中考英语专项练习之主谓一致及直接引语和间接引语

中考英语专项练习之主谓一致及直接引语和间接引语

主谓一致

英语中句子的主语要与其后的谓语保持一致，即“主谓一致”。一般遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 【练习导航】

Ⅰ. 用适当的be动词或助动词填空。 1. Every student _______ got a book.

2. The number of students in the school _______ now rising. 3. A number of boys _______ playing basketball at the moment. 4. There _______ something else in the desk.

5. Tom, together with his mother, _______ gone to New York. 6. The teacher with two students _______ playing sports. 7. This pair of trousers _______ made by my aunt last year. 8. Five months _______ a long time to wait. 9. Here _______ some books.

10. To clean the room _______ your duty. Ⅱ. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。

11. When I got there, they each _______ (read) a book. 12. Neither of us _______ (like) the storybook.

13. Everyone except me _______ (go) to the cinema yesterday. 14. A football team often _______ (have) eleven players. 15. No one but my parents _______ (know) the truth.

16. Jim’s family _______ (enjoy) watching TV after supper. 17. What you said _______ (be) quite useful to us.

18. Look! The class _______ (do) morning exercise on the playground. 19. Twenty years _______ (have) passed since he left his hometown. 20. Three glasses of milk _______ (be) enough for us. Ⅲ. 单项选择

( )21. Either Tom or I ______ going there tomorrow. A. are B. is C. am D. be

( )22. Jenny as well as her friends ______ swimming.

A. are going B. has gone C. were going D. have gone ( )23. No one ______ swimming in such bad weather. A. like B. likes C. liking D. liked

( )24. —What ______ the number of the students in your school? —About two thousand. A number of them ______ from the USA. A. is; are B. is; is C. are; is D. are; are

( )25. I hear one third of the books in Wuhu Library ______ new. Let’s borrow some.

A. is B. are C. was D. were ( )26. Good news! There ______ fewer people catching this kind of illness now.

A. are B. is C. was D. were

( )27. The news ______ very interesting! Tell me more! A. is B. are C. were D. was

( )28. —I don’t think it’s good to drive eight hours without a rest. —I agree. Eight hours ______ really a very long time. A. has B. is C. are D. am

( )29. Either Tom or she ______ going to the party next week. One of them must stay at home.

A. are B. was C. is D. be ( )30. This is my twin sister Lucy. Both she and I ______ good at drawing. A. am B. is C. are D. be

( )31. Now the students each ______ an English-Chinese dictionary. A. has B. have C. is having D. are having ( )32. One of my friends ______ already moved to London. A. do B. does C. have D. has

( )33. I think physics ______ more difficult than Chinese. A. is B. are C. have D. has

( )34. Not only Jim but also his sister ______ a few cities since they came to China.

A. will visit B. has visited C. have visited D. visited

( )35. Neither Jim nor his cousins ______ to France, but ______ of them know the country very well.

A. have been; all B. have been; both C. has been; all D. has been; both 【指点迷津】

“主谓一致”最基本的原则是：单数主语用单数谓语动词；复数主语用复数谓语动词。但在实际运用中情况比较复杂，现将同学们常犯的错误归纳如下： ◆each作主语的同位语时，谓语动词由主语决定。

◆half of, the rest of, most of, all of及“百分数或分数+of”等后接名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后的名词。

◆all作主语，常表示可数的人或物。作“所有的人或物”讲时，谓语动词用复数；作“一切”讲时，谓语动词用单数。

◆主语后有with, together with, like, except, but, as well as 等引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致。 ◆people, police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数。family, class, group, team等集体名词作主语，若强调一个整体，谓语动词用单数；若强调具体成员，谓语动词用复数。

◆表示度量、价格、时间、长度等的复数名词或词组作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

◆由Here / There开头的句子，其主语不止一个时，谓语动词通常与邻近的主语保持一致。

◆“a number of +复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数；“the number of +复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。

直接引语和间接引语

【练习导航】

将下列直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词。 1. “I am doing my homework,” she said.

She said that _______ _______ doing _______ homework. 2. “I haven’t been there before,” Susan said to me. Susan _______ me that she _______ _______ there before. 3. “Lucy went to the park with her friends,” Lily said.

Lily said that Lucy _______ _______ to the park with her friends. 4. My geography teacher said, “The sun is bigger than the earth.” My geography teacher said that the sun _______ bigger than the earth. 5. “I cleaned the room yesterday,” Tom said.

Tom told me that he _______ cleaned the room _______ _______ _______. 6. “You can come here before five,” he said.

He said that I _______ _______ _______ before five. 7. “Tom repaired his car two weeks ago,” she said.

She said that Tom _______ repaired his car two weeks _______. 8. “Did you finish the work last week?” he asked.

He _______ _______ I had finished the work the week _______. 9. She said, “You can sit here, Jim.” She _______ Jim that he _______ sit there.

10. He asked, “When will you be back, Susan?”

He asked Susan _______ _______ _______ be back.

11. She asked me, “You went there that day, didn’t you?”

She asked me _______ _______ _______ _______ there that day. 12. “Did you do your homework last night, Jack?” She asked.

She asked Jack _______ _______ _______ _______ his homework the night _______.

13. The old man said to me, “Leave the window open.” The old man _______ me _______ leave the window open. 14. “Do you want to have a cup of tea?” Tom asked me.

Tom _______ me _______ _______ _______ to have a cup of tea. 15. “Don’t play football in the street, Mike,” she said.

She _______ Mike _______ _______ _______ football in the street.

【指点迷津】

直接引语变为间接引语时，需要注意以下变化： ◆人称的变化

直接引语变为间接引语时，间接引语的主语的人称要遵循“一随主、二随宾、第三人称不更新”的原则。如下表： 直接引语的主语 变为间接引语后 第一人称 与主句的主语一致 第二人称 与主句的宾语一致 第三人称 不变

◆时态的变化

直接引语变为间接引语时，间接引语的时态应进行如下变化： 直接引语 间接引语

一般现在时 一般过去时 一般过去时 过去完成时 现在进行时 过去进行时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在完成时 过去完成时

◆指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的变化 直接引语 间接引语 直接引语 间接引语

地点状语 here there 时间状语 yesterday the day before 动词 come go today that day

指示代词 this that tomorrow the next day these those ago before ◆注意事项

1. 如果主句为一般现在时或将来时态，间接引语的时态不变。 2. 如果在当地转述，here不改为there，come也不改为go。 3. 如果在当天转述，today, tomorrow或yesterday等不改变。

4. 如果转述的是自然现象、客观存在的规律等，间接引语的时态不变。

Key： 主谓一致

Ⅰ. 1. has 2. is 3. are 4. is 5. has 6. is 7. was 8. is 9. are 10. is

Ⅱ. 11. were reading 12. likes 13. went 14. has 15. knows 16. enjoy 17. is 18. are doing 19. has 20. are 21-25 CBBAB 26-30 AABCC 31-35 ADABA 直接引语和间接引语

1. she was; her 2. told; hadn’t been 3. had gone

4. is 5. had; the day before 6. could go there 7. had; before 8. asked if / whether; before 9. told; could

10. when she would 11. whether / if I had gone

12. if / whether he had done; before 13. told; to

14. asked; if I wanted 15. told; not to play

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