【英语备考】中考英语阅读理解题型的解题技巧及训练(答案解析)经典

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中考英语阅读理解题型分类推荐度：
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一、中考英语阅读理解汇编

1．阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

The world has a plastics problem. And not just with bottles. Straws （吸管）, toothbrushes, toys—all kinds of plastics are placed in landfills. There are 5 billion tons of plastic waste in the world. Landfills have a large part of it. By 2050, they could have 13 billion tons.

Much of plastic rubbish finds its way into the ocean. Scientists say 165 million tons of plastic pieces are floating around out there. And most plastic won't disappear itself. It will remain in the ocean forever. Whales get caught in plastic fishing nets. Birds die because of eating plastic straws and bottle caps. It endangers ocean life. Plastic rubbish even ends up in the food we eat.

Governments are realizing that recycling may not be enough. They are taking more actions. Though it is hard work, it is still a solvable problem. In Britain, people are not allowed to use plastic bags except in hospitals. Scotland and several coastal cities in the US stop people from using plastic straws as well. The US alone throws away some 500 million plastic straws a day. That's enough to circle the Earth twice. "Saying no to a plastic straw is an easy way to make a big difference," Diana Lofflin who started 1eb4b1db11661ed9ad51f01dc281e53a590251d6 said. "'Do we really want to pass on to our children a world harmed by plastic?"

People have found some tasty ways to reduce waste. A company in India made the first-ever spoon that people can eat. You don't have to eat the spoon. You can throw it away. It decomposes （分解）in just a few days. David Edwards, a scientist at Harvard University, designed an eatable bag which can protect the food or drink inside. It is a delicious replacement for plastic ones.

（1）According to the writer, birds die because they ________.

A. eat bottle caps and straws

B. get caught in fishing nets

C. feed on ocean animals

D. have the spoons in India

（2）The underlined word "endangers" in Paragraph 2 probably means ________.

A. brings

B. loses

C. harms

D. saves

（3）The purpose of the passage is mainly to ________.

A. introduce some ways to recycle waste

B. tell readers about the problem with plastics

C. compare air pollution and plastic pollution

D. describe how the US is reducing plastic waste

（4）From the passage, we can tell that the plastics problem ________.

A. is too big for people to solve

B. can be solved by recycling alone

C. can be solved, but it won't be easy

D. will have to be solved by future scientists

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要介绍塑料对环境和人类和动物伤害。各国政府意识

到，回收利用可能不够。人们找到了一些减少浪费的好方法。印度的一家公司制造了第一个人们可以吃的勺子。你不必吃勺子。你可以扔掉它。它在几天内就分解了。哈佛大学的科学家大卫爱德华兹设计了一个可食的袋子，可以保护里面的食物或饮料。很好吃的替代品。

（1）细节理解题。根据Birds die because of eating plastic straws and bottle caps. 可知鸟死于吃塑料吸管和瓶盖，故选A。

（2）词义猜测题。根据Much of plastic rubbish finds its way into the ocean. Scientists say 165 million tons of plastic pieces are floating around out there. And most plastic won't disappear itself. It will remain in the ocean forever. 可知塑料永久处在于海洋之中，部分自动分解，就会伤害到鲸鱼、鸟和海洋生物。A：brings 带来；B：loses 损失；C：harms 伤害；D：saves拯救。故选C。

（3）文章大意题。根据文章大意告诉读者塑料对环境、人类和动物的伤害及解决的办法。故选B。

（4）推理判断题。根据By 2050, they could have 13 billion tons.和 Governments are realizing that recycling may not be enough.及You can throw it away. It decomposes （分解） in just a few days. It is a delicious replacement 可知塑料问题可以解决，但不是很容易的事情，故选C。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

2．阅读理解

Sun bears（马来熊）are the smallest of the world's eight bears species（物种）. They have a black coat and a white or golden colour on their bodies. Their homes are in the tropical（热带雨林）of Southeast Asia. They live in trees and eat both plants and animals. They can grow to be 1.4 metres in height and 65 kilograms in weight. They usually live alone and are happy to spend most of their time by themselves.

Scientists studied sun bears in the Bornean Sun Bear Conservation Center. They found that although sun bears live alone, they have developed a surprising social skill. They can copy （模仿）other sun bear's facial expression （面部表情）as a form of communication. They can even copy exact muscular （肌肉的） movements that other sun bears make— such as making a face.

The ability to copy facial expressions is found in humans, gorilla's （大猩猩）, some monkeys and some other animals. But until now, only humans and gorillas have the ability to exactly copy

facial expressions. However, scientists found that sun bears can copy facial expression as well as humans and gorillas. This surprised them because sun bears are alone and they have no close relationship with human beings.

Although they live alone in the wild, the sun bears in the study often played gently with each other. Sometimes they played with faster actions as hitting and biting. Scientists are still not sure

what messages the sun bears were sending to one another.

（1）According to the passage, where do sun bears usually live?

A. In caves.

B. In trees.

C. By the river.

D. On the ice.

（2）From the passage, we can learn something about sun bears EXCEPT that _______________.

A. they like to live alone in the wild and only eat animals

B. they can copy other sun bears' facial expressions for communications

C. they can copy exact muscular movements of other sun bears

D. they have no close relationship with human beings

（3）Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?

A. A warm home on the earth

B. A brave animal in the forest

C. A new friend of human beings

D. A surprising skill of sun bears

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章主要介绍了世界上八个熊类物种中最小的马来熊的栖息

环境，生活习性以及他们所拥有的能力。虽然马来熊在科学研究中经常表现得很文静，有

时候会快速的击打撕咬，但是科学家仍然不知道他们如何传提信息。

（1）细节理解题，根据 They live in trees ，可知马来熊生活在树上，故答案是B。

（2）细节理解题，根据 They live in trees and eat both plants and animals. 可知马来熊既吃动

物也吃植物，并不是只吃动物，故答案是A。

（3）标题判断题，根据文章的第二段可知，马来熊有着令人吃惊的社交技能，故答案是

D。

【点评】考查阅读理解，本文涉及到了细节理解题和标题判断题，细节理解题一般比较简

单，可以直接从文章中找到答案，标题判断题则需要在充分理解文章的基础上抓住中心凝

练句式，得出正确结论。

3．阅读理解

Or I fear you never will learn at all."

But the little kite said, "I'm afraid I'll fall."

The big kite said, "Ah, well, good-bye;

I am off." And he rose towards the sky.

Then the little kite's paper stirred（微动）.

And he shook himself free for flight.

First whirling（回旋） and scared, then bravery grown,

Up, up he rose through the air alone,

While far below he could see the ground,

And the boys like small ants moving round.

"Oh, how happy I am!" the little kite cried.

"And all because I was brave and tried."

（1）This writing is a/an .

A. ad

B. poem

C. notice

D. story

（2）When the little kite was afraid, the big kite .

A. helped it to fly

B. laughed at it

C. said nothing to it

D. encouraged it

（3）The little kite flew high at last because it .

A. tried bravely

B. was careful

C. grew up

D. was free

【答案】（1）B

（2）D

（3）A

【解析】【分析】文章大意：这篇文章是一首小诗，主要是通过小风筝学会高飞这个故事来告诉人们做事情要有勇气。

（1）推理判断题。根据文章内容可知这篇文章是一首小诗，故选B 。

（2）细节理解题。根据文章："Try, "said the big kite, "only try!Or I fear you never will learn at all. "可知大风筝是在鼓励小风筝，故选D。

（3）细节理解题。根据文章：First whirling （回旋）and scared , then bravery grown ,Up, up he rose through the air alone ,可知小风筝最后飞上高空是因为它很勇敢，故选A。

【点评】考查阅读理解。快速阅读全文，掌握文章大意，并认真阅读题目，把握好相应的文章细节，做出正确解答。

4．阅读理解

Why is music so important to children? Here are some of my thoughts on the subject.

Music has a positive（积极的） effect on young children's development!

New research shows that music has a good influence on young children's cognitive（认知的）skills, such as spatial reasoning（空间推理）and memory. Research also shows that offering children an interesting environment can support children's healthy growth and development.

Young children enjoy making music with others!

Making music with others gives children a wonderful feeling of belonging to the group. Children might have difficulty joining in activities with others because they are shy, have limited

language ability or special needs, but they can freely take part in a music activity.

Music makes young children happy!

Children seem to experience much pleasure and joy when listening to music, making music and dancing to music. Whether they are singing along to a CD, playing an instrument or dancing to music around the classroom, most children seem to thoroughly（彻底地） enjoy participating in a music activity. How wonderful it is to offer children the chance to do some activities about music!

（1）New research shows that music can improve young children's skills.

A. cognitive

B. reading

C. writing

D. speaking

（2）Which is one of the reasons that children have difficulty joining in activities with others?

A. They don't know others.

B. They want to play games alone.

C. They are shy.

D. They don't like music.

（3）Which one of the following has the same meaning as "participate in"?

A. come into

B. arrive at

C. take part in

D. get used to

（4）There are of the author's thoughts on the subject.

A. two

B. three

C. four

D. five

（5）What's the best title for the passage?

A. How to Make Music with Others

B. The Influence of Music on Children

C. What Wonderful Music

D. The Importance of Music in Early Childhood

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）C

（4）B

（5）D

【解析】【分析】文章大意：音乐对儿童的发展非常重要，孩子们在听音乐、做音乐和随

音乐跳舞时，似乎体验到了许多快乐，我们应该多给孩子们提供一些音乐活动的机会。（1）细节理解题。根据文中的语句New research shows that music has a good influence on young children's cognitive skills, such as spatial reasoning and memory. 可知，音乐对幼儿的认

知能力和记忆有很好的影响，故选A。

（2）细节理解题。根据文中的语句 Children might have difficulty joining in activities with others because they are shy, 可知，孩子们可能会因为害羞、语言能力有限或特殊需要而难

以与他人一起参加活动，故选C。

（3）词义推断理解题。根据文中的语句most children seem to thoroughly enjoy participating in a music activity.可知，大多数孩子似乎都非常喜欢参加音乐活动，其中participating的含义，参加，加入；相当于take part in，故选C。

（4）理解归纳题。通读全文可知，作者对这个观点的看法有三个方面加以论述，故选B。（5）标题归纳题。通读全文可知，此文主要介绍了音乐对儿童发展的重要影响，故选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文考查细节题和主旨题等常考题型，细节题要注意从文中抓住

关键词寻找答案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出主题句。

5．阅读理解

What do you usually do on your smartphone? Send text messages, make phone calls or play video games? Now, thanks to a beginner-friendly programming（程序设计） tool, kids can do more than just play games on their smartphones-they can make their own games.

US high school student Samuel Ndungi spent a few months learning how to make apps（应用软件）for smart-phones.

"I was really shocked that you could do this on your own," Ndungi said "I thought only people from Microsoft and big companies could do this."

Ndungi took a class run by his teacher, Michael Braun. In Braun's class, kids learned how to use the beginner-friendly programming tool to program their own mobile apps.

This tool is called TouchDevelop. It puts basic instructions（基本指令）into blocks of code （代码）, and kids can put them together like Legos to run games, stories and other apps.

With TouchDevelop, student Tony Huynh learned how to make his own games. "You get to put your own thoughts into the game, like the animals you want, the kinds of backgrounds you would like to see, and so on," he said.

Another student Shina Williams wrote a program with about 80 lines of code that paints a picture of his childhood Teddy Bear." It's your own creativity, your own mark（印记）of something that's put in there and it stays in there, " she said.

Coding is more than just a job skill. Children who learn coding also find new ways to think, create and express themselves.

（1）What can kids do with beginner-friendly programming tools?

A. Send text messages.

B. Make phone calls.

C. Play games.

D. Make their own games.（2）How did Ndungi feel when he wrote an app for his mobile phone?

A. Surprised.

B. Disappointed.

C. Confident.

D. Cheerful.

（3）Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. Braun teaches his students how to make zegos.

B. TouchDevelop is a beginner-friendly programming tool.

C. Only people from Microsoft and big companies could make apps.

D. Kids get to put others' thoughts into the game with TouchDevelop.

（4）Why is coding more than just a job skill?

A. Because it's easy for students to learn coding.

B. Because coding plays an important role in finding a new job.

C. Because people can put basic instructions into blocks of code.

D. Because coding makes people more creative and finds new ways to express themselves.

（5）In which section of a magazine can the passage be found?

A. Sports.

B. Business.

C. Technology.

D. Advertisement.

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）B

（4）D

（5）C

【解析】【分析】主要讲了美国初中生可以用智能手机上的程序设计工具制作自己的游戏等。

（1）细节题。根据Now, thanks to a beginner-friendly programming（程序设计）tool, kids can do more than just play games on their smartphones-they can make their own games.可知孩子们用程序设计工具来制作自己的游戏，故选D。

（2）细节题。根据"I was really shocked that you could do this on your own,"可知他是震惊的，即惊讶的，故选A。

（3）细节题。根据kids learned how to use the beginner-friendly programming tool to program their own mobile apps.This tool is called TouchDevelop.可知TouchDevelop是程序设计工具，故选B。

（4）细节题。根据Coding is more than just a job skill. Children who learn coding also find new ways to think, create and express themselves.可知代码不仅仅是一个工作技能，孩子们也可以发现新的思考和创造方式，并且表达自己，故选D。

（5）细节题。根据全文可知主要讲了美国初中生可以用智能手机上的程序设计工具制作自己的游戏等。即属于科技，故选C。

【点评】考查阅读理解，主要考查细节题，注意从文中仔细寻找答案。

6．阅读理解

Andrew Hollennan, a 12-year-old boy, loved playing in the open land near his home. The land was wet and forested, and made a home for birds, other animals and many different plants. It made the perfect place for him to study and get to know the nature. He had seen some red- tail hawks, red foxes, wood turtles and other animals. He also found special native flowers.

Suddenly it was announced that the "empty" land would be improved by a lot of houses on it. The plants would be removed, the animals would run away and most would probably die. Then the wet soil would be covered with extra grounds. When he heard about the news, he was not happy. He was very worried that the land and water would be polluted.

Andrew wrote down clearly all the researches he had down about the area, and how the houses would affect the local environment. He sent letters to members of local government and television reporters. He also called on his neighbors to oppose the building of the houses. Although he was only 12 years old, he had the courage and wisdom of a person much older. Andrew's teachers described him as gentle, shy and active. His classmates also admired how much he knew about local animals and plants, and the environment. Each day after school, Andrew went door-to-door, to ask the people to sign, who did not want the houses to be built. In only one month, he got the signatures of 250 people.

In the end, the land remained a safe place for birds, animals and plants that belonged there.

Andrew won many prizes for his brave and great work to stop the houses being built, and thus help save the environment.

（1）The passage is mainly about _______.

A. 250 people who signed to help Andrew

B. a brave boy who cared for the environment

C. the open land that suited animals and plants

D. the research on improving the environment

（2）The underlined word "oppose" in the passage probably means______.

A. support

B. dislike

C. disagree

D. prefer

（3）Andrew was very worried because _______.

A. the animals would be killed

B. new houses would be built on the open land

C. not all the neighbors were going to sign

D. he was praised by his teachers and classmates.

（4）We can infer that _______.

A. The land would remain as it used to be

B. The open land would be built into a park

C. The neighbors would have to move away

D. Andrew would soon work for the government

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】主要讲了12岁的小男孩Andrew是怎样阻止建筑物在空地上建立的。（1）主旨题。根据全文可知主要讲了12岁的小男孩Andrew是怎样阻止建筑物在空地上建立的。，即是怎样关心环境的，故选B。

（2）推断题。根据全文可知Andrew反对建立建筑物，所以他号召邻居反对建筑物的建立，所以oppose意思是反对，不同意，即disagree，故选C。

（3）细节题。根据Suddenly it was announced that the "empty" land would be improved by a lot of houses on it.可知新建筑物将在空地上被建立，所以Andrew是担心的，故选B。（4）推断题。根据In the end, the land remained a safe place for birds, animals and plants that belonged there.可知最后，这片土地仍然是属于那里的鸟类、动物和植物的安全之地。即这片陆地仍然和以前一样，故选A。

7．阅读理解

When I was about 12, I had an enemy, a girl who liked to point out my shortcomings （缺点）. Sometimes she said I was thin. Sometimes she said I was lazy. Sometimes she said I wasn't a good student. Sometimes she said I talked too much, and so on. I tried to put up with （忍受） her as long as I could. At last, I became very angry. I ran to my father with tears in my eyes.

He listened to me quietly, and then he asked, "Are the things she said true or not? Mary, didn't you ever wonder what you're really like? Go and make a list of everything she said and mark the

points that are true. Pay no attention to the other things she said."

I did as he told me and to my surprise, I discovered that about half the things were true.

I brought the list back to my dad. He refused to take it. "That's just for you," he said. "You know better than anyone else the truth about yourself. When something said about you is true, you'll find it will be helpful to you. Don't shut your ears. Listen to them all, but hear the truth and do what you think is right."

Many years have passed. The situation often appears in my mind. In our life we often meet with some trouble and we often go to someone and ask for advice. For some advice you will treasure （珍惜） all your life!

（1）What did the writer's father do after he heard her complaints （抱怨）?

A. He agreed with her "enemy".

B. He let her continue to put up with her "enemy".

C. He told her to write down all her "enemy" had said about her.

D. He told her not to pay attention to what her "enemy" had said.

（2）The writer felt________ when she did the things as her father had told her.

A. surprised

B. angry

C. disappointed

D. sad

（3）Which of the following can we know from the passage?

A. The "enemy" thought the writer was pretty.

B. The "enemy" thought the writer studied hard.

C. The writer and her "enemy" became best friends at last.

D. The writer is thankful to her father.

（4）Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?

A. My Parents

B. A Serious Criticism （批评）

C. What People Say About You Is Always Right

D. The Best Advice I Have Ever Had

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）D

（4）D

【解析】【分析】主要讲了作者12岁时有一个女孩喜欢指出作者的缺点，起初作者是不高兴的，在爸爸的劝说下发现女孩说的一半都是自己的缺点，认识到在我们的生活中，我们经常遇到一些麻烦，我们经常去找别人寻求建议。为了一些建议，你会珍惜你的一生！（1）细节题。根据Go and make a list of everything she said and mark the points that are true.可知爸爸让女儿把“敌人”说的每一句话都列一张单子，把正确的地方标出来。故选C。（2）细节题。根据I did as he told me and to my surprise, I discovered that about half the things were true.我照他说的做了，令我吃惊的是，我发现大约一半的事情是真的，可知作者是惊讶的，故选A。

（3）推断题。根据I did as he told me and to my surprise, I discovered that about half the things were true.我照他说的做了，令我吃惊的是，我发现大约一半的事情是真的，可知作者在爸爸的帮助下认识到了自己的错误，所以作者对爸爸非常感谢，故选D。

（4）主旨题。根据全文可知主要讲了作者12岁时有一个女孩喜欢指出作者的缺点，起初

作者是不高兴的，在爸爸的劝说下发现女孩说的一半都是自己的缺点，认识到在我们的生活中，我们经常遇到一些麻烦，我们经常去找别人寻求建议。为了一些建议，你会珍惜你的一生！即作者曾经拥有的最好的建议，故选D。

8．阅读理解

When he was small, Hill was a famous bad boy.

At the age of 9, his father married his stepmother. At that time they lived poorly in the countryside while his stepmother was from a wealthy family.

His father introduced Hill to his stepmother as he said, "Dear, I hope you notice in the entire shire this is the worst boy, who has made me have no other way. Maybe before tomorrow morning he will throw a stone at you, or do a bad thing you will never imagine."

To Hill's surprise, his stepmother went up to him with a smile, held up his head and looked at him carefully. She then turned around to tell her husband, "You're wrong. He is not the worst boy in the entire shire, but the cleverest and most creative boy. Only he doesn't find a place to show himself."

His stepmother's words warmed his heart, his eyes full of tears. Then he started building friendship with his stepmother. And this became the drive of his life, making him create 28 successful golden rules, which helped tens of thousands of ordinary people walk on the road to success.

Before his stepmother came, no one praised him smart, and his father and neighbors considered him as a bad boy. However, his stepmother's words changed his life.

When Hill was 14 years old, his stepmother bought him a used typewriter and said to him, "I believe you will become a writer." Hill accepted his stepmother's gift and expectation, and started writing things to a local newspaper. He understood his stepmother's strong feeling of interest in his family while he saw with his own eyes she had changed his family. Therefore, he would do as well as she expected him to.

The strength from his stepmother made him a rich man and famous writer in the United States and one of the most important persons in the 20th century.

Praise will never be unnecessary, especially for children. Sincere （真诚的） praise may be better than 10,000 bad words.

（1）What did people think of Hill before the age of nine?

A. lever.

B. Creative.

C. Unfriendly.

D. Stupid.

（2）Which of the following is WRONG about Hill?

A. He accepted his stepmother's typewriter.

B. He failed to do as he was expected.

C. He started writing to a local newspaper.

D. He understood his stepmother.

（3）The writer is most probably an expert of _________.

A. house building

B. diet

C. news writing

D. education

（4）The passage was written mainly to tell us that _________.

A. children should be praised

B. Hill's father married again

C. Hill's stepmother was kind to him

D. Hill's father was cruel to him

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】大意:一个在别人眼里是最坏的男孩的Hill，他继母的来临后，继母几句表扬的话改变了聪明的一生，他继母的力量让他成为一名富人作家和美国最重要的人物，作者以Hill事例向我们展示了表扬的重要性。

（1）推断题。根据When he was small, Hill was a famous bad boy.可知，他九岁之前，人们认为他是一个出了名的坏小孩，可推出坏小孩一般对他人都是不友好的，故选C。

（2）细节题。根据started writing things to a local newspaper.and famous writer in the United States可知，Hill没有辜负继母的期望，B选项与原文不符，故选B。

（3）推断题。作者以Hill事例向我们展示了表扬的重要性，可推出作者应该是教育方面的专家，故选D。

（4）主旨题。作者以Hill事例向我们展示了表扬的重要性，故选A。

【点评】考查阅读理解能力，细节题、推断题和主旨题是阅读理解题中常考题型。细节题要从文中寻找答案；推断题需要根据上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

9．阅读理解

The other day, I got into a car accident, which was clearly not my fault. The other driver was so busy on his phone that he went right through a red light and hit my car.

A traffic policeman arrived and started taking statements. I explained that my speed was about

55 km/h. "So you were going about 50 km/h, my lady?" he asked. "No, I said I was going about 55 km,/h," I said. "Right, so you were driving at a speed of about 50 km/h?" he asked again.

I was a little annoyed because I felt he wasn't listening to me carefully. So I shouted, "No! I was going about 55 km/h."

"OK, if that's the way you want it," the officer simply replied. Because the city speed limit is 50 km/h, I only got paid from my insurance （保险） company for the damage to my car, but the other driver's insurance company couldn't pay me due to my speed. I didn't realize it at the time, but it turned out I was getting him wrong.

He didn't mention the 5 km/h, but he certainly knew something about the rules of the insurance. Suddenly, I realized that the traffic policeman had been trying to help me out.

（1）The best expression to explain the main idea of the passage is.

A. the more slowly, the better

B. a careless woman driver

C. a traffic policeman tried to offer help

D. no lies to anybody else

（2）What happened to the writer that day?

A. She went right through a red light.

B. A traffic policeman came near to stop her.

C. She made a call while she was driving.

D. Her car was hit by another car.

（3）Why couldn't the other driver's insurance company pay the writer?

A. Because the traffic policeman had recorded the wrong speed

B. Because she drove the car over the speed limit.

C. Because the other driver didn't admit to the car accident.

D. Because the accident was the writer's fault.

（4）Although it was her choice to insist on telling the truth, the writer ______.

A. understood that it was impolite to be angry with others

B. would not believe anybody else except herself

C. remembered the exact rules of insurance for ever

D. should say "thank you" to the traffic policeman instead of acting rudely

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】文章大意：讲述了“我”曾经发生的一起交通事故，事故中由于“我”超速没有得到全额赔偿，我后悔当时没有理解交警的用意并且对他有些粗鲁。

（1）主旨大意题。根据最后一段最后一句“Suddenly, I realized that the traffic policeman had been trying to help me out.”可知，我意识到交警是在试图帮助我，故选C。

（2）细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“The other driver was so busy on his phone that he went right through a red light and hit my car.”可知，作者的车被另一辆车撞了，故选D。（3）细节理解题。根据文中语句“Because the city speed limit is 50 km/h... but the other driver's insurance company couldn’t pay me due to my speed.”以及上文“I explained that my speed was about 55 km/h.”可知，因为作者超速，另一个司机的保险公司没有赔付，故选B。

（4）推理判断题。根据文中语句“...but it turned out I was getting him wrong.”并联系上文推理可知，保险的赔付让作者明白自己错怪了交警，应对他表示感谢，而不是之前的粗鲁行为，故选D。

10．阅读理解

When my brother and I were children, we spent a few weeks each summer in the countryside with our uncle. He was a geologist and loved to go on long walks to find stones to add to his

collection at the university. More often than not, we followed him.

One day, we left early and this time, our uncle gave us two backpacks. "You can help me carry the samples（样本）," he explained.

Sure, why not? The whole day, we walked around the countryside, and every now and then, our uncle put stones in our bags. We were a bit surprised that sometimes he also took some stones out from our bags, but thought he had just found better samples.

We reached the house in the late afternoon. The backpacks were so heavy that we were really tired out when we put them on the ground. Yet our uncle's backpack was half-empty.

"Why did you give us so many stones?" we asked. "I didn't. You did, "he said, waiting for a while before continuing." You did not know it, but I made you go through a little attitude（态度） test today."

"What do you mean an attitude test?" we wanted to know.

"It is something someone once did to me. You see, I listened to every word you said. And whenever you complained（抱怨） about anyone or anything, I added a stone to your bags. And whenever you talked about something in an attitude of positive thinking, I took out a stone. And now look at your backpacks." We did. They were full. "I hope you remember this little attitude test. You see, your negative（负面的） thoughts are like stones. You carry them in your mind just like those stones in a backpack. The more negative thoughts you have, the heavier your mind is. So look at those bags and start paying attention to what you say and how you say things."

This little lesson was one of the most important I ever had. And I remember my uncle with great love for teaching us one of the most important lessons in life-the power of attitude.

（1）A geologist is a person who .

A. grows plants

B. studies the earth

C. sells stones

D. draws pictures （2）What did the writer and his brother often do when staying with their uncle in the countryside?

A. They often followed him to collect stones.

B. They often followed him to his university.

C. They often studied the stones with him.

D. They often took long walks to enjoy nature.

（3）When the writer and his brother returned home late in the afternoon, .

A. they were tired but happy that they had helped their uncle

B. they wished they could collect more sample stones

C. they found that their bags were filled with stones

D. they were angry to find their uncle's bag half-empty

（4）How did the uncle explain the attitude test to the author?

A. By giving examples of good stones.

B. By asking questions about the stones.

C. By using famous sayings about stones.

D. By comparing negative thoughts to stones.

（5）This article is mainly written to tell us that .

A. we should do science tests from time to time

B. we should spend more time collecting stories

C. we should be more positive when facing difficulties

D. we should pay more attention to our backpacks

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）C

（4）D

（5）C

【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章讲述了跟叔叔在一起的时候做的一个态度测试，告诉我们一个道理，要用积极的态度去面对我们遇到的困难。不要让消极的思想占领你的大脑。（1）词义猜测题，根据 loved to go on long walks to find stones to add to his collection at the university. 可知他叔叔喜欢收集石头，并且放到学校的收藏里面，因此可是他是地质爱好者，应该是地理学家，地理学家就是研究地球的人，故答案是B

（2）细节理解题，根据 He was a geologist and loved to go on long walks to find stones to add to his collection at the university. More often than not, we followed him. 可知，作者和他的弟弟喜欢跟着他叔叔捡石头，故答案是A。

（3）细节理解题，根据 We reached the house in the late afternoon. The backpacks were so heavy that we were really tired out 可知背包里装满了石头，故答案是C。

（4）细节理解题，根据 I hope you remember this little attitude test. You see, your negative （负面的）thoughts are like stones. 可知在这个测试中他叔叔把消极的态度比作石头，，故答案是D。

（5）主旨大意题，根据文章的描述可知，不要把消极的态度整天装在脑子里，消极的思想越多你的思想越沉重，应该用积极的态度面对生活，面对遇到的困难，故答案是C。【点评】考查阅读理解，本文涉及到词义猜测题，细节理解题和主旨大意题，词义猜测题可以根据句子的前后文根据合理的想象得出单词的意思，细节理解题则需要细读文章，从文章中直接找到答案，或者答案的依据。而主旨大意题需要早完全理解文章的基础上提炼出文章的中心。

11．阅读下列短文，从文后每小题A、B、C选项中选择最佳答案。

We know people can be nice, but what about animals?

Scientists say that some animals are capable（有能力的）of being nice. Animals that live in groups-like foxes, chimpanzees（大猩猩）, and elephants-follow rules. They have to follow rules to get along and to survive（生存）. However, animals can act nicely, even when they don't have to. Here are some surprising stories about animal behavior.

Most people usually walk away when someone is unkind to them. Marc Bekoff, a researcher at the University of Colorado, saw a female（母的）red fox do just that. The female fox was unhappy because a male（公的）fox played roughly（粗鲁地）with her. When she walked away, the male fox showed her that he wanted to play nicely. He lowered his head and rolled on his back. The female fox gave him another chance, and this time, he played more gently.

Geza Teleki is a scientist who studies chimpanzees in Tanzania. One day, Teleki hiked far away from his campsite. He didn't have any food. Teleki wanted some fruit from a tree, but the tree was too tall. A young chimpanzee watched him curiously as he tried to get something to eat. The chimpanzee climbed the tree, picked the fruit, and gave it to him!

An elephant in Kenya hurt his trunk（象鼻子）. He needed help because he couldn't put food into his mouth. Researcher Kayhan Ostovar watched silently. He saw the hurt elephant show his sore trunk to a healthy elephant. The healthy elephant didn't need any more information. He took a bush and put it carefully into his new friend's mouth.

Hippos（河马）and crocodiles are usually good friends. They hang out together in rivers. But Karen Paolillo, a wildlife expert in Zimbabwe, saw something surprising. One day, a crocodile tried to eat a monkey that was next to a river. A hippo ran quickly to the crocodile and chased it away. Why did the hippo attack（攻击）the crocodile? Paolillo says hippos sometimes protect other animals from crocodiles.

（1）The main idea of the passage is .

A. animals that live in groups follow rules

B. some animals can be nice to other animals

C. most animals are nice to people

（2）The underlined phrase "do just that" means .

A. be nice

B. play roughly

C. walk away

（3）We can say that Teleki .

A. is short

B. hates hiking

C. could not climb the tree

（4）The elephant needed help because .

A. the tree was too tall

B. it could not use its trunk

C. it had no food

（5）The underlined word "it" in the last paragraph refers to .

A. the crocodile

B. the chimpanzee

C. the monkey

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）C

（4）B

（5）A

【解析】【分析】大意：文章主要通过科学家对大猩猩和大象等动物的研究，说明了有些动物是有友善待人/其他动物的能力的。

（1）主旨大意题。根据第二段Scientists say that some animals are capable（有能力的）of being nice. 科学家说，一些动物是能够友善待人/其他动物的，可知本文的主旨是一些动物是能够友善对待其他动物的。故选B。

（2）推断题。根据上文 Most people usually walk away when someone is unkind to them. 大多数人通常在某人对他们不友好的时候走开，可知划线部分do just that那样做，指的是也走开。故选C。

（3）推断题。根据第四段Teleki wanted some fruit from a tree, but the tree was too tall. Teleki想要从树上摘一些水果，但是树太高了，因此我们可以推断Teleki不会爬树。故选C。

（4）细节题。根据倒数第二段 An elephant in Kenya hurt his trunk（象鼻子）. 可知，那只大象需要帮助是因为它的鼻子受伤了，无法把食物放进嘴里。故选B。

（5）推断题。根据 A hippo ran quickly to the crocodile and chased it away. 一只河马跑向鳄鱼，并把它赶走，可知it指代的是鳄鱼。故选A。

12．阅读理解

The human body is a machine that can raise lots of interesting questions. Why, for example, are yawns （呵欠）contagious （传染的）? What's up with ice-cream headaches? Here are answers to these and other questions about our bodies.

Why do I get a headache when I eat ice cream too quickly?

Scientists aren't exactly sure what causes the brain freeze when we eat ice cream or other super cold foods too quickly, though some believe it's the result of changed blood .flow in the nervous system. Blood vessels in the head tighten to stop the loss of body heat and then relax to let blood flow rise; that sudden rush of blood is what causes the headache. You can improve an ice-cream headache by rapidly rubbing your tongue across the roof of your mouth to help warm up things.

What causes my stomach to make a low continuous noise when I'm hungry?

Actually, your stomach makes noise whether you're hungry or full; you just hear it more clearly when you're hungry. Think of your digestive tract（消化道）as a really long tube lined with smooth muscle tissue. These muscles move food, fluids and gas through your digestive tract. ___________. It can make you feel embarrassed（尴尬的）but is nothing to worry about.

Why do I blush when I'm embarrassed?

When you're embarrassed, your brain releases a shot of adrenaline（肾上腺素）, which makes your heart race and blood vessels become larger in size. All this happens to increase blood flow and oxygen delivery throughout the body in a fight-or-flight reaction（对抗反应）. There are a lot of tiny blood vessels in your face, which turn noticeably redder from this sudden rush of blood. As for the actual function of blushing, researchers are still trying to find that one out.

Why are yawns contagious?

Have you ever yawned in front of someone, only to have them yawn right back? It's a common thing, but researchers don't have a good explanation for it. They do, however, know this happens only with humans and chimpanzees（黑猩猩）. A bigger question puzzling scientists is why we

yawn at all. It used to be thought that yawning showed that oxygen to the brain was not enough, but that's just a myth. A growing body of research now shows that yawning is nature's way of keeping our brains cool.

（1）What is the meaning of the underlined word tighten?

A. 变松

B. 变紧

C. 变短

D. 变长（2）Which of the following sentences can be filled in the blank?

A. And that's what you're hearing when your stomach makes noise.

B. And that's why you're so hungry when your stomach is empty

C. And that's what makes you feel uncomfortable when you're full.

D. And that's how it makes a difference to your digestive tract.

（3）Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. There is no way for you to improve an ice-cream headache.

B. Researchers have found out the actual function of blushing.

C. Your stomach makes noise only when you are hungry.

D. Researchers don't have a good explanation for why yawns are contagious.

（4）What is the best title of the passage?

A. Some Interesting Facts

B. Our Strange Body

C. Some Useful Discoveries

D. Our Amazing Feelings

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要介绍提供一些问题和答案来说明人体是一台能提出许多有趣问题的机器。

（1）词义猜测题。根据Blood vessels in the head tighten to stop the loss of body heat and then relax to let blood flow rise; that sudden rush of blood is what causes the headache然后放松，让血液流动起来；这种突然的血液流动是导致头痛的原因。你可以通过快速地将舌头摩擦到口腔顶部来帮助热身来改善冰淇淋头痛。由relax，放松，动词，可知放松让血液流动，推知阻止血液流动的应该是变紧，因此tighten的意思是变紧，故选B。

（2）细节理解题。根据上文These muscles move food, fluids and gas through your digestive tract. 把你的消化道想象成一条很长的管道，内衬着平滑肌组织。这些肌肉通过消化道输送食物、液体和气体。可已推知这些肌肉通过消化道输送食物、液体和气体。就会在胃里产生声音。故选A。

（3）判断正误题。根据You can improve an ice-cream headache by rapidly rubbing your tongue across the roof of your mouth to help warm up things.你可以通过快速地将舌头摩擦到口腔顶部来帮助热身来改善冰淇淋头痛。可知选项A不符合文章内容，故排除A；As for the actual function of blushing, researchers are still trying to find that one out.至于脸红的实际作用，研究人员仍在努力找出其中之一。可知选项B不符合文章内容，故排除B；you just

hear it more clearly when you're hungry. 当你饿了的时候，你只会更清楚地听到声音。可知选项C不符合文章内容，故排除C；It's a common thing, but researchers don't have a good explanation for it. 这是一件很平常的事情，但研究人员对此没有很好的解释。可知选项D符合文章内容，故选D。

（4）标题判断题。根据文章大意本文主要介绍提供一些问题和答案来说明人体是一台能提出许多有趣问题的机器。只有选项B，才能揭示文章的大意，故选B。

【点评】考查阅读理解，首先通读全文，了解全文大意，其次分析问题，抓住关键词，在文中寻找相关信息，确定答案，最后再检查一遍，确保答案正确。

13．阅读下列短文，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项

Artificial intelligence（AI）（人工智能）is the ability of a computer program or a machine. The computer or the machine with AI can think and learn. It is also a field of study that tries to make computers "smart". John McCarthy, a scientist, came up with（提出）the name "artificial intelligence" over 60 years ago. Many things such as learning and problem solving can be done by computers, though not in the same way as people do.

An unusual goal of AI research is to create computer programs. They can learn, solve problems, and think logically（逻辑地）. At present, Al can successfully understanding human speech, recognizie （识别）human faces, operate self-driving cars and compete in some game systems like playing Chess. However, Some people also consider（认为）AI a danger to humans if it develops too quickly. A famous British scientist also was not for this kind of technology.

Math is the basic language of AI. If students are good at math, they will be more likely to become successful AI designers（设计者）in the future. We need not only bright students, but also average（普通的）students. As for（对于）average students ，if they get enough math skills, they can also become successful AI designers. Besides, a good knowledge of computer science is also necessary for AI designing.

Scientists hope to create creative（有创造力）and emotional （有感情的）AI. The AI can possibly understand human feelings or create art. Many ways and tools have been tried to discover this wide and exciting field.

（1）From Paragraph 1, we know that _____.

A. all problems can be solved by computers.

B. machines with AI can think and learn.

C. AI has been around for only 60 years.

D. AI works in the same way as people.

（2）According to the passage, what can't AI do at present?

A. Understand hunman speech.

B. Operate self-driving cars.

C. Compete in some game systems.

D. Understand human feelings.

（3）The underlined word "it" in Paragraph 2 refers to（指的是） .

A. chess.

B. a scientist.

C. the danger.

D. AI.

（4）According to the passage, if students want to become successful AI designers, they should learn well.

A. math and art.

B. art and technology.

C. math and computer science.

D. art and computer science.

（5）Paragraph 4 mainly tells us the scientist about AI.

A. wishes.

B. worries.

C. feelings.

D. discoveries.

【答案】（1）B

（2）D

（3）D

（4）C

（5）A

【解析】【分析】本文介绍了人工智能的发展，最新的成果，以及设计师必备的技能。（1）细节题。根据 The computer or the machine with AI can think and learn，可知从第1段我们知道具有AI的机器可以思考和学习，故选B。

（2）推理题。根据 Scientists hope to create creative（有创造力） and emotional ,The AI can possibly understand human feelings or create art 科学家们希望创造出富有创造性和情感的人工智能，它可能理解人类的情感或创造出艺术，可知目前AI 不能理解人类的感受，故选D。

（3）词义猜测题。根据 However, Some people also consider（认为） AI a danger to humans if it develops too quickly. 然而，如果人工智能发展得太快，一些人也认为它对人类有危险，可知it 指代AI，故选D。

（4）细节题。根据if they get enough math skills, they can also become successful AI designers. Besides, a good knowledge of computer science is also necessary for AI designing. 如果他们有足够的数学技能，他们也可以成为成功的人工智能设计师。此外，对于人工智能设计来说，良好的计算机科学知识也是必不可少的，可知根据文章，如果学生想成为成功的人工智能设计师，他们应该学好数学和计算机科学，故选C。

（5）主旨题。根据Scientists hope to create creative and emotional AI which can possibly understand human feelings or create art.科学家希望创造出能够理解人类情感或创造艺术的具有创造性和情感化的人工智能。可知，第4段主要告诉我们科学家对人工智能的愿望，故选A。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，词义猜测题和主旨题四种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，词义猜测题需要根据上下文提炼相关信息锁定词意，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

14．阅读理解

Like you, plants need good things like food, water, and minerals in order to grow. Usually they get these important nutrients（营养） from the rich soil（土壤） in which they're planted. But

there's another way to grow plants that doesn't use soil. It's called hydrogenic gardening.

"Hydrogenic" means "working with water." In a hydrogenic garden, plants grow with their roots in water, not in dirt. The water is filled with special food for the plants that gardeners have carefully measured and prepared.

Hydrogenic plants grow quickly. In ordinary gardens, plants need time and energy to grow long roots that search the soil for food and water. In a hydrogenic garden, plants can use their energy to grow tall instead. And because there is no soil, there are no weeds and few insect pests（害虫）. Gardeners don't need to spray（喷洒） plants with dangerous chemicals. Both the plants and the environment stay healthy.

Scientists hope that, one day, hydrogenic gardens may be able to help hungry people all over the world grow enough food-even in countries that have bad soil, or weather that is too hot, too cold, or too dry. And astronauts hope to take hydrogenic gardens with them to the spaceship they fly to Mars, so that they will always have fresh vegetables, and the fun of growing a garden without dirt.

（1）What's the meaning of the underlined word "dirt" in the second paragraph?

A. soil

B. water

C. insect

D. food

（2）Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?

A. Plants need water and other nutrients to grow.

B. There are no weeds in hydrogenic gardens.

C. Hydrogenic plants cannot grow in too hot weather.

D. Astronauts hope to take hydrogenic gardens to space.

（3）What's the passage about?

A. Plant growing.

B. Space farming.

C. Scientific watering.

D. hydrogenic gardening.

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文介绍了氢化园艺。

（1）词义猜测题。根据In a hydrogenic garden, plants grow with their roots in water在氢化花园中，植物的根在水中生长，通常植物生长在土里，故可知dirt是soil土壤的意思，故选A。

（2）细节题。根据hydrogenic gardens may be able to help hungry people all over the world grow enough food-even in countries that have bad soil, or weather that is too hot, too cold, or too dry.氢化花园也许能帮助全世界饥饿的人种植足够的食物——即使是在土壤不好、天气太热、太冷或太干燥的国家，可知氢化植物不能在太热的天气里生长是错的，故选C。

（3）主旨题。根据全文描述可知本文介绍了氢化园艺，故选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，和主旨题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，词义猜测题需要根据上下文提炼相关信息锁定词意。

15．阅读理解

A British company has made a new product to help us save money. The product is a wristband that gives us an electric shock if we spend too much money. The wristband is called Pavlok. It is linked to our bank account. It knows how much money we have in the bank. If we go shopping and there is not enough money in our bank account, the wristband makes an electric shock on our wrists. This warns us not to overspend. The company is called Intelligent Environments. It wants to work with banks to help customers with their money. So far, no banks in Britain have said they would ask their customers to wear Pavlok. They could start doing this in the future.

The Pavlok wristband is part of the Internet of Things. This is the idea that everything in our life will be connected to the Internet. The CEO of Intelligent Environments, David Webber, said people liked the idea of the Pavlok. Shoppers would rather get a small electric shock in the store from the wristband than get a big shock later when they see their bank account. Mr. Webber said the Pavlok would be great for people who cannot stop spending because they have no power or their power is weak. He added that many young people have the "ostrich effect". This is when people put their heads in the sand and buy things rather than look at how much money they have in their bank accounts.

（1）The company made the product to help itself _________.

A. make money

B. save money

C. spend money

D. rob money

（2）The wristband has to work with _________.

A. shops

B. doctors

C. banks

D. Intelligent Environments

（3）Mr. Webber thinks the wristband is _________.

A. helpless