新编大学英语5Unit1-6课文语言点整理

《新编大学英语5》1－6单元语言点整理

英语教育学院 薛媛 680361

2011-12-16

Unit 1

1. agent (Line 2) n. [C] a means of …手段，途径

1) a person who acts for or represents another， 代理人 e.g. Please contact our agent in Spain for further information. travel agent 旅行社经纪人 real estate agent 地产经纪人 agency.

e.g. an employment agency

2) a person or thing that produces a particular effect or change 产生某种效果的人力或物质

a chemical agent, oxidizing agents 化学制剂，氧化剂

a cleaning agent 除垢剂

a FBI (secret) agent (= a spy) 密探

2. subject (Line3, para.1)

A. n. [C]

1) a person who lives in or who has the right to live in a

particular country, especially a country with a king or queen: 臣民，公民

E.g. She is Italian by birth and a British subject by marriage.

2) 主题，对象，科目

Eg. a. What did he say on the subject of age?

b. His appearance was the subject for some critical comments.

3) subject for sth. 引起某种情感或行为的人或物 a subject for pity, ridicule, jealousy B. subject (adj.)

subject to sth./sb.:

1) obliged to obey sth./sb.; under the authority o sth./sb. 服从，受支配 E.g. a. Everyone is subject to the law.

b. The arrangements are subject to change at short notice.

c. All such gatherings are subject to the laws on political meetings.

d. His hiring is subject to your approval.

2) often having, suffering or undergoing sth.; liable to sth.. 常患或常遭受某事物；倾向某事物 E.g. Are you subject to colds?

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The plan is subject to alteration. 计划可能有变。

3. lend ~~ to (line. 23, Para. 3) lend：~ sth. (to sth.)

= contribute or add sth. to sth. 提供或增添某物 E.g. lend one’s services 提供服务 lend the occasion a little glamour 给这一场合增添一点光彩 E.g. His presence lent dignity to the occasion.

有他出席这一场合就更形庄严.

4. attain (Line 25, Para. 3) (formal.)

to reach or succeed in getting something; to achieve:

eg. a. He has attained the highest grade in his music exams.

b. We need to identify the best ways of attaining our objectives / goals. c. India attained independence in 1947, after decades of struggle. p.s. attainable (adj.) (formal.) possible to achieve:

E.g. We must ensure that we do not set ourselves goals that are not attainable.

5. the apple of one’s eye. (slang.) someone’s most loved person. 掌上明珠 E.g. His 2-year-old daughter is the apple of her eye. 其他与水果相关的俚语:

top banana 大老板

E.g. Who‘s your top banana? 谁是你们的老板？ the Big Apple N. Y. City

E.g. The little girl is from the Big Apple. 这个女孩来自于纽约城。 a lemon 没有价值的商品 E.g. That car is a lemon. 那辆小汽车不值钱。 Bean

豆，豆型果实 (slang.) 人的头部，或少量(复数) Bean Brain 白痴

E.g. I don't know beans about the stock market. beans about something 对某事物一无所知

Pea 豌豆

like two peas in a pod 一模一样 Grape 葡萄

sour grapes 酸葡萄 (当某人发现自己达不到或得不到某事物后而对这种事物的否定，贬低。)

E.g. The losers' scorn for the award is pure sour grapes. Potato 土豆

couch potato 习惯懒散的人，终日赖在沙发上的人

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hot potato 难对付的人 small potatoes 不重要的

6. survey (Line.35, Para.5)

A. vt. (slightly formal.) to look at or

examine all of something, especially carefully 全面研究或论述 Eg. a. He got out of the car to survey the damage.

b. She has written a book which surveys (= describes in detail) the history of feminism.

B. Survey. (n.)

1) 全面的观察或论述，概论

a survey of the situation, subject

2) (对部分人的行为或意见等的) 调查 A public opinion survey

7. take (no/great) pleasure in (doing) sth. (Line 38, Para. 5）（不）以作某事为乐 Eg. a. The naughty boy seemed to take pleasure in his parents’ suffering. b. They take pleasure in reminding us of our poverty. 类似的表达还有 take pride in sb./sth.

8. far and near: everywhere (Line 41)

up and down: moving upwards and downwards

ups and downs: good and bad periods, fortune or spirits following one another in turn

day and night: all the time on and off: from time to time

now and then: sometimes but not very often here and there: in different places 9. go forth (line. 50)

向前去, (命令等)被发布, 被发表 Eg. The decree had gone forth.

10. shower. v. (line. 87) to pour down in a shower:

纷撒, 将…阵雨般倾倒下来：

E.g. ….showered confetti on the parade. ….将五彩纸屑天女散花般撒在游行队伍中

Unit 2 Manners

1. to buzz with (line 5): (of a bee) to make a continuous low sound; to be full of excitement, activity, etc. 充满兴奋（或活动等）： e.g. 1）The room’s crowd buzzed with excitement.

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2）The place was buzzing with journalists. 3) New York buzzes from dawn to dusk.

2. to gather together/up (line 14，47): bring things together that have been spread around

e.g. 1) The child gathered up his toys and put them away. 2), 3) p.54

区别：to gather in: to harvest

e.g. This enabled us to gather in the summer crops in time.

3. Be laden with(para1, line15)

Note: load; lade-laded-laden; carrying a load or burden

Eg. There are many passengers laden with luggage at the train station.

4. to dish up (line 23): to put (food) into dishes; serve e.g. 1) Help me to dish up the vegetables, please. 2), 3) p.54

to dish up: to produce (facts/arguments)

e.g. 1) He dished up a lot of useful facts and figures at the meeting.

2) Our history teacher has been dishing up the same old lessons for 20 years.

5. Give and take/ give-and-take (line 35) n./v. 公平交易；互谅互让；交谈；交换意见

1) Negotiation entails ~.

2) Married life is said to be a matter of ~. 3) They sat down for a lengthy ~.

4) We must all ~ a little if we want peace.

6. to lecture on/about (line 40)

to scold or warn solemnly( especially at some length) 教训，训斥，告诫 e.g. 1) The doctor lectured his patient about smoking too much.

2），3）p54

7. stride(L69) v.&n. to move with large steps; improvement 大步行走; 进展 Eg. 1) The firm has made great strides since it was taken over by the larger company. 自从这个公司被大公司收购，就取得了巨大的进展。 2) The country has made great strides towards self-sufficiency. 这个国家在自给自足方面已经取得了长足的进步。 3), 4) p53

p.s. 区别stripe, strive

stripe: 条纹，线条

Strive：try very hard to achieve sth.力争，力求

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8. To sum up

1) to buzz with 2) to gather up 3) to be laden with 4) to dish up 5) give and take 6) to lecture on

7) to make strides in/towards

Unit 3 Business Strategies

1. (make/have) impacts on 对…产生影响

1) Global warming has a great impact on the environment. 2) Her speech made a profound impact on everyone.

3) Higher mortgage rates have already had a major impact on spending.

4) The resignation of the president has made a significant impact on government policy.

2. Sustitute (n./v.) for 替代

1) The course teaches you the theory but there’s no substitute for practical experience.

2) The local bus service was a poor substitute for their car.

3) If you cannot go yourself, please find someone to substitute for you. 4) The recipe says you can substitute yoghurt for the sour cream.

5) The coach has to find a substitute for Tim who was taken ill before the game.

3. Adapt to 适应

1) We have had to adapt quickly to the new system. 2) A large organization can be slow to adapt to change.

3) It took him quite a while to adapt himself to his new surroundings. 4) The children are finding it hard to adapt to the new school.

4. In conflict with/over 跟谁有矛盾

1) She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career. 2) John often comes into conflict with his boss.

3) The principles of democracy are sometimes in conflict with political reality.

4) Andrew and Rebecca are in conflict over who should be responsible for the accident.

5. Business Terms in Text Subsidiary 子公司 joint venture合资公司 cut cost降低成本 downsize裁员

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increase profit增加利润 shareholders股东 innovation革新 go bankrupt破产

fierce competition激烈的竞争 the market economy市场经济

Unit 4 Friends and Friendship

1. draw out: demand or elicit the full expression of 使…充分发挥

Eg. a. 这个新任务充分发挥了他的才智。

The new mission drew out his talents.

b. 慢慢地，巴罗夫人的影响开始发挥出这个女子隐藏的品质。

Slowly, Mrs. Burrow’s influence began to draw out the woman’s hidden qualities.

c. 新的责任使他潜在的才智充分发挥出来了。

The new responsibilities drew out his latent talents.

Cf. draw on/upon： use sth. 使用; 利用; 运用 Eg. a. 我们这一项目自始至终都借助她的经验.

We drew on her experience throughout the project. b. 我只好动用我的储蓄.

I shall have to draw on my savings.

2. not so much… as… not one thing but rather sth else 不是...而是... She's not so much rich as careless with money. 她倒不是有钱而是太不在乎钱了.

Linda is not so much a teacher as a sister. 琳达与其说是老师还不如说是个姐姐。 3. Leave off (page139, line77, para9) break off; stop doing sth.; 停止；中断 1）我希望雨能中断、停5分钟。

I wish the rain would leave off for 5 minutes. 2) 让我们从中断处开始。

Let’s start again from where we left off. 3）Br.E别喊了！我在这儿没法思考了。

Leave off shouting! Can’t hear myself think in here.

4. strike up (Line 78,Para.9)

1) (cause to) start to play music or sing; to start to play or sing (something): （使）开始歌唱或演奏音乐

Eg. a. 乐队突然开始演奏。

The band suddenly struck up. b. 管弦乐队开始演奏圆舞曲。

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The orchestra struck up a waltz. c. 让乐队开始演奏。

Strike up the band!

2) to initiate or begin: 发动或开始： Eg. a. to strike up a conversation 开始谈话

b. They struck up an acquaintance (with each other) on the plane. 他们在飞机上（相互）认识了。

5. in/out of step (with sb/sth) conforming/not conforming to what others are doing or thinking 与他人谐调/不谐调

1) 这种训练形式与工业的变化不谐调。

This type of training is out of step with changes in the industry. 2) 他同现代思想不合拍。

He's out of step with modern ideas. 3) 乔舒亚与现代生活不合拍。

Joshua’s out of step with modern life. 4) 他与普通的选民不合拍。

He isn’t in step with ordinary voters.

Unit 5 Happiness

1. explode (Line 19, Para. 3)

v. 1) burst loudly with great force;爆炸

eg. Terrorists have exploded bombs across the country.

恐怖分子引爆了全国的炸弹。

2) Increase suddenly and rapidly in number or intensity 激增，迅速扩大 Eg. The population exploded to 40,000 during the tourist season. 在旅游旺季，人口激增到四万人。

v. 3) prove sth. that many people believe to be wrong or not true;推翻，揭穿 eg. a. Scientists wanted to explode the myth of a monster living in the lake.

科学家们想揭穿湖底有怪兽的荒诞说法。

b. This book finally explodes some of the myths about the origin of the universe. 该书最后推翻了有关宇宙起源的一些错误观念。

c. This book exploded some of the myths about longevity. 这本书揭穿了一些关于长寿的错误观念。

4) express strong feelings of anger suddenly and violently 大发雷霆 Eg. He exploded at hearing the bad news. 他一听到这个坏消息，就大发雷霆。 5) 名词形式：

explosion (n.) 爆炸（声）；（笑声、愤怒等的）爆发；人口激增 eg. a. 那次爆炸震撼了整栋建筑。

The explosion shook the whole building. b. 隔壁房间爆发出一阵笑声。

An explosion of laughter was heard from the next room.

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2. favor (v.) (Line 1, Para. 1)

prefer someone or something to others 青睐，拥护，偏爱 1) Both countries seem to favor the agreement. 两国都拥护这一协议。

2) Local voters seemed to favor Bush over Gore. 较之戈尔，当地选民似乎更拥戴布什。

3. engender v. (formal) be the cause of a situation or feeling 造成，导致 1) Her latest book has engendered a lot of controversy. 她的新书引发了不少争议。

2) Their financial success has engendered jealousy among other competitors. 他们在经济领域的成功引起了其他竞争者的嫉妒。

4. reflection (Line 11, Para.2)

n. 1)Image seen in a mirror or shiny surface; 影像

2) the sending back of light and heat from a surface 反射 She stared at her reflection in the mirror. 她看着镜子里自己的 样子。

The reflection of the lights in the rain made driving difficult. 雨中反射的 光线使驾车很艰难。

n. 3) sth. That shows the effects of, or is a sign of a particular condition or situation反映

４) the sending back of light and heat from a surface 想法，考虑 His unhappiness is a reflection of his mistaken marriage. 他的不幸福是他错误婚姻的反映。 He doesn’t get much time for reflection. 他没有时间来过多考虑。 5. rebound (Line 26, Para. 4) v. 1) bound back 弹回，反弹 2) recover from 恢复

Eg. a. The ball rebounded from the wall immediately.

球马上从墙上弹回来。

b. Teens, unlike adults typically rebound from either gloom or joy within an hour’s time.

和成年人不同，青少年的愁闷或快乐不到一个小时就能过去。

6. Give clue to

hint about, be associated with给予启发，产生关联

eg. a. Knowing someone’s age gives no clue to the person's sense of well-being.

一个人是否快乐，他的年龄并不能给我们任何启示。 b. His smile gives clue to his success in business. 他的笑容说明了他在生意上的成功。

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7. be grounded in (Line 36, Para. 5)

give a firm theoretical or practical basis 以…为基础／依据

1）The study of history must be grounded in a thorough knowledge of the past. 历史研究必须以对过去的透彻了解作为依据。

2）He acquired an understanding of psychological behavior grounded in facts. 在掌握事实的基础上，他对心理行为有了切实理解。

8. soar (line 38, para. 6)

1) Increase quickly to a high level or amount 猛增，剧增

2) Fly or go very high up in the sky 高飞，升腾

Eg. a. The country’s GDP soared by almost 40% in the recent years. 该国的国民生产总值近年来激增了近百分之四十。 b. The little plane suddenly soared upward. 小飞机突然升上天空。

3) (of buildings, trees, towers, etc,) look very tall高耸，屹立 Eg. Here the cliffs soar a hundred feet above the sea.

这里的悬崖从海平面上突起一百英尺高。

4) (of spirits or hopes) ascend suddenly above the normal or usual level （情绪、期望等）高涨

Eg. For the first time in months, my spirits soared with the exciting news.

好几个月来，我的心第一次被这个振奋人心的消息所激动。

9. reach out to (line 69, para. 11) Try to communicate or make contact With 试图与…交流／接触

活动的组织者试图与公众交流来取得他们的支持。

The organizers of the appeal are reaching out to the public for their help. 现代的政治家们都试图通过广播讲话来争取普通民众的支持。

Modern politicians try to reach out to ordinary people in their broadcast speeches.

Unit 6 Human Behavior

1. intense (para. 1. line 2)

(1) exciting in a high degree; violent; extreme 强烈的，极度的 (2) very emotional 感情强烈的

e.g. She was intense in emotions when she was turned down. 拒绝她后，她很受伤 n. intenseness

v. intensify 使…强烈， 变强烈

2. anguish (para.1. L3)

n. severe suffering 苦恼，苦闷

e.g. She was in anguish until she knew that her husband was rescued.

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她心里一直很痛苦，直到她知道她丈夫的生命已经得救才放心。 anguished a. 表现痛苦的，显得苦恼的 anguished looks 痛苦的表情

at the far end of (para. 1. L1) 在…的另一头

e.g. At the far end of the room stands an elegant woman talking cheerfully with a handsome gentleman.

屋的另一头一位优雅的女士正兴致勃勃地与一位英俊男士交谈。

3. resident expert in wine (para. 3. L9) 常驻品酒专家 e.g. He’s our resident expert on family affairs. 谈到家务事他可是专家。

4. toot one’s own horn (para.7. L19): show off 自吹自擂，炫耀（才能，功绩等）

e.g. He is always ready to toot his own horn, especially before ladies. 他总是爱炫耀，尤其在女士面前。

5. name-drop (para.7. L20)

v. mention famous people one knows or claims to know in order to impress others 借名流权贵来抬高自己

e.g. All of us are reluctant to talk to him, for he always names-drop. 我们都懒得和他交谈，因为他总爱借别人来抬高自己。 6. offensive (para. 8. L22) a. annoying 令人不快的，讨厌的 e.g. fish with an offensive smell 有难闻气味的鱼 offensive language 无礼的语言

The advertisements were highly offensive to women. 这些广告令女士们大为反感。 offend v. 违法，犯罪，冒犯，得罪

7. outshine (para.9. L27) v. shine brighter than 比…更亮，更出色 e.g. The young girl violinist outshone all the other competitors. 年轻的女提琴手比其他参赛者更出色。 Prefix “out” is always added before some verbs.

e.g. outdo outlive outgrow outweigh outwit

8. expertise (para. 9. L27) n. expert knowledge and skill 专门技能，专长 e.g. He has an expertise in identifying antiques. 鉴别古董他有一手。

9. go stand on one’s head (para.10. L38) 头脚倒立

e.g. The acrobatic players go stand on their heads freely and won much applause. 杂技演员轻松倒立赢得掌声阵阵。

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10. adorable (para 10. L40)

a. deserving adoration 值得尊敬的，可崇拜的

e.g. Even though they are common people, they are adorable. 尽管他们平凡，他们值得尊敬。 v. adore

11. lay/put one’s card(s) right on the table (para.17,L62 ) 彻底公开，和盘托出 e.g.

1） I think it’s time I put my cards on the table. You see, I’m not really a student. 我想我该说实话了：你知道，我不是一名学生。

2） John laid his cards on the table and told her how much they could afford. 约翰亮了底牌，告诉了她，他们付得起多少钱。

12. work…into…(para.17, L63)

----add one thing or idea to another, or include one thing or idea in another 把…穿插进去，把…插入

e.g.1） We hope you can work a few jokes into your speech to make it more interesting.

我们希望你能在演讲中插入一些笑话，这样就会更有趣味一些。 2） Would it be possible to work a couple of meetings into your schedule? 有没有可能在你的计划中加入两次会议？

13. proclaim (para.17, L65)

------to say publicly or officially that something important is true or exists 宣告，宣布，声明 e.g.

1） The President proclaimed the republic's independence. 总统宣布共和国独立。

proclaim that

2） Protesters proclaimed that the girl was innocent. 抗议者声称那个女孩是无辜的。 proclaim sb sth

3） His son was immediately proclaimed king. 他的儿子马上被宣布为国王。

比较claim, reclaim, exclaim Claim

1) state or declare (something) as a fact (without being able to prove it)声称，主张

e. g. A caller to the radio station claimed responsibility for the boming.

2) demand or request (something) because one has a right to it or it is one’s property要求

e.g. If you are still not satisfied, you may be able to claim compensation. Reclaim: recover possession of something 要求恢复，重新收回

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e. g. 1) Have you calculated how much tax you can reclaim?

2) A wallet has been found and can be reclaimed at the manager’s office.

exclaim: cry out suddenly and loudly from pain, anger, surprise,etc.呼喊，惊叫 e. g. 1) “Wow!” Bill exclaimed. “You look beautiful!”

2) He could not help exclaiming at how much his son had grown.

14. confess (para.17, L66)

-----to admit, especially to the police, that you have done something wrong or illegal 坦白,供认,承认

e.g. Edwards confessed to being a spy for the KGB. 爱德华兹承认曾经是一名克格勃间谍。

Occasionally people confess to crimes they haven't committed just to get attention.

有时人们为了引起他人的注意，而承认并没有犯过的罪。 confess (that)

e.g. He confessed himself (to be) unfaithful to his friends. 他承认自己对朋友不忠实。

to tell a priest or God about the wrong things you have done so that you can be forgiven

向...忏悔;(神父)听取...忏悔

e.g. The priest confessed the criminal. 神父听了罪犯的忏悔。 e.g. He knelt and confessed his sin . 他跪下来承认了自己的罪过。 →confession n.

15. take a bow (para.23, L90)

-----stand forward or stand up to receive recognition, applause, etc. 答谢，谢幕 e.g.

1） The music ended and the girl took a bow. 音乐结束后，女孩鞠躬致谢。

2） There was great applause when the actors took a bow. 当演员们鞠躬时，人们致以热烈的掌声。

16. angle for (para.24, L101)

-----to try to get something you want without asking directly for it 使用暗示手段以期获得某物 e.g.

1） I suspect that she’s been angling for promotion. 我猜想她一直在设法晋级。

2） He used to angle for prestige. 他过去一贯沽名钓誉。

17. restrained (para.25, L104)

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restrain v.

-----to stop someone from doing something, often by using physical force e.g.

1） We restrained the children from playing by the railroad. 我们阻止孩子们在铁路旁边玩耍。

2） The government has taken measures to restrain inflation. 政府已采取措施控制通货膨胀。

restrained adj. calm and controlled; not showing strong feelings 克制的，自制的

1） He was furious, but his manner was very restrained. 他很愤怒，但是举止很克制。

2） Her voice was not restrained, nor was she the least embarrassed. 她的嗓门很高，所以也是最尴尬的一个。

18. Useful Expressions

1） No one is completely immune. 没有人能完全超凡脱俗。

2） There are times when showing off may be forgivable and maybe even acceptable. 有的时候卖弄可以得到原谅甚至是可以接受的。

3） Deep concern for human suffering 对人类疾苦更深的关注

4） Sometimes showoffs ask for cheers to which they’re not entitled. 有时候卖弄者们祈求他们没有资格得到的喝彩。

5）To work one’s triumph into the conversation 把自己的成就纳入话题

6） I had an overwhelming need to exult. 我按捺不住地洋洋得意。

7）Modesty is the only sure bait when you angle for praise. 谦逊是博取赞誉唯

一可靠的手段。

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