Linux + Nginx 0.8.x + PHP 5.2.14(FastCGI)+ Mysql

Linux + Nginx 0.8.x + PHP 5.2.14（FastCGI）+ Mysql

为什么Nginx的性能要比Apache高得多？这得益于Nginx使用了最新的epoll（Linux 2.6内核）和kqueue（freebsd）网络I/O模型，而Apache则使用的是传统的select模型。目前Linux下能够承受高并发访问的Squid、Memcached都采用的是epoll网络I/O模型。

处理大量的连接的读写，Apache所采用的select网络I/O模型非常低效。下面用一个比喻来解析Apache采用的select模型和Nginx采用的epoll模型进行之间的区别：

假设你在大学读书，住的宿舍楼有很多间房间，你的朋友要来找你。select版宿管大妈就会带着你的朋友挨个房间去找，直到找到你为止。而epoll版宿管大妈会先记下每位同学的房间号，你的朋友来时，只需告诉你的朋友你住在哪个房间即可，不用亲自带着你的朋友满大楼找人。如果来了10000个人，都要找自己住这栋楼的同学时，select版和epoll版宿管大妈，谁的效率更高，不言自明。同理，在高并发服务器中，轮询I/O是最耗时间的操作之一，select和epoll的性能谁的性能更高，同样十分明了。

安装步骤：

（系统要求：Linux 2.6+ 内核，本文中的Linux操作系统为CentOS 5.3，另在RedHat AS4上也安装成功）

一、获取相关开源程序：

1、【适用CentOS操作系统】利用CentOS Linux系统自带的yum命令安装、升级所需的程序库（RedHat等其他Linux发行版可从安装光盘中找到这些程序库的RPM包，进行安装）：

sudo -s

LANG=C

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5

krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers

2、【适用RedHat操作系统】RedHat等其他Linux发行版可从安装光盘中找到这些程序库的RPM包（事先可通过类似“rpm -qa | grep libjpeg”的命令查看所需的RPM包是否存在，通常是“xxx-devel”不存在，需要安装）。RedHat可以直接利用CentOS的RPM包安装，以下是RPM包下载网址：

①、RedHat AS4 & CentOS 4

79264284e53a580216fcfe44/centos/4/os/i386/CentOS/RPMS/

79264284e53a580216fcfe44/centos/4/os/x86_64/CentOS/RPMS/

②、RedHat AS5 & CentOS 5

79264284e53a580216fcfe44/centos/5/os/i386/CentOS/

79264284e53a580216fcfe44/centos/5/os/x86_64/CentOS/

③、RPM包搜索网站

79264284e53a580216fcfe44/

79264284e53a580216fcfe44/

④、RedHat AS4 系统环境，通常情况下缺少的支持包安装：

Ⅰ、i386 系统

wget 79264284e53a580216fcfe44/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/libjpeg-devel-6b-33.i386.rpm rpm -ivh libjpeg-devel-6b-33.i386.rpm

wget

79264284e53a580216fcfe44/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.i386.rpm rpm -ivh freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.i386.rpm

wget 79264284e53a580216fcfe44/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.i386.rpm rpm -ivh libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.i386.rpm

Ⅱ、x86_64 系统

wget

79264284e53a580216fcfe44/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/libjpeg-devel-6b-33.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh libjpeg-devel-6b-33.x86_64.rpm

wget

79264284e53a580216fcfe44/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.x86_64.rp m

rpm -ivh freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.x86_64.rpm

wget

79264284e53a580216fcfe44/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.x86_64.rpm

3、【适用CentOS、RedHat及其它Linux操作系统】下载程序源码包：

本文中提到的所有开源软件为截止到2010年07月26日的最新稳定版。

①、从软件的官方网站下载：

mkdir -p /data0/software

cd /data0/software

wget sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.8.46.tar.gz

wget 79264284e53a580216fcfe44/get/php-5.2.14.tar.gz/from/this/mirror

wget 79264284e53a580216fcfe44/downloads/php-5.2.14-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz

wget

79264284e53a580216fcfe44/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz/from/mys 79264284e53a580216fcfe44/

wget 79264284e53a580216fcfe44/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz

wget

"79264284e53a580216fcfe44/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz?modtime=1171868460 &big_mirror=0"

wget

"79264284e53a580216fcfe44/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz?modtime=1194463373&bi g_mirror=0"

wget 79264284e53a580216fcfe44/get/memcache-2.2.5.tgz

wget

"79264284e53a580216fcfe44/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz?modtime=1175740843& big_mirror=0"

wget ftp://79264284e53a580216fcfe44/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.10.tar.gz

wget 79264284e53a580216fcfe44/source/0.9.6.1/eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2

wget 79264284e53a580216fcfe44/get/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz

wget 79264284e53a580216fcfe44/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz

wget 79264284e53a580216fcfe44/get/imagick-2.3.0.tgz

②、从79264284e53a580216fcfe44下载（比较稳定，只允许在本站，或者在Linux/Unix下通过Wget、Curl等命令下载以下软件）：

mkdir -p /data0/software

cd /data0/software

wget 79264284e53a580216fcfe44/soft/linux/nginx_php/nginx/nginx-0.8.46.tar.gz

wget 79264284e53a580216fcfe44/soft/linux/nginx_php/php/php-5.2.14.tar.gz

wget 79264284e53a580216fcfe44/soft/linux/nginx_php/phpfpm/php-5.2.14-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz wget 79264284e53a580216fcfe44/soft/linux/nginx_php/mysql/mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz

wget 79264284e53a580216fcfe44/soft/linux/nginx_php/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz

wget 79264284e53a580216fcfe44/soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz

wget 79264284e53a580216fcfe44/soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz

wget 79264284e53a580216fcfe44/soft/linux/nginx_php/memcache/memcache-2.2.5.tgz

wget 79264284e53a580216fcfe44/soft/linux/nginx_php/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz

wget 79264284e53a580216fcfe44/soft/linux/nginx_php/pcre/pcre-8.10.tar.gz

wget 79264284e53a580216fcfe44/soft/linux/nginx_php/eaccelerator/eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2 wget 79264284e53a580216fcfe44/soft/linux/nginx_php/pdo/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz

wget 79264284e53a580216fcfe44/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz

wget 79264284e53a580216fcfe44/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/imagick-2.3.0.tgz

二、安装PHP 5.2.14（FastCGI模式）

1、编译安装PHP 5.2.14所需的支持库：

二、安装PHP 5.2.14（FastCGI模式）

1、编译安装PHP 5.2.14所需的支持库：

tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz

cd libiconv-1.13.1/

./configure --prefix=/usr/local

make

make install

cd ../

tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz

cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/

./configure

make

make install

/sbin/ldconfig

cd libltdl/

./configure --enable-ltdl-install

make

make install

cd ../../

tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz

cd mhash-0.9.9.9/

./configure

make

make install

cd ../

ln -s /usr/local/lib/79264284e53a580216fcfe44 /usr/lib/79264284e53a580216fcfe44

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a

ln -s /usr/local/lib/79264284e53a580216fcfe44 /usr/lib/79264284e53a580216fcfe44

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1

附：以下为附加步骤，如果你想在这台服务器上运行MySQL数据库，则执行以下几步。如果你只是希望让PHP支持MySQL扩展库，能够连接其他服务器上的MySQL数据库，那么，以下两步无需执行。

①、创建MySQL数据库存放目录

mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/data/

mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/binlog/

mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/

chown -R mysql:mysql /data0/mysql/

②、以mysql用户帐号的身份建立数据表：

/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql

--datadir=/data0/mysql/3306/data --user=mysql

③、创建79264284e53a580216fcfe44f配置文件：

vi /data0/mysql/3306/79264284e53a580216fcfe44f

输入以下内容：

引用

[client]

character-set-server = utf8

port = 3306

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

[mysqld]

character-set-server = utf8

replicate-ignore-db = mysql

replicate-ignore-db = test

replicate-ignore-db = information_schema user = mysql

port = 3306

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

basedir = /usr/local/webserver/mysql

datadir = /data0/mysql/3306/data

log-error = /data0/mysql/3306/mysql_error.log pid-file = /data0/mysql/3306/mysql.pid

open_files_limit = 10240

back_log = 600

max_connections = 5000

max_connect_errors = 6000

table_cache = 614

external-locking = FALSE

max_allowed_packet = 32M

sort_buffer_size = 1M

join_buffer_size = 1M

thread_cache_size = 300

#thread_concurrency = 8

query_cache_size = 512M

query_cache_limit = 2M

query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k

default-storage-engine = MyISAM

thread_stack = 192K

transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED

tmp_table_size = 246M

max_heap_table_size = 246M

long_query_time = 3

log-slave-updates

log-bin = /data0/mysql/3306/binlog/binlog

binlog_cache_size = 4M

binlog_format = MIXED

max_binlog_cache_size = 8M

max_binlog_size = 1G

relay-log-index = /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog relay-log-info-file = /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog relay-log = /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog expire_logs_days = 30

key_buffer_size = 256M

read_buffer_size = 1M

read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M

bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M

myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M

myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G

myisam_repair_threads = 1

myisam_recover

interactive_timeout = 120

wait_timeout = 120

skip-name-resolve

#master-connect-retry = 10

slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396

#master-host = 192.168.1.2

#master-user = username

#master-password = password

#master-port = 3306

server-id = 1

innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M

innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:256M:autoextend innodb_file_io_threads = 4

innodb_thread_concurrency = 8

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2

innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M

innodb_log_file_size = 128M

innodb_log_files_in_group = 3

innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90

innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120

innodb_file_per_table = 0

#log-slow-queries = /data0/mysql/3306/slow.log

#long_query_time = 10

[mysqldump]

quick

max_allowed_packet = 32M

④、创建管理MySQL数据库的shell脚本：

vi /data0/mysql/3306/mysql

输入以下内容（这里的用户名admin和密码12345678接下来的步骤会创建）：#!/bin/sh

mysql_port=3306

mysql_username="admin"

mysql_password="12345678"

function_start_mysql()

{

printf "Starting MySQL...\n"

/bin/sh /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe

--defaults-file=/data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/79264284e53a580216fcfe44f 2>&1 > /dev/null &

}

function_stop_mysql()

{

printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"

/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /tmp/mysql.sock shutdown

}

function_restart_mysql()

{

printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"

function_stop_mysql

sleep 5

function_start_mysql

}

function_kill_mysql()

{

kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk

'{printf $2}')

kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'libexec/mysqld' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk

'{printf $2}')

}

if [ "$1" = "start" ]; then

function_start_mysql

elif [ "$1" = "stop" ]; then

function_stop_mysql

elif [ "$1" = "restart" ]; then

function_restart_mysql

elif [ "$1" = "kill" ]; then

function_kill_mysql

else

printf "Usage: /data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/mysql

{start|stop|restart|kill}\n"

fi

⑤、赋予shell脚本可执行权限：

chmod +x /data0/mysql/3306/mysql

⑥、启动MySQL：

/data0/mysql/3306/mysql start

⑦、通过命令行登录管理MySQL服务器（提示输入密码时直接回车）：

/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p -S /tmp/mysql.sock

⑧、输入以下SQL语句，创建一个具有root权限的用户（admin）和密码（12345678）：

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '12345678'; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY '12345678';

⑨、（可选）停止MySQL：

4、编译安装PHP5扩展模块

tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz

cd memcache-2.2.5/

/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize

./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config make

make install

cd ../

tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2

cd eaccelerator-0.9.6.1/

/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize

./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared

--with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config

make

make install

cd ../

tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz

cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/

/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize

./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql

make

make install

cd ../

tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz

cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/

./configure

make

make install

cd ../

tar zxvf imagick-2.3.0.tgz

cd imagick-2.3.0/

/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize

./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config

make

make install

cd ../

5、修改php.ini文件

手工修改：查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"

修改为extension_dir =

"/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"

并在此行后增加以下几行，然后保存：

extension = "memcache.so"

extension = "pdo_mysql.so"

extension = "imagick.so"

再查找output_buffering = Off

修改为output_buffering = On

再查找; cgi.fix_pathinfo=0

修改为cgi.fix_pathinfo=0，防止Nginx文件类型错误解析漏洞。

自动修改：若嫌手工修改麻烦，可执行以下shell命令，自动完成对php.ini文件的修改：

sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir =

"/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"\nextension = "memcache.so"\nextension = "pdo_mysql.so"\nextension = "imagick.so"\n#'

/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

sed -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#'

/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

sed -i "s#; always_populate_raw_post_data = On#always_populate_raw_post_data = On#g" /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

sed -i "s#; cgi.fix_pathinfo=0#cgi.fix_pathinfo=0#g"

/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

6、配置eAccelerator加速PHP：

mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache

vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息：

引用

[eaccelerator]

zend_extension="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-200606 13/eaccelerator.so"

eaccelerator.shm_size="64"

eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache"

eaccelerator.enable="1"

eaccelerator.optimizer="1"

eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"

eaccelerator.debug="0"

eaccelerator.filter=""

eaccelerator.shm_max="0"

eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"

eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"

eaccelerator.shm_only="0"

79264284e53a580216fcfe44press="1"

79264284e53a580216fcfe44press_level="9"

7、创建www用户和组，以及供79264284e53a580216fcfe44和79264284e53a580216fcfe44两个虚拟主机使用的目录：

/usr/sbin/groupadd www

/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www

mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/blog

chmod +w /data0/htdocs/blog

chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/blog

mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/www

chmod +w /data0/htdocs/www

chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/www

8、创建php-fpm配置文件（php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI管理补丁，可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi）：

在/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/目录中创建php-fpm.conf文件：

rm -f /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

输入以下内容（如果您安装Nginx + PHP 用于程序调试，请将以下的

name="display_errors">0改为1，以便显示PHP错误信息，否则，Nginx 会报状态为500的空白错误页）：

All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix