2013高三英语阅读理解快速提分技巧

阅读理解是限时阅读。它主要考查考生两个方面的能力：一是快速阅读能力；二是准确的理解能力。即考生在阅读理解过程中，阅读速度要快，准确度要高，缺一不可。

在考试中，阅读理解是限时阅读。它主要考查考生两个方面的阅读理解能力：一是快速阅读能力；二是准确的理解能力。也就是说，考生在英语阅读理解过程中，阅读速度要快，理解的准确度要高，二者缺一不可。

二、文章体裁辨析能力

英语中，由于不同文体的英语文章有不同的写作方法。如果考生具备了识别英文文体的能力，能根据文体特征迅速抓住文章的要点，就会大大缩短阅读时间，提高理解效率。

三、文章结构辨析能力

英语文章有一个共同的特点，一般说来，首先确定文章的主题句，即文章的中心，然后，后面的内容都是围绕这一中心来展开论述的。中心句一般位于文章最前面，也有的位于文章末尾，还有的位于文章的中间。有了文章结构的辨析能力，考生就能快速对文章进行全面、系统的掌握。从而根据试题的不同内容或要求在不同的部位准确找到答案的依据。

四、归纳总结能力

虽然绝大多数英语文章有中心句，但也还有些文章根本没有中心句。如有些描述性的记叙就要求考生根据文章内容来归纳、总结出中心句。目前高考中的英语试题总有3～4 题考查考生对文章中心的理解，这就要求考生一定要具有对文章的归纳、总结能力。

五、生词猜测能力

掌握一定量的词汇是进行阅读的前提，但运用各种英语知识猜测生词的能力是考查考生阅读理解能力的一个重要方面。倘若单词都不认识，也就无法阅读下去。然而，并不是说，一定要把所有的单词都认识才能进行阅读。事实上，阅读当中出现一些生词，是一件非常正常的事情。不仅英语阅读如此，就连本族语也是这样。正因为如此，有些语言专家把阅读戏称为猜词游戏。因此，考生在英语阅读理解过程中碰到不认识的单词时，要根据各种知识大胆地猜测生词的意义，培养猜测生词意义的能力。

六、长句分析能力

句子长而复杂是现代英语的一个显著特点，特别在现代科技英语中更是这样。作者为了把叙述说得准确、逻辑严密，往往是一个主句接一个或几个状语从句、宾语从句、定语从句、同位语从句、并列句，中间还来几个非谓语动词短语或插入语。这样不但使句子长，而且句子结构支离破碎，令读者不知从何处下手。因此，为了夺得高考英语阅读理解的高分，考生必须具备长句分析能力。

七、综合推断能力

近年来，英语阅读理解中的推理判断题逐年增多，单从文章的字面找不出答案，而要根据文章中的某些词、短语或句子来推断出它内在的深层意义，或将几个事实综合起来对文章

进行深层理解。因此，考生必须在平时的训练中提高综合推断能力。

八、陷阱识别能力

在英语阅读理解题所给选项中，常出现部分真实的情况，但往往以偏概全、过于笼统，增添枝叶，让选项中的确含有原文中的事实、细节，或原文中已有的情况，却并不与原文事实完全一致，故意扰乱考生的视觉，让考生信以为真，这就是英语阅读理解中的陷阱。因此，考生要具有对陷阱的识别能力，才能绕过陷阱，从而作出正确的选择。

高考英语阅读题的解题流程

读主题——读题目——读全文——做题目

个人认为这种方法较以上两种更为全面和严谨，而我在新东方的课堂的上也是建议给每位同学们练习这种方法，养成很好的阅读习惯。

这种方法即先看懂各段首尾句或短文的第一段，大致明了文章的主题。此后细细地阅读题干推敲选项的大致设置，思考作者的行文规律和命题者的出题陷阱，然后带着已经在首尾句获得的信息和在题目中假设的思路回头进行有目的性的查找工作，准确率高且耗时相对较少。而我们现在的高考阅读文章均取自国内外的英文刊物，少有命题组自行行文的类型，此类文章逻辑严谨，结构清晰，所以气定神闲地先读完各段的首句再耐心的推敲考题选项的设置，往往会直接将四个选支排除掉一个或两个，这无疑对我们的解题帮助极大，减少了我们判断的压力轻松地将文章读完。

2013年高考英语阅读理解提分四步兵法细节题是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。一般包括直接理解题、语义转化题)、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。

尽管近几年高考英语阅读试题中推断题呈不断上升的趋势，但细节题仍然占有较大比例，而且已由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查同学们对英语语言的理解能力，因此难度比往年有所增加。

一、题型特点与命题方式

所谓细节题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。一般包括直接理解题(在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who, what, when, where, why和how 等提问。)语义转化题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论)、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其它类型问题的基础。这类题型的题干常为：

When / Where did the story happen?

Which of the following statements is (not) correct?

Which of the following statements is (not) mentioned in the passage?

Which is the right order of the events given in the passage?

All the statements are true except…

该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。所以，搜查信息在阅读中非常重要，它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。

二、解题思路与应试技巧

细节题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题，正确答案的根据一定可以在原文中找到，即原文的改写往往成为正确选项。

通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征：

1、对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。

2、词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障碍。

3、语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。

4、正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项(适用于寻找错误选项的题目)。

干扰项也是以文章中的某个细节设题，若不仔细辨别，很容易把它当成正确选项。干扰项有以下特征：

1、将原文内容扩大或缩小。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误选项。

2、把未然当已然。改变文中某句话的时态，如把将来时变成现在时，把未发生的事情当成已发生的事情。

3、无中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论，而文中并未涉及。

4、偷换概念。把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”，所述细节确实与原文一致，一不小心就会误选。

5、文不对题。这类题最不容易辨别，选项中的描述与原文完全一致，确属原文中的一个细节，这时要回到题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题。

下面结合最新高考试题，对细节题的不同类型加以解读。

1、直接信息题

对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。

【考例】

(2009湖南卷，B篇)61. How long does it take the battery to charge up an iPhone?

A. 15 minutes.

B. 30 minutes.

C. 1.5 hours.

D. 3 hours.

【解析】A。直接信息题。快速查找题干中的关键词How long，charge up，iPhone，由第一段第一句Just plug RichardSolo 1800 into your iPhone once or twice a day, for fifteen minutes, and keep your iPhone charged up.可以得出答案为A。

(2009陕西卷，B篇)46. Edmonds entered the world of politics first as ________.

A. news secretary for a congressman

B. a speechwriter for President Clinton

C. news secretary in the White House

D. a speechwriter for Secretary Donna Shalala

【解析】A。直接信息题。快速查找题干中的关键词the world of politics，在第三段第二句话找到相关信息：He joined the world of politics as news secretary for his congressman (国会议员) from Baltimore During Bill Clinton’s presidency…因此答案为A。

2、间接信息题

做这类题目时，考生需要对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别，这是介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间的一种题型，对考生来说有一定难度。

【考例】

(2009山东卷，A篇)57. Which of the following is true of the Hatches?

A. They had their children during the Great Depression.

B. They left the family farm to live in an old house.

C. They gave away their possessions to their neighbors.

D. They helped their neighbors to find jobs.

【解析】C。间接信息题。第四段第一句话说Hatch夫妇是在大萧条时期出生的(Children of the Great Depression, Ish and Arlene were known for their habit of saving.)，而不是他们在大萧条时期有了孩子，排除A;第三段提到他们的老房子位于他们家的农场里，B错误;第二段提到他们帮助有困难的邻居们，但未提及帮助他们找工作，D项错误。C项说Hatch 夫妇把他们的钱全都赠给了他们的邻居们，符合文意。

3、数字计算题

数字计算题也是近几年高考中常考的内容，此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实，有的要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。文章中经常会出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定的影响。解答此类试题的方法是先来理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。

【考例】

(2009福建卷，B篇)61. The foreign drivers who break the traffic law and do not pay on the spot are likely to be fined up to _______.

A. ￡60

B. ￡300

C. ￡900

D. ￡980

【解析】D。依据文章第一段可知，这种罚款可高达900英镑(Foreign drivers will have to pay on-the-spot fines of up to ￡900 for breaking the traffic law to be carried out next month.)，再依据第二段If they do not have enough cash or a working credit card, their vehicles will be clamped(扣留)until they pay —and they will face an additional fee of ￡80 for getting back their vehicles.可知本题选D，即当场不能交罚款的外国司机罚款的费用是900+ 80=980英镑。

4、排列顺序题

这种试题要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。做这种题时可采用“首尾定位法”，即最先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。

【考例】

(2009湖北卷，D篇)64. Which order of steps is followed in carrying out the project?

A. Assessment —Prototype —Design —Construction.

B. Assessment —Design —Prototype —Construction.

C. Design —Assessment —Prototype —Construction.

D. Design —Prototype —Assessment —Construction.

【解析】D。请看文章第二段：

Gerner manages school facilities(设施) for Clark County, Nevada, a district roughly the size of Massachusetts. By 2018, 143,000 additional students will enter the already crowded public-education system. Gerner needs 73 new schools to house them. Four architecture teams have nearly finished designing primary school prototypes(样品); they plan to construct their schools starting in 2009. The district will then assess how well the schools perform, and three winners will copy those designs in 50 to 70 new buildings.

根据第二段的描述，工程的实施应按照“设计—提供样品—评估—建设”的程序。其它程序都不符合标准的建筑要求。

(2008福建卷，A篇)59. What’s the right order of the events related to Tanni?

a. She works as a coach.

b. She took up athletics.

c. She won four gold medals in Barcelona.

d. She competed in her first Paralympic Games.

e. She achieved a victory in her first London Wheelchair Marathon.

A. b, d, c, e, a

B. a, d, b, c, e

C. a, d, c, e, b

D. b, d, a, e, c

【解析】A。排列顺序题。本题要求判断各个事件的先后顺序。观察文章的2～6段，注意几个表示时间的词(组)：1984，1988，1992，in the same year，2007，可帮助考生迅速找到答案。

5、图表图画题

在有图表图画的阅读理解中，有的图表图画出现在阅读理解文章中，有的出现在选项中，这些图片的出现增加了试题的直观性，同时也暗含着和文章内容相关的信息。在解答此类试题的时候，一定要把握图表图画中所暗含的信息，特别是有些事实是通过图片来叙述的，我们可以采用按图寻找正确答案的方法。

【考例】

(2009安徽卷，D篇)71. The chart shows that from 2005 to 2008, ________.

A. the percentage of the Spanish families with a computer rose 35 points

B. the percentage of the White families with a computer remained unchanged

C. the number of the Black families with a computer was on the decrease

D. the number of the Asian families with a computer showed the sharpest increase

【解析】D。请看原文中的柱形图：

由柱形图可以清楚地看出，拥有电脑的亚洲家庭的数量急剧增加，其他三项表述都与图表不符，故D项正确。

(2007江苏卷，C篇)65. The package fee does NOT cover the cost of _______.

【解析】A。所给的四幅图画分别代表了“住宿”、“交通”、“游览”和“餐饮”。根据文章中“All Fee’s Included. No Hidden Cost.”可知这次游览的费用都包含在“Package Fee”里面，没有其它暗含的费用。但是由于这是一个总共5.7小时的游览，下午乘飞机返回还不耽误吃晚饭和看日落(in time for dinner and sunset)可知是不需要住宿的，因此“住宿”的费用不包含在整个费用之内。

巩固练习：

(1)

Most people who enjoy movies do not really care how they are made. They just want to enjoy

a good story. Movie producer and director George Lucas wants people to see the best made movies. So, his latest movie Star Wars was made without using film.

Star Wars was made using digital cameras. A digital camera does not use traditional film. It captures images on videotape. The images recorded on videotape are the placed in a computer.

George Lucas says that using digital cameras permits him to have much more control over the final product. For example, the image can be changed after it is placed in a computer. An expert can change color, add or take out objects, add people or beings who are not real. Much of what is seen in the new movie Star Wars is not real. Huge buildings, spacecraft and alien beings from other worlds were produced in a computer.

Movie experts say digital technology is the real future of the motion picture industry. A theater will no longer have to wait days or weeks to show a new movie. Theaters will be able to receive copies of new movies by linking computers. Or they will use small computer disks to get a copy of the movie.

When the new movie Star Wars was released last month, only 94 theaters around the world had the digital equipment needed to show it. So Mr. Lucas’company produced about 6,000 copies of the new digital movie on traditional film for release in most theaters. However, most people who have seen the movie say these film copies are of much better quality than other filmed movies.

Critics say the new digital technology is very costly. Many theater owners will not buy the new technology, yet many of the people who worked on the new movie Star Wars say they would not like to work with film again. They said using digital equipment was faster, and videotape is much less costly than film. One cameraman said the director of a movie can immediately see what was just recorded, something impossible to do with film.

1. According to George Lucas, what makes the best made movies possible?

A. A good story.

B. Film.

C. Digital cameras.

D. Videotape.

2. Which is NOT true for the real future of the motion picture industry, according to movie experts?

A. Linking computers for copies of new movies.

B. Showing filmed movies in theaters.

C. Using small computer disks to get a copy of the movie.

D. Having the digital equipment needed to show the movie.

3. According to the passage, which is true about the new movie Star Wars?

A. There are about 6,000 copies of the new digital movie.

B. It has been shown in only 94 theaters around the world.

C. It is the best among filmed movies.

D. It is the product of the new digital technology.

4. Which of the following is NOT the advantages of the new digital movie?

A. The director can have the objects and people added or taken out.

B. It will be more convenient for theaters to get such kind of new movies.

C. People all agree that the new digital movies are less costly than the filmed movies.

D. The director can monitor the recording and check what was recorded just now.

(2)

As the US wakes up to China’s rising status as an economic and strategic competitor, US parents are urging their children to learn Chinese, reports Julian Borger.

The US is being swept by a rush to learn Mandarin—from wealthy New York mothers hiring Chinese nannies(保姆)for their small children to a defence department education project in Oregon.

The forces driving Mandarin’s momentum(势头)are parental ambition for children facing a future in which China is almost certain to be a major player, and the government is worried about that America may get left behind in that new world.

The bottleneck is the supply of teachers. Mandarin instructors are difficult to import and difficult to train. There are visa problems in bringing over teachers from China but the biggest barrier is cultural. Teaching in Asia is generally done by rote and the change to western, interactive styles of instruction can be a large leap.

On the other hand, it requires enormous firmness for westerners to learn a language like Chinese, with its thousands of written characters. According to the Asia Society in New York, all of America’s teacher-training institutions turn out only a couple of dozen homegrown Mandarin teachers.

One way to ease the shortage is to find native Mandarin speakers and use fast-track methods to train them. However, the majority of Chinese-Americans grew up speaking Cantonese, the dialect spoken in Hong Kong, where their parents came from. Many are themselves signing on as Mandarin students at the private language schools springing up on the west coast.

1. Why are US parents so eager to make their children learn Mandarin?

A. They are urged by the government to do so.

B. They are afraid to be left behind by other parents.

C. They believe China will play a major role in the future world.

D. They are just carried away by Mandarin’s momentum.

2. The underlined word “rote”in the 4th paragraph probably refers to a teaching pattern which .

A. focuses on memory work

B. allows the students to think independently

C. is centered on interactive skills

D. puts much emphasis on examinations

3. What is the main problem in the Mandarin’s momentum in the US?

A. The lack of qualified teachers.

B. The cultural barrier between the east and west.

C. The Americans’lack of firmness.

D. The many written Chinese characters.

(3)

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1. Which magazine gives buyers the largest price advantage in percentage?

A. The New Yorker

B. Playboy

C. Nickelodeon

D. Lucky

2. If you are a housewife, which magazine will you probably buy?

A. The New Yorker

B. Playboy

C. Nickelodeon

D. Lucky

3. If you are asked to choose a magazine for a little boy, which one do you think is suitable?

A. The New Yorker

B. Playboy

C. Nickelodeon

D. Lucky

4. What information is contained in all the four magazines?

A. Sports

B. News

C. Entertainment

D. Trends

5. For each issue, which magazine is the cheapest according to the advertisement?

A. The New Yorker

B. Playboy

C. Nickelodeon

D. Lucky

2013年高考阅读理解推理判断题解答锦囊

每篇文章都有一定的写作目的，作者往往期待读者读了文章后知道应当怎样去做某些事情或按某种方式思考问题。这层意思通常并不是在文章申明确表达出来，而是隐含在文章之中。这就要求读者在阅读过程中去沟通外现的和内含的，已述的和未述的含义。这就需要仔细的阅读和认真的思考，在通盘理解文章的基础上去领会作者的言外之意，去掌握语言的微妙之处，真正欣赏和理解阅读的东西；阅读中的推论是很常见的，我们所读的一切几乎都可以做出程度不同的推论。

凡推断出的内容在文章中都没有明确叙述，但却暗含在文字之中。因此在进行推断时，必须以有关的文字部分作为推理的前提和依据。所谓推断，指根据推测而加以判断；而推测总是根据已知的信息推断出未知的信息。即把有关的文字作为已知部分，从中推断出未知部分。据以推理的有关文字部分可能是词或句子，也可能是若干句，甚至全文，要想做出精确的推断，必须注意以下四点。

1．细心地了解文章中所提供的全部信息和信息的各个方面。

2．分析已知的信息，用正确的观点，借助于一些常识，最大限度地捕捉到信息的本质。

3．注意词、句子的本义和与之有关的其他意义。

4．根据己知信息，即短文或有关的文字部分，做出的推断必须与作者的原意相符，切忌以自己的观点取代作者的原意。

推理判断往往包括数据事实推断，常识推断，逻辑结论以及推断作者的写作目的、态度、倾；向等几种类型。

1．数据事实推断：这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节。是比较简单的推断。首先在原文中找到据以推理的有关文字部分，对与数字有关的推断，只需简单推算，即可得出结果。对与事实有关的，要加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。

例题：

House prices in England increased sharply between 1971 and 1972. The following records how much a house in Chelsea London, had risen in price since 1955:

Take No. 29 Smith Terrace for example. In 1955,Jane Grey sold for ￡2,000. Mrs Bowena Black bought it for ￡4,900 and sold it nine years later to Bill and Dreen White for ￡22,950. Now four years later. 1)The price of the house was as high in 1972 as in the yearJane Grey sold it.

A. about ten times

B. twice

C. 150 percent

D. fifteen times

2)Mrs Bowena Black made a prof it (利润)of______.

A. ￡2,900

B. ￡8,典型例题￡7,典型例题 D. ￡18,典型例题Of all the tenants,who earned most?

A. The Whites.

B. Jane Grey.

C. Mrs Black.

D. Mr White.

4)When did Mrs Black buy the house?

A. 1971.

B. 1972

C. 1968.

D. 1959

5)Jane Grey lived at No. 29 Smith Terrace

A. for four years

B. for nine years

C. between 1971 and 1972

D. before 1955

6)If MrS B1aCk had waited four years to setl the house She would have earned as much as_______.

A．￡28，000 B．￡18，000 C．￡30，000 D．￡25，100

以上各题的推理前提均可在原文中找到。第1题的正确答案须从―In 1955，JaneGrey s 典型例题￡2，000，‖―…inl972，the house is valued at￡30，000；‖这两句话推知，D项对。第2题的正确答案应从―Mrs Bowena Black bought it for￡4，900and sold it nine years later to Billand Dreen White for￡22，9500'得知D项对。第3题的正确答案应从―…Jane Grey sold for ￡2，000．Mrs Bowena Black bought it for￡4，900 and so1d it nine years later to Bill andDreenWhitefOr￡22，950．‖推知，MrsBlack获利最多。第4题须从―Mrs Bosena Black…and sold it nine years…NOW four years later，inl972…．‖得知Mrs Black是在1959年买的房子，故D项为正确答案。第5题可从―Inl955，Jane Grey so1d it for￡2，000．‖推知D项正确。第6题须从―Mrs Bowena Black．．．￡4，900‖―．．．the house is valued at￡30，000‖两句话推知D项为正确答案。

2．常识推断：有些时候，文章里并没有提供任何可据以推断的材料，或虽有提供，但却不足以推出正确的未知事实。这时便须根据平常积累的有关知识来进行推断。

例: Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.

If metal is heated and then cooled very quicky, for example by dipping it in water, it will be very hard but also very brittle(脆)--that is, it will break easily. Metal that has been annealed is soft but does not break as easily. It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as is wished, by annealing it. The metal is heated, and allowed to cool slowly for a certain length of time. The longer the heated metal takes to cool slowly, the softer it becomes. Annealing can also be used on other mate rials, such as glass. Why do people put hot metal in water? A. To make it hard. B. To make it soft. C. To make it cool. B. To make it brittl

从文中―by dipping it in water，it will be very hard but also very brittle.‖这一信息还不足以推出正确答案。然后根据物理常识，在制造各种工具时，往往采取淬火这一工艺，其目的是使金属变硬以便制成锋利的工具。即可推出选项A为正确答案。

3．逻辑结论：这类推断比前两种困难得多。在阅读过程中，读者必须对文章的全部事实或细节作通盘考虑，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论。结论是根据事实作出的惟一决定。要想从一个句子，一个段落或一篇文章中得出正确的结论，读者必须学会善于思考，不断提高自己

的逻辑思维能力。

例Have you ever heard of a sport called tubing? Hundreds of people float down a rushing river at once in old truck-tire tubes. Sometimes many hold hands. At first the ride is bumpy and frightful, for the narrow river rushes swiftly. Then the river widens and grows calm. Never try tubing alone or in rapids, however.

The story suggests that tubing________.

A. should not be done in moving water

B. is done mainly by truck drivers

C. costs a lot of money

D. can be dangerous

根据文中内容数百人乘坐着旧卡车，轮胎在湍急的河水中向下游漂去，颠簸而可怕，可推知这项运动是十分危险的。D项为正确答案。

4．推断作者的写作目的、态度，文章的语气等：这类推断要求对论述对象持何种态度、思想倾向作出判断。如作者对所陈述的观点是赞成，还是反对，对记叙或描写的人或事等是喜欢，或是厌恶；是同情或是冷漠。作者的这种态度和感情色彩不一定直接表述出来，而往往隐含在字里行间，或者流露于修饰的词语之中。因此要做好这类推断须综观全文，掌握主题思想，并以此为推理的前提，还要注意文章的措辞，把握文章论述的基调。

例: Some people are never right. They never have good luck. They usually do the wrong thing and say the wrong thing. And even if what they say or do is OK, they as a rule say it or do it at the wrong time. So these people always have problems. They often break dishes. They sometimes miss buses and airplanes.

Mr Neff is different. He is always right. He is never wrong. He usually has good luck. He seldom has problems. He never breaks dishes. He never misses buses or airplanes. Even if he does miss them? it is always'the fault of the buses or the airplanes.

Mr Neff knows almost everything. He doesn't ask questions? he answers questions. He never says, "I don't know."

I don't know Mm Neff. It seems that not many people know her. I sometimes wonder about her. Is she always right? Or maybe she is always wrong? Dces she often break dishes or miss buses?

Does she have problems? I wonder.

1)Which of the following do you think gives the most important trait (特性) of Mr Neffs character?

A. He is a very wise man.

B. He plans everything well.

C. He is moral and upright.

D. He is very satisfied with himself.

2)Which of the following do you guess is true of Mrs Neff?

A. She probably obeys her husband in everything.

B. She probably feels very proud to be a help of her husband.

C. She probably quarrels with her husband all the time.

D. She probably feels very happy to have such a successful husband.

3)Which of the following best describes the writer's attitude towards Mr Neff?

A. He finds Mr Neff hard to understand.

B. He thinks Mr Neff wonderful.

C. He feels pity for Mr Neff.

D. He does not like Mr Neff.

以上各题的答案均没有直接表述在短文里，必须从字里行间悟出作者的言外之意。本文记叙的是一位一贯正确的人Mr Neff。根据这一主题，可推知他对自己的一切都很满意。第1题选项D为正确答案。从Mr Neff事事正确，而Mr Neff又鲜为人知出发，可得出结论Neff夫人在任何事情上都服从于她丈夫这一事实，故第2题A为正确项。尽管短文中没有直接陈述作者对MrNeff这一人物的态度，但从主题思想和某些措辞中仍可悟出作者对Mr Neff很讨厌这一事实。如作者在文章中一再使用―Never‖，一词，并还写到．．．Even if he does miss them，it is alway Sthe fault of the buses of the airplanes．‖等来暗示他对Mr Neff的厌恶之情，故第3题D为正确答案。

在阅读理解题中，有关针对段落或短文的特定细节、主题思想、常识，以及作者的写作态度、目的等的推断题，常见题型有：

1. We can infer from the passage (paragraph, fact, example... ) that_______.

2. The writer suggests that_______.

3. From the passage (paragraph, story... ), we can tell_______.

4. The passage implies, but does not directly state that_______.

5. We may conclude from the passage that_______.

6. The writer's (author's) attitude toward is_______.

7. The tone of the passage is_______.

Ⅰ高考最新热门题

1.(典型例题

Tristan da Cunha, a 38-square-mile isand, is the farthest inhabited island in the world, according to the Guinness Book of Records. It is 1,510 miles west of its nearest neighour, ST. Helena,and 1,950 miles west of Africa. Discov- ered by the Portuguese admiral(葡萄牙海军上将)of the same name

in 15典型例题settled in 1810, the isand belongs to Great Britain and has a population of few hundred.

Coming in a close second--and often wrongly mentioned as the most distant land--is Easter Island, which lies 1,260 miles east of its nearest neighbor, Pitcairn Island, and 2,300 miles west of South America.

The mountainous 64-square-mile island was settled around ther 5th century, supposedly by people who were lost at sea. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years,giving them plenty of time to build more than 1,000 huge stone figures, called moai, for which the island is most famous.

On Easter Sunday, 1722, however, settlers from Holland moved in and gave the island its name. today, 2,000 people live on the Chilean territory(智利领土). They share one street, a small airport, and a few hours of television per day.

1. It can be learned from the text that the island of tristan da Cunha_______.

A. was named after its discoverer

B. got its name from Holland settlers

C. was named by the British govenment

D. got its name from the Guinness Book of Records

2. Wich of the following is most famous for moai?

A. Tristan da Cunha.

B. Pitcairn Island

C. Easter Island.

D. St. Helena.

3. Which country does Easter Island belong to?

A. Britain.

B. Hollland.

C. Portugal.

D. Chile

命题目的与解题技巧：本文的命题目的考查学生推理判断能力。做这类题的技巧在于：首先在原文中找到据以推理的有关文字部分，借助于一些常识，然后加以分析推理，最终作出判断。

解析：本文介绍了TristandaCunha岛的来历，地理位置及人们的生活状况。

答案：1．A 这是一道推断题。从第一段第三句，这小岛名字是以岛屿发现者的名字来命名的。

2．C 这理一道细节推断题，可从第二段、第三段，尤其是第三段第二句找到，Easterlsland(复活节岛)是智利在南太平洋上的一个小岛。

3．D 这是一道细节推断题，可从第四段找到。请留意该段中的On Easter Sunday(在复活节上)，暗示了Easter Island (复活节岛)。此外，该段有on the Chilean territory(智利领土)的字样，就很容易判断出该哪一个答案了。

2.(典型例题

Garmes will rock to the sound of a cancan dance this year when Moulin Rouge by the Australian director Baz Luhnnann opens the French film festival (电影节) in May. The musical stars Nicole Kidman as a singer, and John Leguizamo as the artist Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. It will be competing for the Paime d'Or, the festival's top prize. The festival runs to May 21.

The American actor Tommy Lee Jones, 54, has married his longtime girlfriend. Dawn Maria Laurel, 36, in a private wedding in San Antonio. "It wasn't a big todo,' said Fred Biery, a U. S. District Judge who performed the service. He refused to discuss things further. "These are very private people," he said.

Loretta Lynn is being treated for a very bad cold in Tennessee and will miss several appearances. The country singer, 65, was admitted to a hospital near her home in Hurricane Mills. "She is in good condition, but the doctors are watching her closely," a spokeswoman said.

The French-Algerian singer Enrico Macias was named a United Nations peace messenger. Enrico joins eight other people who act as goodwill envoys(使者) for the United Nations, among them are the writer Elie Wiesel and the basketball player Magic Johnson.

1. We can learn from the text that Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec is_______.

A. a figure in a film

B. a dancer in a show

C. a country singer

D. a prize winner

2. We know from the text that_______.

A. Moulin Rouge won the top prize in a film festival

B. Loretta Lynn is under the doctors' care

D. eight people serve as the UN goodwill envoys

D. Fred Biery was Tommy Lee Jones's assistant

3. This text most probably appears in_______.

A. a book on film stars

B. a film review in a magazine

C. a newspaper

D. a notice

Passage 1 (典型例题

Giving Back Fair Way

The Westborough High School golf team had taken the of- ficial photos with the state prize. The other teams, disappoint- ed, were on the bus heading home. And then Westborough in-

structor Greg Rota noticed something wrong on one of the score cards. A 9 had been recorded as a 7. They were not the state prize winner; Woburn High had won. "No one would have known, "said Woburn's instructor, Bob Doraru For Rota, it wasn't a difficult decision." The prize wasn't ours to take. '

"Coin Stars"

"College students are lazy, but they also want to help" says University of Pennsylvania graduate Dana Hork. So she made it easy, placing cups in rooms where students could leave their spare coins, and handing out cups to first-year students to keep in their rooms. Her" Change for Change" effort has collected $ 40,000 for charities (慈善机构) , which were decided upon by students. Never Forgotten A school in Massachusetts received a $ 9. 5 million check from Jacques LeBermuth But it took officials several days of digging to discover his connection to the school Records showed the LeBermuth came from Belgium and studied in the school in the 1920s. When his family fell on hard times, he was offered free room and board. LeBermuth became a trader, owned shares of AT&T and lived off the earnings until he died, at age 89.

1. What did Greg Rota probably do in the end?

A. Took photos of Doran.

B. Had a meeting with Doran.

C. Returned the prize to the organizer.

D. Apologized to Woburn High Schook

答案: C 指导：考查根据文章内容进行推理判断的能力。获奖队的教练自己发现了错误，而且决定这个奖不能拿，那么接下来推断肯定是要把奖送回去。

2. Greg Rota's decision shows that he was _______.

A. honest

B. polite

C. careful

D. friendly

答案: A 指导：考查根据文章内容进行推理判断的能力。从Greg Rota自己发现错误到决定把奖送回，表明他性格中的诚实。因此答案为honest．

3. The underlined word "Change" in the second paragraph means_______.

A. Idea

B. Decision

C. Cups

D. Coins

答案: D 指导：考查猜测词义的能力。Change for Change中的第一个change指的是―零钱‖，第二个change是表示―变化‖。两个change在一起肯定意思不同，关键在于首先应该明白change的不同含义，再根据文章内容进行判断。因为募集的零钱都捐给了慈善机构，改变了其他一些人的生活。所以介词for后面的change应该是目的表―变化‖，那么第一个就是―零钱‖。

4. What did the school officials do after receiving the check from Mr. LeBermuth?

A They tried to find out why he gave them the money.

B. They went to Belgium to pay their respects to him.

C. They dug out the records that were buried underground.

D. They decided to offer their students free room and board.

答案: A 指导：考查对文章事实细节的理解，依据是第三段文字的第二句话。

5. Jacques LBermuth gave the money to the school because_______.

A. the school asked for it

B. he had no need for that much money

C. the school had helped him in the past

D. he wanted to be remembered by the students

答案: C 指导：考查根据文章内容进行推理判断的能力。学校在Jacques LeB-ermuth困难的时候帮助过他，所以他寄来950万美元的支票回报学校。

Pssage 2 (典型例题

It was an early September day, cool and bright and just right for running, and I was in the first few miles of a 10-mile race over a course (路线) with a few high hills. Still, I felt energetic; despite the hills it was going to be a fine run.

Just ahead of me was Peggy Mimno, a teacher from Mount Kisco, New York. She too was running easily, moving along at my speed. The pace(步速) felt comfortable, so 1 decided to stay where I was; why pay attention to pace when she was setting such a nice one? I'd overtake (追上) her later on when she tired.

So I ran behind her. The course headed north for five miles, wandered west for a hilly mile, then turned south again along a winding road. The race was getting harder. We had four miles left and already it was beginning to be real work.

Peggy overtook a young runner. She seemed to know him, for they exchanged a few cheerful words as she passed him. Their exchange worried me. You don't chat during a race unless you are feeling good, and Peggy plainly was.

Still, I was close enough to overtake her if she tired, so I didn't give up hope completely. We were getting nearer to a long punishing hill now and it would be the test. We were a mile from the finish line, so whatever happened on the hill would almost certainly determine who crossed it first.

As I moved up the hill, my attention wandered for a few minutes. When I looked up, Peggy was moving away--first five yards, then ten, then more. Finally it was clear that there was no hope of catching her. She beat me soundly.

There is an important lesson in that race. Women are thought to be weaker, slower and not nearly as skilled in sport. Yet as Peggy Mimno so clearly showed, the similarities between men and women runners are more important than the differences. I have run with a number of women, and I can say that it is often hard work.

1. What did the writer think of the race in the beginning?

A. It would be hard work.

C. It would be an easy race.

C. It would be a test of his strength.

D. It would be a good learning experience.

答案: B 指导：首先要审清题干，注意题干中的inthebeginning。

本文第一段、第二段中的一些词如energetic，a fine run，running easily，comfortable等都反映出作者开始认为这场比赛不会很难。

2. What worried the writer when Peggy greeted the young runner?

A. Peggy overtook the young runner.

B. Peggy was running energetically.

C. Peggy was laughing at the writer.

D. Peggy paid no attention to the writer.

答案: B 指导：由第四段倒数第一句"You don't chat during a race unless you are feeling good‖可知作者认为：你在比赛中聊天表示你感觉很好。而上句peggy恰恰在比赛中聊天反映出作者认为Peggy在比赛中的感觉，作为Peggy的对手，他当然很担心。

3. By saying" a long, punishing hill"(Paragraph 5) , the writer implies that_______.

A. Peggy would fail to reach the hilltop

B. men are more skilled at climbing hills

C. overtaking Peggy would be easy

D. climbing the hill would be a demanding task

答案: D 指导：下句中的test一词，能够反映作者当时的感觉，所以D为最佳选项。

4. What lesson does the writer learn from the race?

A. Women are as good as men in sport.

B. Women are better at climbing hills.

C. He should have more training in a cross-country race.

D. He should set a quicker pace at the beginning of a race.

答案: A 指导：文章倒数第一段倒数第一、二句是做此题的关键句。

Passage3 (典型例题

Deserts are found where there is little rainfall or where rain for a whole year falls in only a

few weeks' time. Ten inches of rain may be enough for many plants to survive (存活) if the rain is spread throughout the year. If it falls within one or two months and the rest of the year is dry, those plants may die and a desert may form.

Sand begins as tiny pieces of rock that get smaller and smaller as wind and weather wear them down. Sand dunes (沙丘) are formed as winds move the sand across the desert. Bit by bit, the dunes grow over the years, always moving with the winds and changing the shape. Most of them are only a few feet tall, but they can grow to be several hundred feet high.

There is, however, much more to a desert than sand. In the deserts of the southwestern United States, cliffs (悬崖) and deep valleys were formed from thick mud that once lay beneath a sea more than millions of years ago. Over the centuries, the water dried up. Wind, sand, rain, heat and cold all wore away at the remaining rocks. The faces of the desert mountains are always changing--very, very slowly--as these forces of nature continue to work on the rock.

Most deserts have a surprising variety of life. There are plants, animals and insects that have adapted to life in the deserr. During the heat of the day, a visitor may see very few signs of living things, but as the air begins to cool in the evening, the desert comes to life. As the sun begins to rise again in the sky, the desert once again becomes quiet and lonely.

1. Many plants may survive in deserts when_______.

A. the rain is spread out in a year

B. the rain falls only in a few weeks

C. there is little rain in a year

D. it is dry all the year round .

答案:A 指导：通过第一段内容可推出，此外作为中学生都应该有这样的常识，这题应是一个送分题。

2. Sand dunes are formed when_______.

A. sand piles up gradually

B. there is plenty of rain in a year

C. the sea has dried up over the years

D. pieces of rock get smaller

答案: A 指导：第二段第二句给出了明确答案。

3. The underlined sentence in the third paragraph probably means that in a desert there is_______.

A. too much sand

B. more sand than before

C. nothing except sand

D. something else besides sand

答案: D 指导：首先理解画线句子中的more．．．than(与……相比多于，不只是)，然后根据本段其他句子进行推断。划线部分在本段是topic sentence，其他的句子是supporting sentence. 如果不明白主题句，可从支撑句中去推断，反之也是如此。

4. It can be learned from the text that in a desert_______.

A. there is no rainfall throughout the year

B. life exists in rough conditions

C. all sand dunes are a few feet high

D. rocks are worn away only by wind and heat

答案：B 指导：文章最后一段介绍了一些生活在严酷环境的沙漠中的生物情况。Passage 4 (典型例题Do you want to live another 100 years or more? Some experts say that scientific advances will one day enable humans to last tens of years beyond what is now seen as the natural limit of the human life span.

"I think we are knocking at the door of immortality (永生) ,' said Michael Zey, a Montclair State University business professor and author of two books on the future. "I think by 2075 we will see it and that's a conservative estimate(保守的估计)."

At the conference in San Francisco, Donald Louria, a professor at New Jersey Medical School in Newark said advances in using genes as well as nanotechnology(纳米技术)make it likely that humans will live in the future beyond what has been possible in the past. "There is a great push so that people can live from 120 to 180 years, "he said. "Some have suggested that there is no limit and that people could live to 200 or 300 or 500 years. '

However, many scientists who specialize in ageing are doubtful about it and say the human body is just not designed to last about 120 years. Even with healthier lifestyles and less disease, they say failure of the brain and organs will finally lead all humans to death.

Scientists also differ on what kind of life the super aged might live. "It remains to be seen if you pass 120, you know; could you be healthy enough to have good quality of life?" said Leonard Peon, director of the University of Georgia Gerontology Centre "At present people who could get to that point are not in good health at alL'

1. By saying" we are knocking at the door of immortality", Michael Zey means_______.

A. they believe that there is no limit of living

B. they are sure to find the truth about long living

C. they have got some ideas about living forever

D. they are able to make people live past the present life span

答案: C 指导：immortality的意思为―永生‖，所以MichaelZey觉得人可以长生不死。

2. Donald Louria's attitude toward long living is that

A. people can live from 120 to 180

B. it is still doubtful how long humans can live

C. the human body is designed to last about 120 years

D. it is possible for humans to live longer in the future

答案: D 指导：从第三段Donald的谈话可知，他认为人可以活120～180岁甚至更久，200～300岁。A项表述不完整。

3. The underlined"it' ( Paragraph 4) refers to _______.

A. a great push

B. the idea of living beyond the present life span

C. the idea of living from 200 to 300 years

D. the conservative estimate

答案: B指导：全文谈的都是人的寿命能否超越现在的期限，故选B.

4. What would be the best tide for this text?

A. Living Longer or Not

B. Science, Technology and Long Living

C. No Limit for Human Life

D. Healthy Lifestyle and Long Living

答案: A 指导：参考上题指导。

Passage 5 (典型例题

Who is there among us who hasn't dreamed of having his or her own small ( maybe, several years later, even big) business, and having wonderful freedom, both from a boss and from the time clock: the freedom to make up our own rules for our work, and our own plans--arranging our own hours of work? That way work would be both painless and fun. Or, so we imagine.

Well, in fact it isn't quite as simple as that. Yes, it is true that being the boss has its satisfactions and that you can arrange your working hours freely if you own your own small business. But in those early years of starting your own business, you shouldn't think of a free day, not to mention flying off for a month's vacation. It is not unusual for new business owners to work seventy or eighty hours a week, and if there is a day off, that day might need to be devoted to accounting(算账).

But this negative picture doesn't destroy the beautiful hopes. The possibility of getting something wonderful in return--both material and mental--continues to drive that large number of people who start up small businesses each year in the United States.

1. From the first paragraph, we know that everybedy bopes_______.

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