计算机专业英语课程论文

《计算机专业英语》课程论文

论文题目 Toward sociable robots 面向交际的机器人 学生姓名 （学号） 所在学院 所在班级 指导教师 提交时间 成绩 信息学院 计科1111班 彭伟民 2013年 10 月 30 日

目录

目 录

目 录 ......................................................................................................... 1 ABSTRACT 摘要 ...................................................................................... 2 KEYWORDS 关键字 ................................................................................ 3 1. INTRODUCTION 简介 ........................................................................ 3 2. PARADIGMS OF SOCIAL ROBOTS 交际机器人的样式 ................. 4 3. OUR SOCIABLE ROBOT, KISMET 我们的交际机器人，使命 .... 10 4. REGULATING THE EXCHANGE OF SPEAKING TURNS 调节说话轮流交换 ............................................................................................... 11 4.1. Vocal turn-taking experiments 声音开启试验 .............................. 13 4.2. Evaluation 评价 ............................................................................. 15 5. DISCUSSION 论述 ............................................................................. 19 6. CONCLUSION 结论 ........................................................................... 22 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 致谢 ............................................................ 23 APPENDIX A. 附录A .......................................................................... 23 REFERENCES 参考文献 ....................................................................... 25 VITAE 个人简历 ..................................................................................... 26

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《计算机专业英语》课程论文

《Robotics and Autonomous Systems》 《机器人和自主系统》

Volume 42, Issues 3–4, 31 March 2003, Pages 167–17542 卷，3–问题4，2003月31，167–175页 Socially Interactive Robots 交际互动的机器人

Toward sociable

robots

Cynthia Breazeal

MIT Media Lab, 77 Massachusetts Ave, NE 18-5FL, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

面向交际的机器人 辛西娅·布雷齐尔

MIT媒体实验室，马萨诸塞州77大道，北18-5fl，剑桥，MA 02139，美国

Abstract 摘要

This paper explores the topic of social robots—the class of robots that people anthropomorphize in order to interact with them. From the diverse and growing number of applications for such robots, a few distinct modes of interaction are beginning to emerge. We distinguish four such classes: socially evocative, social interface, socially receptive, and sociable. For the remainder of the paper, we explore a few key features of sociable robots that distinguish them from the others. We use the vocal turn-taking behavior of our robot, Kismet, as a case study to highlight these points.

本文探讨的话题是交际机器人——为了与人类互动而诞生的人格化机器人。自从这样的机器人应用的多样性和数量的增加，一些相互作用的不同的模式开始出现。我们区分为四类：有亲和力，能与人交流，适应社会，善于交际。本文的其余部分，我们探讨一些关键功能的交际机器人区别于其他人。我们用声音开启我们的机器人，使命，作为一个案例研究去突出这一点。

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《计算机专业英语》课程论文

Keywords 关键字

Sociable robots; Human–robot interaction; Humanoid robots; Facial expression; Social interaction

交际机器人；人类–机器人互动；仿真机器人；面部表情；交际互动

1. Introduction 简介

Recent commercial applications are emerging where the ability to interact with people in an entertaining, engaging, or anthropomorphic manner is an important part of the robot’s functionality. A new generation of robotic toys have emerged (such as Tiger Electronic’s hamsters-like Furby or Sony’s robotic dog, Aibo) whose behavior changes the more children play with it. Video games, such as Creatures, allow the participant to ―genetically‖ design graphical critters and then interact with them. Lego Mindstorms takes a more engineering approach, providing people with a robot toolkit. 最近的商业应用，出现了一个有趣的，引人入胜的，或拟人化方式的与人交往的能力，是机器人的功能的一个重要组成部分。新一代的机器人玩具出现（如虎电子仓鼠像菲比或索尼的机器狗，AIBO）的行为变化促使了更多的孩子与它们玩耍。视频游戏，如生物，让参与者的“基因”设计的图形动物，然后与他们互动。乐高机器人采用了更多的工程方法，为人们提供了一个机器人工具包。

Although the ability of these products to interact with people (and people’s ability to interact with them) is limited, they are motivating the development of increasingly life-like and socially sophisticated robots. Mediated communication through robotic avatars would allow one to have a physical and social presence to others despite being geographically distant. Location based entertainment applications such as museum tour guide robots [13] offer not only entertainment value but also provide visitors with information of interest. Health-related applications are being explored, such as robot nursemaids that help the elderly , or robotic pets (such as Omron’s NeCoRo) that are intended to provide some of the health-related benefits of pet ownership. NASAs humanoid robot, Robonaut, developed at the Johnson Space Center is envisioned to be an astronaut’s assistant. The success of these robots hinges not only on their utility but also on their ability to be responsive to and interact with people in a natural and intuitive manner.

虽然这些产品与人交往的能力（与人的互动与他们的能力）是有限的，它们是发展越来越生活化和有更有社会经验的机器人。尽管相距遥远，介导的通信通

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《计算机专业英语》课程论文

过机器人化身将允许一个物理和社会存在的人交流。基于场所的娱乐应用，如博物馆导游机器人[ 13 ]不仅提供娱乐价值也提供游客感兴趣的信息。与健康相关的应用正在探索，如机器人保姆帮助老年人，或机器宠物（如欧姆龙的尼克罗）的目的是提供一些有益健康的宠物。美国宇航局的人形机器人，机器宇航员，在约翰逊航天中心开发的设想成为一个宇航员的助手。这些机器人的成功不仅取决于它们自己的功能也取决于他们以自然和直观的方式去回应和与人们互动的能力。

2. Paradigms of social robots 交际机器人的样式

It is important to recognize that humans are a profoundly social species. Our social-emotional intelligence is a useful and powerful means for understanding the behavior of, and for interacting with, some of the most complex entities in our world—people and other living creatures [12]. Faced with non-living things of sufficient complexity (i.e., when the observable behavior is not easily understood in terms of its underlying mechanisms), we often apply a social model to explain, understand, and predict their behavior as well [15]. For instance, we are all familiar that people anthropomorphize all sorts of technologies (e.g., cars, computers, etc.). The studies of Premack and Premack [14] show that people attribute mental states (i.e., intents, beliefs, feelings, desires, etc.) to describe the behavior of interacting shapes on a screen. Even Braitenberg [4] often uses such mentalistic terms to describe the behavior of his ingenious vehicles. Right or wrong, people rely on social models (or fluidly switch between using a social model with other mental models) to make complex behavior more familiar and understandable and more intuitive with which to interact. We do this because it is enjoyable for us, and it is often surprisingly quite useful.

认识到人类是一个深刻的社会物种很重要。我们的社会情绪智力是一个有用的和强大的理解行为方式，并与我们的世界中一些人和其他生物的[ 12 ]最复杂的实体互动。面对非生物足够的复杂性，（即，当观察到的行为在机制方面不是很容易理解）我们经常应用社会模型来解释，理解，和预测他们的行为[ 15 ]。例如，我们都很熟悉人们赋予人性的各种技术（例如，汽车，电脑，等）。普雷马克研究和普雷马克[ 14 ]表明，人们的心理状态归因的研究（即，意图，信仰，情感，欲望，等等）来描述相互作用的形状在屏幕上的行为。即使Braitenberg [ 4 ]经常使用这种唯心主义的术语来描述他的巧妙的车辆的行为。对或错，人们依靠社会模式（或使用一个社会模式与其他心理模型之间的流体交换）使复杂的行为更多的熟悉和理解更直观的，交互的。我们这样做是因为它让我们愉快，

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