小英赛语法之 名词和数词

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单项选择题型

单项选择中考察的词性（名词）：

一、名词复数规则

1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds

2．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches

3.以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries

以元音字母+y结尾，直接加s，如：boy - boys ，day - days 4.以―f或fe结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5.以o结尾的单词：a, 有生命的+es b, 无生命+s

如：potato--potatoes ； hero--heroes；mango--mangoes photo--photos radio -- radios video -- videos 6.不规则名词复数：

man-men woman-women policeman-policemen mouse-mice child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth fish-fish people-people Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese deer - deer

sheep-sheep policewoman-policewomen

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二、名词所有格的构成法 1. 主要是在词尾加’ s 构成。

如: This is Tom’s desk . 这是汤姆的书桌。 That is Mike’s book. 那是迈克的书。 2. 如果原名词已经有复数词尾s ,则仅加一个’ . 如: the teachers’ reading room 教师阅览室 the pupils’ pencil-boxes 学生们的文具盒

3. 如果原词是复数形式，但不是以s 结尾， 变为所有格形式需在后面加上’ s 。如：

the children’s palace 少年宫 men’s room 男厕所

*名词所有格口诀： 名词所有格，s前面加一撇’，复数s放在尾，后加一撇就完结，两人共有算一个，后面只加一个撇。

基础练习

一、 将下列名词变成复数形式。

1. plane_________ tree _________ lesson _________ month_________ apple _________ shirt _________ 2. box _________ bus _________ brush _________ watch _________ class_________ fox _________ 3. knife _________ life _________ leaf _________ wife _________ thief_________

4. day _________ boy _________ monkey _________

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baby _________ country _________ story _________ 5. photo_________ radio_________ piano _________ tomato _________ hero _________

6. child_________ tooth _________ man_________ sheep_________ English _________ Chinese_________ 二、判断正误，并改正错句，正确的打√

1．The house is my brother. ________________________ 2. He has visited many country. ______________________ 3. They are Englishs. ______________________________ 4. This is Tom red bike. ____________________________ 三、选择填空

1．There are two ______ in the room. A. Chineses B. Englishman 2.The old man will have ___________ out. A. two tooths B. two teeth 3. ____________ are sold in this bookstore. A. Children’s books B. Children books 4. Some friends of _________ will come here. A. John’s B. John 5. Can you give me ______________? A. some papers B. a piece of paper 6.There are ______________ on the floor.

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A. some box B. some boxes 四、将下列句子变成复数形式。

1．This sheep is white __________________________________

2. There is a desk and a chair in the room._______________________

3.That man is a doctor. ________________________________

小升初语法数词和冠词

一、数词

表示数目和顺序的词叫数词。数词又分基数词和序数词，基数词表示数量，序数词表示顺序。

1~10 1 one 2 two 3 three 4 four 5 five 6 six 7 seven 8 eight 9 nine 10 ten 11~19 11 eleven 12 twelve 13 thirteen 14 fourteen 15 fifteen 16 sixteen 17 seventeen 18 eighteen 19 nineteen 20~100 20 twenty 30 thirty 40 forty 50 fifty 60 sixty 70 seventy 80 eighty 90 ninety 100 one hundred *基数词的写法 ：21~99的两位数，十位与个位之间用连字符―。

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例：21 twenty - one 32 thirty - two 99 ninety – nine 百位数：个位数基数词形式加―hundred，表示几百，在几十几与百位间加上and。

例：101 a hundred and one.

320 three hundred and twenty 648 six hundred and forty-eight 2．序数词的构成

1）一般来说，是由相应的基数词加词尾th构成。例， four+ th--- fourth six + th --- sixth seven + th --- seventh ten + th --- tenth 2）下面这些基数词在变为序数词时，有特殊的变化。

3）例， one --- first two --- second three --- third five--- fifth eight --- eighth nine --- ninth twelve --- twelfth

4）十位整数序数词的构成方法是将基数词的词y 变成i，然后在加eth.例，

twenty --- twentieth thirty --- thirtieth forty --- fortieth ninety --- ninetieth

5）两位或两位以上的基数词变为序数词时，仅将个位数变成序数词。例， twenty –one ------ twenty- first thirty-five ------thirty-fifth

a hundred and fifty-three ------- a hundred and fifty- third

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*基数词变序数词的口诀：

基变序，有规律；词尾加上th（fourth, sixth） 一、二、三，单独记；结尾字母t, d, d；（first，second，third） 八去t,九去e,（eighth，ninth）；ve要用f替；（fifth，twelfth） 整十基数变序数，ty将y变成i th 前面有个e； 要是遇到几十几，前用基来后用序。

二、冠词

冠词分不定冠词和定冠词两种。 a或an是不定冠词，the是定冠词。a用在辅音音素之前，如 a desk, a tree

an 用在元音因素之前，如 an apple, an hour, an English book. 1. 不定冠词（a,an）指人或事物的某一种类，表示“一个”，但不强调数量。

She is a teacher. That’s an orange.

2. 定冠词 the，是特指某（些）人、某（些）物，或指说话人与听话人彼此知道的人或物，或者是在上文提到过的人和事。 This is a bus. The bus is big. 3. 不用冠词的情况：

1）专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词前一般不用冠词。如，Chinese, English, Jim等。

2）名词前已经有this, that, my, your等词时，就不再用冠词了。如， that mouse (那只老鼠)

3) 一些固定词组前不用定冠词。如，at home 在家 go to school

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去上学

基础练习

一、在空白处填上适当的冠词，不需要的填画/。

1) at ____home 2) go to_____ bed 3) go to _____school 4) catch ____ bad cold 5) have _____ good time 6) ______red apple 7)_____ English book 8 ) ______ spoon 二、选择填空

1.There is _____ m in the word ―primary A. an B.a C.the D./ 2.This is ____ orange bike .

A.a B.an C.the D/

3.It always takes us half _____ hour to have ____ long walk after supper . A.a,a B,a ,the C.an , a D.an , the 4.English is ____ useful language in ____ world . A.an , the B.a , the C.the , / D./ , the 5.We are going to _____ cinema this evening . A.the B./ C/a D.an 6.He’s standing on _____ other side of _____ river . A.a , a B.the , the C.the , a D.a , the 7._____ potato is a vegetable , not ____ fruit .

A.The , an B.The , a C.A, the D.An, /

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8.He was _____ first to come .

A.The B.a C.the D./ 9.Do you see ____ book on _____ table ?

A.the , a B.a, an C.an , an D.a , the 10.Where’s _____ desk ? It’s in ____ middle of the room . A./ , / B./ , a C.a , / D.the , the 11.He is _____ friend of mine .

A.an B./ C.the D.a 12.There is ____ university near the farm . A.a B.an C.the D./ 13.He died in ____ autumn of 1989 .

A./ B.the C.a D.an

14.I have ____ book . I t’ s _____ interesting one . I like reading ____ books very much .

A.a, an ,/ B.a , / , the C.an , an , the D./ , an , / 15.Today is _____ Children’s Day .

A.a B.an C.the D/

能力测试题 选择正确答案

1.There are_________days in a year.

A. three hundreds sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-five C. three hundred and sixty-five D. three hundred and sixty five

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2.There are_________students in this school.

A. eight hundreds and forty-six B. eight hundred and forty six C. eight hundred and forty-six D. eight hundred forty-six 3.My brother is in_________.

A. Three Class, One Grade B. Class Three, Grade One C. Grade One, Class Three D. class three, grade one 4.He was doing some washing_________.

A. at eight yesterday morning B. yesterday morning eight C. yesterday morning at eight D. by eight yesterday morning 5.There are _________ months in a year. December is the _________ month of the year.

A. twelve; twelve B. twelve; twelfth C. twelfth; twelve D. twelve; twelveth 6.Sunday is the_________ day of the week.

A. seventh B. first C. second D. third 7.Autumn is _________ season in a year.

A. the fourth B. the third C. a third D. third 8.Tom was_________ to get to school and I was_________. A. first; ninth B. the first; the ninth C. a first; a ninth D. a second; the ninth 9.What’s the date today? It’s_________ .

A. Friday B. time to go C. cloudy D. June 4th

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10.Monday is the second day, and_________.

A. Tuesday is the fourth B. Thursday is the fifth C. the second is Tuesday D. the second is Thursday

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