牛津深圳版英语八年级下unit_1《helping_those_in_need》word重点内容汇编.doc教案

Unit 1 Helping those in need

一、知识导航：

1. raise (v) 筹募（钱）；增加，提高；举起；提出；养育(raise = keep 有“饲养，抚养”的意思)

第三人称单数：raises 过去式：raised 过去分词：raised 现在分词：raising

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2 1. We raised some money for the Project of Hope.

2. If you answer the teacher’s questions, you must raise your hand.

3. The book raises many important questions.

4. The local government raised the price of house.

(1) 这两个词都有“提高，上升，增加”的意思，但其用法不同。

raise 是及物动词，其主语通常是人；而rise 是不及物动词，其主语通常是物。

例如：The sun rises and bathes the earth. 太阳升起，普照大地。

(2) raise 和rise 用于同一事物时含义不同, raise 是人为增加或提高，而rise 是自然增加或提高。

例如：The price of TV sets has been raised recently. 最近电视机提价了。（政府或厂家主动行动）

The price of TV sets has risen recently. 最近电视机提价了。（市场调节）

2. permission (n.) 允许 = agreement 准许；批准

例如：Without permission, you mustn’t enter the teachers’ office.

同根词：permit v. 许可，准许；默许 permit --- permitted ---- permitted

permit sb. to do sth. = allow sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事

例如: The guards permitted me to bring my camera and tape recorder.

辨析：permit, allow, let 的区别：

allow 侧重听任或默许，即不加阻止，语气较轻；

permit 通常指上级、规则或法令等表示的准许，指给予做某事的权利，如通过法令和正式条文“允

许”做某事，语气较重；

let 指允许某人做某事，含有不加限制之意，多用于口语中，后面接不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。

3. I helped sick children. sick adj. 生病的 a sick man/the sick 病人

【辨析】sick and ill ：

4. I taught disabled children to sing.

disabled 英 [d ?s'e ?bld] adj.残废的；有缺陷的用作形容词 (adj.)

同根词：disable v. = make (sb.) unable to do sth. 使无能力；使残废，使伤残

enable v. = make (sb.) able to do sth. 使（某人）能够做某事

teach sb. to do. sth. 教某人做某事

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5. Three teenagers offered to do some voluntary work during the school holidays.

必须用

的东西，尤其是生活用品。常用于provide sb. with sth. 或provide sth. for sb. 的固定搭配中。

offer 表示主动提供服务、工作等。常用于offer sb. sth.或offer sth. to sb. 固定搭配中。

例如：offer sb.主动提出帮助某人；offer sb. a good salary 给某人一个好工资。

（2）辨析：

during, in 与for

6. The children there all suffer from serious illnesses. suffer(名词）suffering

suffer from sth. 因某事受苦、受折磨，其后常接表示疾病、痛苦、寒冷、饥饿悲伤等的词语

Many teenagers are suffering from the computer games.

suffer (vt.) 和suffer from 的区别：suffer 指一般的损害、痛苦等等，但suffer from 指长期的或习惯性的痛苦或困难。

suffer ：1. 感到疼痛、痛苦 He died very quickly, he didn't suffer much. 他死得很快,

没有多少痛苦.

2. 承受,遭受 You must be prepared to suffer consequences. 你要准备承担后果.

suffer from ： 1. 患有（疾病等） She suffers from headache. 她患头痛病

2. 为...所苦,因...而吃苦头 I'm suffering from a real lack of time this week. 我这周为时间不够

用而苦。

7. We taught them to tell stories. tell v. 讲述，告诉

tell stories 讲故事

【辨析】tell, talk, speak, say ：

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(3) He can speak Japanese and Chinese. (4) Can you say it in English?

8. help them express their feeling: 帮助他们表达感受

Help sb do (to do) sth: 帮助某人做某事

E.g.：I always help my mother clean the house on Sundays.

express v. 表达；表露。同根词：expression n. 表现，表示，表达；表情

E.g.：This helps them express their feelings. 这有助于他们表达他们的情感。

She gave expression to her sadness. 她流露出了悲伤之情。

9. We spend time with a girl called Vivien. spend v. 度过，消磨

跟踪练习

1. They spend too much time the report.

A. writing

B. to write

C. on writing

D. write

2. --Will you please for my dinner Peter? --Sure!

A. spend

B. pay

C. cost

D. take

3. It will me too much time to read this book.

A. take

B. cost

C. spend

D. pay

4. This science book ____ me a great amount of money.

A. took

B. cost

C. used

D. spent

5. --The T-shirt looks nice on you! How much does it ____?

--I just _____ ten dollars for it.

A. take; afforded

B. cost; paid

C. cost; spent

D. costs; spend

10. Her parents died in a car accident, and she is unhappy and very lonely.

(1) die v. 死 dying ，现在分词 dead adj. 死去的

the dead 死人 death n. 死亡

(2) unhappy adj. 伤心的，不快乐的

【拓展】构词法讲解：前缀

【辨析】lonely，alone的用法区别：

【一言辨异】I was travelling alone in the lonely mountain. I didn’t feel lonely though I was alone.

跟踪练习：

Though his grandparent lives____, he never feel _____.

A. alone; alone

B. alone; lonely

C. lonely; lonely

D. lonely; alone

11. She needs friendship.

need: 此处为实义动词，意为“需要”。后面可接名词、代词或动词不定式。

E.g.: They don’t need any help. / He needs to have a good rest.

【注意】need后接动词-ing形式时表示被动意义。The flowers need watering.

【拓展】need 作情态动词时，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。

You needn’t become very nervous.

-Must I bring my homework now? – No, you needn’t. You can bring it tomorrow.

12. My mother and I will continue to visit Vivien.

Continue vt. continue to do/continue doing 继续做某事They continued to read/reading the book.

vi. 继续，连续，延伸The snow continued for two days.

continue with sth. 使某事物继续存在或不断发生You can continue with your work.

13. They have difficulty walking or moving.

have difficulty (in) doing/have difficulty with sth.

I have difficulty in (solving) the problem.

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I have great trouble in ____________(finish) the work by myself. Could you help me?

14. I taught them to sing because music can bring them joy and peace.

bring: 及物动词，意为“带来”。

【辨析】bring, take, get, carry

A. take

B. bring

C. get

D. carry

15. We need to help children like Tim and raise their spirits.

like 介词，像Teenagers want to be famous like Liu Xiang.

look like 看起来像; sound like 听起来像; feel like doing想做某事

动词，喜欢like doing/like to do

16. I will continue to do voluntary work in the future.

in the future在将来in future=from now on从今以后

17. in good health 身体健康healthy adj.

18. A person with courage is usually not afraid of something dangerous or difficult.

（1）courage n. 勇气；勇敢He showed great courage and determination. 他表现得十分勇敢和果断。

同根词：encourage v. 鼓励，鼓舞；支持；促进；鼓动

My English teacher often encourages us to read English aloud. 我的英语老师常常鼓励我们大声读英语。

（2）be afraid of: 害怕。。。

19. make friends with sb. 和...交朋友；exchange seats 交换座位; shake hands with... 与...握手; take turns to do 轮流做某事

20. He used to love sports until he hurt his legs in an a accident.

(1) Until 直到...的时候，直到...为止，一般可与“till”替换（not…until：直到。。。才）

We walked until it got dark. The supermarket is open until at 9 .

The little girl didn’t stop crying unti l she saw her mother.

(2) hurt v. = injure 使疼痛；受伤

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Tim hurt his legs in an accident, but he has lots of courage. 提姆在一次事故中伤了腿，但他很勇敢。

同根词：hurt adj. 受伤的；痛苦的；（受）损坏的

They did not seem to be badly hurt. 他们看起来没有受重伤。

搭配：hurt oneself 受伤Have you hurt yourself? 你伤着自己了吗？

跟踪练习Tigers wait _____ it is dark, and then go out to find their food.

A. since

B. until

C. as

D. because

21. Thanks for your help. Thanks / Thank you for doing/sth.

22. I am thinking about playing tennis.

think about 考虑，想; think of 想，想起，认为; think over 认真考虑，仔细考虑

E.g.: He is thinking about a problem.

The old picture made me think of my childhood./What do you think of the book?

Think over the question before you answer it./ Let me think it over.

23. be able to do 不能做某事/ be unable to do能够做某事

24. Eight-three per cent/percent of them were girls.

E.g.: Thirty per cent of students in our class take buses to school.

In China, seventy percent of drinking water is from groundwater.

25.Because of this, the CCTF launched the Spring Bud Projects to help them.

Because of由于，因为

【辨析】because of，because

26. Since then, the project has helped millions of girls return to school. Return，回来；返回

(1)since then, 从那时起，常用于现在完成时

(2)return to回到...; return from.从...回来;

(3)return=giveback I borrowed a book from the school librar y, I haven’t returned it yet.

27. Now I work as a teacher at a Spring Bud school here in Guangxi. as 介词，作为

as 介词，作为，He came to China as a tourist five years ago.

副词，同样地，通常用于as...as句型中，He is as old as me.

连词，像...一样，按照，如同；当时Do as I do. I saw him as he was getting off the bus.

28. interview sb. 采访某人；have an interview with sb. 采访某人，和某人交谈

三、语法专项：动词不定式的用法。

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1. 基本结构：to + 动词原形（有时可省略to）not to + 动词原形（否定形式）

2. 可在句子中充当成分：主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。

3. 主要用法归纳：

（1）作宾语：常作及物动词的宾语。常跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有：want, wish, hope, manage, pretend, decide, learn, agree, expect, demand, long, ask, care, choose, dare, fail, offer, plan, prepare,

promise, refuse, desire, happen, appear, intend, like等。

当动词不定式作宾语时，如果后接宾语补足语，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放

在宾语补足语后。I find it difficult to learn Japanese well.

B. 当两个或两个以上的不定式连用时，后面的不定式往往省略to.

He began to read and write after dinner.

（2）作宾语补足语：动词不定式做作宾语补足语，放在宾语后面，表示宾语时什么或怎么样。常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask, tell, like, love, hate, would like, order, teach, want, wish,

advise等。

I saw Li Lei fall down from his bike. / The boss made the workers work over ten hours a day in the past.

这些动词可归纳为:“一感(feel)，二听(listen to, hear)，三让(let, make, have,，四看(look at, see,

watch, notice)，半帮助(help)(即在动词help后面作宾语补足语时，to可有可无)”。

（3）作目的状语：动词不定式表目的时，可放在句子的前面，也可放在句子的末尾。但在句子前面时，动词不定式常用逗号与句子隔开，而在句子末尾时一般不用逗号隔开。

To get there on time, we set out at five in the morning.

He goes there to enjoy the fresh air.

【拓展】为了强调目的，有时可以在不定式前加in order或so as。

In order to get there on time, we set out at five in the morning.

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常用结构：too + adj./adv. + to do sth.：太。。。而不能。

The child is too young to go to school.

（4）疑问词+动词不定式：疑问代词who, what, which等和疑问副词when, where, how等后面跟不定式，构

成不定式短语。这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等句子成

分。

1. Where to go is still a question. 到哪里去还是个问题。（作主语）

2. I know where to find the boy. 我知道到哪里能找到这个男孩。（作动词know的

宾语）

3. The question is how to learn English well. 问题是怎样学好英语。（作表语）

【拓展】“疑问词+动词不定式（短语）”作宾语时，相当于一个宾语从句。

I don’t know what to do next time. = I don’t know what I should do next time.

Li Ping does n’t know why to learn En glish. = Li Ping doesn’t know why he should learn English.

Which to choose is important. = Which we should choose is important.

The question is where to go. = The question is where we should go.

（5）固定句式中动词不定式的用法：

常见固定句式中的动词不定式考点：had better (not) do sth./Would you like to do sth.?/

Why not do sth.?/Would you please (not) do sth.?等。

（6）动词不定式专项训练题：

一、单项选择。

1. Tom find _______ difficult to work out the Maths problem.

A. This

B. That

C. It

D. Its

2. We decided _______ at the end of this month.

A. travel

B. not start out

C. to leave

D. going

3. They have no paper_______.

A. to write

B. to write with

C. write on D .to write on

4. Let him _______ a rest. I think he must be tired after the long walk.

A. has

B. have

C. to have

D. having

5. _______the computer is a problem.

A. How to use

B. What to use

C. Where to use

D. Which to use

6. The teacher told us _______in bed.

A. don’t read

B. read not

C. to not read

D. not to read

7. The old man was _______angry _______ say a word.

A. so, that

B. as, as

C. too, to

D. very, to

8. Why _______home tomorrow?

A. not go

B. not going

C. not to go

D. didn’t go

二、用所给动词的正确形式填空。

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1. They want _______(save) time by using shorter words and phrases.

2. Kitty’s classmate Daniel taught himself how _______(make) a home page.

3. He put his photos on it for everyone _______(look) at.

4. Help him _______(put) the photos in the correct order.

5. He made the girl _______(cry) yesterday.

6. I’d like _______(go) to the Temple of Heaven.

Homework

一、背诵课后单词。

二、熟读课文。

三、练习：

1. 按照要求写单词。

raise (v.) ---- （过去式）----- （过去分词）hurt (v.) ---- （过去式）---- （过去分词）

meet (v. ) ---- （过去式）---- （过去分词）teach (v.) ---- （过去式）---- （过去分词）

permit (v.) --- （过去式）--- （过去分词）permit (v.) ---- (n. 准许，许可)

organize (v.) ---- (n.组织) express (v.) --- (n.表达) pain (n.) ---- (adj.疼痛的) joy (n.) ---- (adj.欢乐的) peace (n.) --- (adj.和平的) voluntary (adj.) ---- (n.志愿者) ill (adj.) ---- (n.疾病) difficult （adj.）---- (n.困难) friend (n.) 朋友---- (n友谊) courage (n.) ---- (v鼓励)

2. 根据句意及首字母提示完成单词。

1. The old man fell off his bike and ____________ his knee（膝盖）.

2. Let’s do something for the old people in the __________(社区）.

3. I p_______ thirty yuan for the book last week.

4. We saw a ___________(严重的）accident yesterday.

5. _____________(友谊）is important in our life.

6. Tell him to ask my p____________ before he borrows something.

7. They are ___________(筹集）money for the people who lost homes in the earthquake.

8. He is __________ from a bad cold.

9. Bill is not afraid to _____________(表达）his opinions.

10. I have ____________ in solving the problem.

11. We should ____________(鼓励）the d____________ to raise their ___________.

12. Tom is in hospital because of a serious ___________(疾病）.

13. They had to stay at home b__________ of a heavy snow.

3. 用所给词的适当形式填空。

1. ___________ (help) others make me happy.

2. Daming has great difficulty ___________(speak) English.

3. In order _____________ (learn) Japanese, he went to Japan.

4. Do you know the girl ___________(call) Lily?

5. Shenzhen has a population of over ten ____________(million).

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6. The teacher is _____________(friendship) to us.

7. Our teacher encourage us _________________ (not give) up when we meet difficulties.

8. He is __________(able) from voting.

9. The children there all suffer from serious ___________(ill).

10. She gave ____________(express) to her sadness.

11. It felt like the ___________(alone) place in the world.

12. I had no _________ (difficult) making myself understood.

13. Evening in the country is a very__________(peace) time.

14. I taught them to sing because music can bring them _________(enjoy) and peace.

15. What do you know about our __________(organize) ?

4. 单项选择。

( )1. Peter offered to teach them water-skiing.

A. is willing

B. is not willing to

C. is ready

D. is not ready

( )2. Is there _________ in today’s newspaper?

A. special something

B. something special

C. special anything

D. anything special

( )3. The teacher speaks very loudly ______ all the students can hear her.

A. so that

B. because

C. since

D. When

( )4. --How much did you _____ for the computer? --4,000 yuan.

A. Spend

B. Cost

C. pay

D. take

( )5. Sam’s parents died in an accident. He feels very_________.

A. tired

B. busy

C. shy

D. lonely

( )6. “What are you going to do this weekend?” “I’d like my parents.”

A. to visit

B. visit

C. visiting

D. visits

( )7. —What’s your plan for the summer holidays?

—I’ve no idea, but I’ve decided at home.

A. stay

B. to stay

C. stayed

D. staying

( )8. Last week our geography teacher told us more information about how to protect the environment.

A. get

B. got

C. to get

D. getting

( )9. Our headmaster asked us a report on how to protect wild animals.

A. write

B. writing

C. to write

D. wrote

( )10. — How do you feel when you watch the national flag go up?

—It makes me very proud.

A. felt

B. to feel

C. feeling

D. feel

( )11. It took her half an hour the Water Park by bus last Sunday.

A. gets to

B. get to

C. to get to

D. getting to

( )12. It’s dangerous for you that tall tree.

A. climb

B. to climb

C. climbing

D. climbed

( )13. —My brother is ill in hospital.—I’m sorry that.

A. hear

B. hearing

C. heard

D. to hear

( )14. The TV set is too loud. Will you please _______?

A. turn down it

B. turn it down

C. to turn it down

D. to turn down it

( )15. It’s cold outside. You had better _______ your coat.

A. to put on

B. putting on

C. puts on

D. put on

5. 阅读理解。

It was a very hot day. Two farmers, Jack and Jim, sat in the shade of a large neem tree. Both of them were eating chapattis (印度薄饼) for lunch. Jack had three pieces of the flat, round Indian bread while Jim had five. As they were about to begin their meal, a young nobleman (贵族) went by.

"Good day! Good sirs!" said the nobleman. The nobleman looked very hungry and tired, so Jack and Jim

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invited the man to eat with them.

"How can we divide these eight chapattis into three equal parts among the three of us?" asked Jack.

"Let us stack (叠起来) them up and cut the chapattis into three equal parts," suggested Jack.

After cutting the chapattis, they shared the parts equally, and no one ate more or less than anyone else.

After they finished the meal, the nobleman insisted on (坚持) paying for his meal. He put six coins in Jack's hand and ten coins into Jim's hand. And the two men were both very glad!

( ) 1. How many people are there in this story?

A. Two.

B. Four.

C. Five.

D. Three.

( ) 2. What does the underlined word "divide" mean in Chinese?

A．把……切割B．把……丢弃C．把……留给D．把……分成

( ) 3. How did they divide the eight chapattis into three equal parts?

A. They stacked them up and cut them into three equal parts.

B. They weighed them and cut them into three equal parts.

C. They numbered them and divided them into three equally.

D. All three people ate two chapattis and left the rest.

( ) 4. The nobleman paid _________ for his meal in all.

A. six coins

B. ten coins

C. sixteen coins

D. four coins

( ) 5. Which is TRUE according to the passage?

A. There are nine pieces of the flat, round Indian bread in all.

B. The nobleman didn't look hungry and tired at all.

C. Jim thought of a good idea to cut the chapattis equally.

D. All the three people shared the parts equally at last.

6. 完型填空。

Are you ready for the adventure of your lifetime? Do you love to travel and ___1___ new people?

If your answer ___2____ these questions is "Yes", then read on.

Have you ever lived and studied in ___3____ country? No? Well, now it is your chance!

Student exchange (交换) is fun, exciting and will teach ___4___ new things. It gives you the chance to experience a ___5___ culture and learn a new language. You will never have another experience like this!

There are two stages (阶段) in every student exchange, a hosting stage and a visiting sage. For hosting stage, an exchange student will travel to your hometown and ___6___ with your family for three months. Then, you will travel to the hometown of your exchange partner and live with his or her family for three months ___7___ the visiting stage. You will go to school there and live just like a member of the host family.

____8___ can go on a student exchange? All secondary school students can go on an exchange if you have done ___9___ in your class this year. You should be 14-17, and you would like to learn the language, culture, history, geography and the way of life in another country. And you should have your application (申请) approved (批准) by the head teacher.

So, what are you ___10___ for? Apply today!

( ) 1. A. watch B. talk C. meet D. look

( ) 2. A. to B. of C. with D. for

( ) 3. A. others B. the other C. other D. another

( ) 4. A. your B. you C. his D. our

( ) 5. A. different B. same C. strange D. usual

( ) 6. A. study B. learn C. help D. live

( ) 7. A. after B. before C. during D. between

( ) 8. A. Who B. What C. Which D. When

( ) 9. A. good B. nice C. well D. hard

( ) 10. A. waiting B. living C. playing D. inviting

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