A 13. C 14. B

（二）考查词汇知识

1. Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful, but they may also ______ our thinking. A. direct 【答案】B

B. limit

C. change

D. improve

2. In this lecture, I can only give you a purely ______ view of how we can live life to the full and make some suggestions about the future.

A. unique B. private C. personal D. different 【答案】C

3. Would you please ______ the paper for me and see if there are any obvious mistakes? A. look around B. look into C. look up D. look through 【答案】D

4. “Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire!” the mother shouted, with ______ clearly in her voice.

A. panic 【答案】A

B. rudeness

C. regret

D. anger

5. I wasn’t blaming anyone; I______ said errors like this could be avoided. A. mostly B. merely C. rarely D. nearly 【答案】B

6. People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this ______ creates further problems. A. in short 【答案】C

B. in case

C. in turn

D. in doubt

（三）考查阅读理解

My grandfather came from Hungary and was the only one in his family who settled down in the United States. The rest of his family remained in Europe. When World War I broke out, he seemed to have become another man, downhearted. Such obvious change was not born out of concern for his welfare, but out of fear: if his only son, my uncle, had to go to war, it would be cousin fighting against cousin.

my mother, at the age of 10, felt on top of the world about her soldier brother going off to war. Realizing how he was regarded by his little sister and all of her friends, my uncle bought them all service pins, which meant that they had a loved one in the service. All the little girls were delighted.

The moment came when my uncle and the other soldiers, without any training but allin uniforms, boarded the train. The band played and the crowd cheered. Although no one noticed, I’m sure my grandmother had a tear in her eye for the only son. The train slowly pulled out, but not about a thousand yards when it suddenly paused. Everyone stared in wonder as the train slowly returned to the station. There was a dead silence before the doors opened and the men started to step out. Someone shouted, “The war is over!” For a moment, nobody moved, but then the people heard someone bark orders at the soldiers.

The men lined up in two lines, walked down the steps, and with the bandplaying, marched down the street, as returning heroes, to be welcomed home. My mother said it was a great day, but she was just a little disappointed that it didn’t last a tiny bit longer.

1. What the grandfather was most worried about was ______. A. the spread of the world war B. the safety of his two cousins C. a drop in his living standards D. his relatives killing each other

2. The underlined phrase “draft notice” means “______”. A. order for army service B. train ticket for Europe C. letter of rejection D. note of warning

3. What did the “service pins” (in Para. 2) stand for in the eyes of the little girls? A. Strength. B. Courage. C. Victory. D. Honor.

4. Which of the following words can best describe the ending of the story? A. Disappointing. B. Unexpected.

C. Uncertain. D. Inspiring. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. D 4. B

For many parents, raising a teenager is like fighting a long war, but years go by without any clear winner. Like a border conflict between neighboring countries, the parent-teen war is about boundaries: Where is the line between what I control and what you do?

Both sides want peace, but neither feels it has any power to stop the conflict. In part, this is because neither is willing to admit any responsibility for starting it. From the parents’ point of view, the only cause of their fight is their adolescents’In this article, I’ll describe three no-win situations that commonly arise between teens and parents and then suggest some ways out of the trap. The first no-win situation is quarrels over unimportant things. Examples include the color of the teen’s hair, the cleanliness of the bedroom, the preferred style of clothing, the child’s failure to eat a good breakfast before school, or his tendency to sleep until noon on the weekends. Second, blaming. The goal of a blaming battle is to make the other admit that his bad attitude is the reason why everything goes wrong. Third, needing to be right. It doesn’t matter what the topic is—politics, the laws of physics, or the proper way to break an egg—the point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong, for both wish to be considered an authority—someone who actually knows something —and therefore to command respect. Unfortunately, as long as parents and teens continue to assume that they know more than the other, they’ll continue to fight these battles forever and never make any real progress.

5. Why does the author compare the parent-teen war to a border conflict? A. Neither has any clear winner. B. Neither can be put to an end. C. Both can continue for generations. D. Both are about where to draw the line.

6. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean? A. The teens accuse their parents of misleading them.

B. The teens agree with their parents on the cause of the conflict. C. The teens blame their parents for starting the conflict.

D. The teens tend to have a full understanding of their parents. 7. Parents and teens want to be right because they want to ______. A. gain respect from the other B. get the other to behave properly C. give orders to the other D. know more than the other

8. What will the author most probably discuss in the paragraph that follows? A.Examples of the parent-teen war.

B. Causes for the parent-teen conflicts. C. Future of the parent-teen relationship. D. Solutions for the parent-teen problems. 【答案】5. D 6. C 7. A 8. D

Howling is a behaviour commonly observed among a wolf pack. As pack animals,wolves work together to hunt and rely on howling as an important means of communication among each other. There are different explanations of a wolf’s howl and it appears that there may be more to discover.

One theory is that wolves howl to bond better together. It’s almost as if howling together helps the pack stay together. Perhaps something similar to people feeling a sense of involvement with each other when singing a song together. But this theory may be wrong, explains Fred H. Harrington, a

professor who studies wolf behaviour.

Indeed, there have been times when wolves have been seen one moment howling in a chorus, and the next, quarreling among each other. It appears that usually the lowest-ranking members of the pack may actually be“punished” for joining in the chorus at times. So is howling a way to strengthen a social bond or just a way to reconfirm status among its members?—Why do wolves howl for sure?

What is clear, however,is that howling is often used among packmates to locate each other. Hunting grounds are distant and it happens that wolves may separate from one another at times. When this happens, howling appears to be an excellent means of gathering.

Howling, interestingly, is a contagious behaviour. When one wolf starts to howl, very likely others will follow. This is often seen to occur in the morning, as if wolves were doing some sort of “roll call” where wolves all howl together to report their presence.

9. What is the possible similarity between wolves’ howling together and humans’ singing in chorus? A. The act of calling each other. B. The sense of accomplishment. C. The act of hunting for something. D. The sense of belonging to a group.

10. Why does Harrington think the “social bond” theory may be wrong? A. Wolves separate from each other after howling. B. Wolves tend to protect their hunting grounds.

C. Wolves sometimes have quarrels after howling together. D. Wolves of low rank are encouraged to join in the chorus. 11. Researchers are sure that wolvesoften howl to ______. A. show their ranks B. find their companions

C. report the missing ones D. express their loneliness

12. “Howling… is a contagious behaviour” (in the last paragraph) means ______. A. howling is a signal for hunting B. howling is a way of communication C. howling often occurs in the morning D. howling spreads from one to another 【答案】9. D 10. C 11. B 12. D

二、完形填空题

You are near the front line of a battle. Around you shells are exploding; people are shooting from a house behind you. What are you doing there? You aren’t a soldier. You aren’t carrying a gun. You’re standing in front of a and you’re telling the TV what is happening.

It’s all in a day’s work for a war reporter, and it can be very

informer Yugoslavia (前南斯拉夫), 28 reporters and photographers were killed. Hundreds more were . What kind of people put themselves in danger to pictures to our TV screens and to our newspapers? Why do they do it?

“I think it’s every young journalist’to be a foreign reporter,” says Michael Nicholson, “that’s you find the excitement. So when the first opportunity comes, you take it it is a war.”

But there are moments of . Jeremy Bowen says, “Yes, when you’re lying on the ground and bullets (子弹 your ears, you think: ‘What am I doing here? I’m not going to do this again.’ But that feeling after a while and when the next war starts, you’ll be .”

“None of us believes that we’re going to ,” adds Michael. But aluckycharm (护身符) with him. It was given to him by his wife for his first war. It’s a card which says “Take care of yourself.” Does he ever think about dying? “Oh, and say to God, ‘If you get me out of this, I I’ll never do it again.’You can almost hear God , because you know he doesn’t believe you.” 1. A. simply B. really C. merely D. even 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

A. crowd A. producers A. dangerous A. stay A. injured A. bring A. scenes A. belief

B. house B. viewers B. exciting B. fight B. buried B. show B. passages B.dream B. what B. ever since B. surprise B. around

B.goes B. away B. escape B. wears B.many times B. accept B. laughing

C. battlefield C.directors C. normal C. war C. defeated C. take C. stories C. duty C. how C. as if

D. camera D. actors D. disappointing D. life D. saved D. make D. contents D. faith D. where D. even if D. sadness D. through D. occurs D. home D. remain D. carries D. seldom D. guess D. crying

10. A.why 11. A. even so 12. A. fear 13. A. into 14. A. returns 15. A. there 16. A. leave 17. A. hangs 18. A. never 19. A. consider 20. A. whispering

C. shame C. past C. continues C. out C. die C. holds C. sometime C. promise C. screaming

【答案】1. D 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. A 7. A

8. C 9. B 10. D 11. D 12. A 13. C 14. B 15. A 16. C 17. D 18. B 19. C 20. B

三、完成句子题

1. ______ was that the young player performed extremely well in the table tennis tournament. (delight) 令球迷欣喜的是那位年轻的球员在乒乓球锦标赛中表现得极为出色。 【答案】What delighted the fans/made the fans delighted

2. Only if people of all the countries are united ______ the existing problems in the world.(solve) 只有所有国家的人民都联合起来，我们才能解决世界上现存的问题。 【答案】can we solve/ will we be able to solve

3. It was cold and damp; the man pulled up his collar and put his hands to his _______. (freeze) 当时又冷又潮湿，那个男人把衣领竖了起来，用手捂住他冻僵的脸。 【答案】frozen face

四、短文写作题

请根据以下提示，结合你生活中的一个事例，用英语写一篇短文。

A bad experience is an experience as well. You can learn from your mistakes and situations you were not happy about.

注意：①无须写标题，不得照抄英语提示语； ②除诗歌外，文体不限；

③内容必须结合你生活中的一个事例； ④文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；

⑤词数为120左右。

【参考答案】

Three years ago I became a student of a key middle school. I felt very proud, but soon I found that things were different from what I had expected.

At the beginning of the new term,I ran into trouble. Some of my classmates were unfriendly to me. They laughed at my accent and joked about my clothes. Feeling unhappy and lonely,I burst out crying one day. When my English teacher knew about my bad situation,he gave me timely help and encouragement. With my teacher’s help,I’ve become happier and made great progress. Now I am getting on well with my classmates.

Influenced by my teacher,I often help people in need.

1. 基本读音

(1) 26个字母的读音

(2) 元音字母在重读音节中的读音 (3) 元音字母在轻读音节中的读音 (4) 元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音 (5) 常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音 (6) 辅音字母组合的读音 (7) 辅音连缀的读音 (8) 成节音的读音 2. 重音 (1) 单词重音 (2) 句子重音 3. 读音的变化 (1) 连读 (2) 失去爆破 (3) 弱读 (4) 同化 4. 语调与节奏 (1) 意群与停顿 (2) 语调 (3) 节奏

5. 语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用 6. 朗读和演讲中的语音技巧 7. 主要英语国家的英语语音差异

1. 名词

(1) 可数名词及其单复数 (2) 不可数名词 (3) 专有名词 (4) 名词所有格 2. 代词 (1) 人称代词 (2) 物主代词 (3) 反身代词 (4) 指示代词 (5) 不定代词 (6) 疑问代词 3. 数词 (1) 基数词 (2) 序数词 4. 介词和介词短语 5. 连词

6. 形容词（比较级和最高级）7. 副词（比较级和最高级） 8. 冠词 9. 动词

(1) 动词的基本形式 (2) 系动词

(3) 及物动词和不及物动词

(5) 情态动词 10. 时态

(1) 一般现在时 (2) 一般过去时 (3) 一般将来时 (4) 现在进行时 (5) 过去进行时 (6) 过去将来时 (7) 将来进行时 (8) 现在完成时 (9) 过去完成时 (10) 现在完成进行时11. 被动语态 12. 非谓语动词 (1) 动词不定式 (2) 动词的-ing形式 (3) 动词的-ed形式 13. 构词法 (1) 合成法 (2) 派生法 (3) 转化法 (4) 缩写和简写 14. 句子种类 (1) 陈述句

(3) 祈使句 (4) 感叹句 15. 句子成分 (1) 主语 (2) 谓语 (3) 表语 (4) 宾语 (5) 定语 (6) 状语 (7) 补语

16. 简单句的基本句型17. 主谓一致 18. 并列复合句 19. 主从复合句 (1) 宾语从句 (2) 状语从句 (3) 定语从句 (4) 主语从句 (5) 表语从句 20. 间接引语 21. 省略 22. 倒装 23. 强调 24. 虚拟语气

附录3 功能意念项目表

1. 社会交往（Social Communications） (1) 问候（Greetings） (2) 介绍（Introduction） (3) 告别（Farewells） (4) 感谢（Thanks） (5) 道歉（Apologies） (6) 邀请（Invitation）

(7) 请求允许（Asking for permission）

(8) 祝愿和祝贺（Expressing wishes and congratulations） (9) 提供帮助（Offering help）

(10) 接受和拒绝（Acceptance and refusal） (11) 约会（Making appointments） (12) 打电话（Making telephone calls） (13) 就餐（Having meals） (14) 就医（Seeing the doctor） (15) 购物（Shopping） (16) 问路（Asking the way）

(17) 谈论天气（Talking about weather）

(18) 语言交际困难（Language difficulties in communication） (19) 提醒注意（Reminding）

(20) 警告和禁止（Warning and prohibition） (21) 劝告（Advice） (22) 建议（Suggestions） 2. 态度（Attitudes）

(23) 同意和不同意（Agreement and disagreement）

(24) 喜欢和不喜欢（Likes and dislikes） (25) 肯定和不肯定（Certainty and uncertainty） (26) 可能和不可能（Possibility and impossibility） (27) 能够和不能够（Ability and inability） (28) 偏爱和优先选择（Preference） (29) 意愿和打算（Intentions and plans） (30) 希望和愿望（Hopes and wishes） (31) 表扬和鼓励（Praise and encouragement） (32) 责备和抱怨（Blame and complaint） (33) 冷淡（Indifference）

(34) 判断与评价（Judgement and evaluation） 3. 情感（Emotions） (35) 高兴（Happiness） (36) 惊奇（Surprise） (37) 忧虑（Worries） (38) 安慰（Reassurance） (39) 满意（Satisfaction） (40) 遗憾（Regret） (41) 同情（Sympathy） (42) 恐惧（Fear） (43) 愤怒（Anger） 4. 时间（Time）

(44) 时刻（Point of time） (45) 时段（Duration） (46) 频度（Frequency） (47) 时序（Sequence） 5. 空间（Space）

(48) 位置（Position） (49) 方向（Direction） (50) 距离（Distance） 6. 存在（Existence）

(51) 存在与不存在（Existence and Non-existence） 7. 特征（Features） (52) 形状（Shape） (53) 颜色（Colour） (54) 材料（Material） (55) 价格（Price） (56) 规格（Size） (57) 年龄（Age） 8. 计量（Measurement） (58) 长度（Length） (59) 宽度（Width） (60) 高度（Height） (61) 数量（Number） 9. 比较（Comparison）

(62) 同级比较（Equal comparison）

(63) 差别比较（Comparative and superlative） (64) 相似和差别（Similarity and difference） 10. 逻辑关系（Logical relations） (65) 原因和结果（Cause and effect） (66) 目的（Purpose） 11. 职业（Occupations） (67) 工作（Jobs） (68) 单位（Employer）

附录4 话题项目表

1. 个人情况（Personal information）

2. 家庭、朋友与周围的人（Family, friends and people around） 3. 周围的环境（Personal environments） 4. 日常活动（Daily routines） 5. 学校生活（School life）

6. 兴趣与爱好（Interests and hobbies） 7. 个人感情（Emotions）

8. 人际关系（Interpersonal relationships） 9. 计划与愿望（Plans and intentions）

10. 节假日活动（Festivals, holidays and celebrations） 11. 购物（Shopping） 12. 饮食（Food and drink） 13. 健康（Health） 14. 天气（Weather）

15. 文娱与体育（Entertainment and sports） 16. 旅游和交通（Travel and transport） 17. 语言学习（Language learning） 18. 自然（Nature）

19. 世界与环境（The world and the environment）

20. 科普知识与现代技术（Popular science and modern technology） 21. 热点话题（Topical issues）

22. 历史与地理（History and geography） 23. 社会（Society）

24. 文学与艺术（Literature and art）

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