Listen to this 2-听力讲稿

Listen To This 2

英语专业听力讲稿

海南大学三亚学院

外语分院

舒大钟

Listening To This 2

Lesson One Section One:

I. Vocabulary: Repeat each expression after you hear it. Compere: 主持人 Monitor: 监视器 Lane: 小路,小径 Billiant:

Baseball:棒球 Classics:大文豪,艺术家 Fabulous: (惊叹) marathon: 马拉松 Hang out: 徘徊,闲逛 salon: 沙龙

Task 1: This Is Your Life!

Choose the best answer (a, b or c) to complete each of the following statements. 1. \

a. the most popular programme on British and American television b. one of the most popular programmes on British and American radio c. one of the most popular programmes on British and American television 2. \ a. weekly b. monthly c. daily 3. The programme is recorded in _________. a. studio 4 b. studio 3 c. studio 2 4. The programme begins at _________. a. 6:45 b. 7:55 c. 8:00 5. The subject of tonight's show will be ___________. a. Terry Donovan b. Jason Douglas c. Pauline 6. Camera ________ will be at the studio entrance. a. four b. three c. two

2. True or False Questions.

(1) (T) The person invited to \

subject of the programme.

(2) The subject can meet only friends and relatives from his or her past at the studio. (3) Terry Donovan is the compère only for tonight's show. (4) (F)Jason Douglas will arrive at the studio at eight sharp.

(5) (F)Jason will be sitting in the middle for most of the show.

(6) (T)Usually the guests wait in Room 401 and Pauline tells them when they should enter.

3. Identification. Match each name in Column I with a description in Column II to identify the person.

Column I Column II (1)Jason Douglas a) Jason's English teacher

(2) Terry Donovan (b) the subject of tonight's programme (3) Pauline (c) an actress who worked with Jason in 1974 (4) Susan Fraser (d) the compère (5) Stanley Hooper (e) a director

(6) Maria Montrose (f) the person who waits with the guests in Room 401 (7) Charles Orson (g) Jason's sister

Answer: 1 —(b) 2—(d) 3—(f) 4—(g) 5—(a) 6—(c) 7—(e)

4. Complete the following résumé for Jason Douglas. Name: Jason Douglas Former name: (Graham Smith) Profession: (actor) Date of birth: (July 2, 1947) 1952: (started school)

1958: (moved to Lane End Secondary School) 1966: (went to the London School of Drama) 1969: (left the London School of Drama) 1973: (went to Hollywood)

1974: (were in a movie with Maria Montrose)

Task 2: What Are Your Ambitions?

A. Give brief answers to the following questions? 1. Where is the interviewer from? Answer: Radio Station QRX. 2. Why does he ask these questions?

Answer: For a survey

3. How many people have been interviewed? Answer: four.

4. How many questions does each interviewee answer? Answer: six.

5. What are the questions? Answer: 1) What‘s your name?

2) What do you do for a living? 3) What do you do for fun?

4) What‘s the most exciting thing that‘s happened to you recently? 5) Who do you admire most in this world?

6) What do you want to be doing five years from now?

B. Fill in the following chart with answers that each interviewee gives to the questions. Interviewee 1 Interviewee 2 Suzanne Brown Interviewee 3 Adolfo Vasquez dancer Interviewee 4 Linda Montgomery Student at school Hang out with Friends Question 1 David George Question 2 Professional baseball player lawyer Question 3 Read classics — Dickens, Shakespeare Question 4 Had his first baby Got to run in the Boston Marathon Question 5 His wife Question 6 Be a father of five Running—jogging Watch musical moview Moved to the US Went to a Bruce Spingsteen concert Her dad Has her own Beauty salon Martin Luther King Sophia Loren Win the Boston Marathon Do what he‘s Doing right now

In Your Own Words

A. Choose the best answer (a, b or c) for each of the following questions. (1) When does the programme \ a. 10:50. b. 10:15. c. 9:50.

(2) What is the programme about?

a. Patricia will tell stories about some unusual people. b. Some people are invited to tell their unusual stories. c. Anyone can be invited to talk about themselves in their own words. (3) What does Trevor Cartridge do? a. He is a dentist. b. He is a soldier. c. He is an announcer.

(4) Where does he work and live? a. In Paris. b. In Rome. c. In London. (5) What is Trevor's story mainly about? a. How he gave up smoking.

b. How he became interested in hypnotism.

c. His experience as a soldier in the army of Julius Caesar. (6) Where did Trevor live two thousand years ago according to his story? a. In Britain. b. In France. c. In Italy.

B. True or False Questions.

(1) (F)When Trevor decided to stop smoking, he gave it up at once.

(2) (T)Trevor became interested in hypnotism because a hypnotist helped him give up smoking. (3) (F)The hypnotist told Trevor that hypnotism could also help him remember his past life

and, of course, Trevor believed him immediately.

(4) (T)After being hypnotized, Trevor could only remember the night he landed in Britain as a

soldier of the Roman army.

C. Fill in the following chart with information about the journey the Roman army made according to Trevor. Designation: D Company

Number of men: (one hundred or more) Journey from (France) to (Britain) Means of transport: (boat) Weather conditions:; (stormy) Food: (cat food)

Drink: (rain water)

Condition of weapon after landing: (useless) Fighting: (none)

Equipment lost or damaged: (boat lost, guns full of water, supplies of wine lost) Soldiers killed or wounded: (about ten survivors, all others drowned or killed by cold)

D. Point out what is not true in Trevor’s story. Answer: The following did not exit in Roman times:

Petrol, newspaper, matches, trousers, tinned food, taps, guns, wine bottles, 50 BC could not appear on a coin, 50 – 55 BC is counting backwards.

E. Fill in the blanks according to what you hear on the tape.

1. It was a (terrible), ( stormy) night. There were a hundred (or more of us) in the boat. we

were all (shut in), because the weather was (so bad) and most people were (sick), because it was very (stuffy).

2. We thought we were going to die. In the end the boat was (pushed up onto the sands), and

we all (climbed out). I remember (jumping into the ) water, and (struggling to the) beach. The water was (up to my shoulder) and it was a (freezing) night.

3. Finally another boat (came and took us away), and we (joined) the other soldiers. I

remember (going into the camp), and getting (a hot meal), and (clean clothes). It was wonderful. We were (given our pay), too.

Section Three

Study Skills: How to Predict?

When you listen to a person speaking your own language, in many situations you can be one step ahead of the speaker. You can very often predict what that person is going to say next—perhaps not always the exact words, but at least the main ideas. Have you ever found yourself finishing other people's sentences for them? This is often something we do without even thinking about it.

The more you can predict, the easier it becomes to understand—in a foreign language too. In fact, you will probably be surprised at how much you can predict in English. Train yourself to predict as much as possible. Do this consciously.

There are many things which can help you to predict while you are listening, for example: (1) how much you know about:

the topic, the situation, the country in which the language is spoken (2) intonation, for example:

When presenting a list, rising intonation signals that more items will follow and a falling intonation signals the end of the list: \ (3) signals such as:

\make ...\

The phrases in group 3 are called semantic markers. They serve as signals for the meaning and structure of the lecture or text. They tell us how the ideas are organized. There are many other semantic markers in English, which are classified here according to their function. (1) The markers used for listing, such as:

firstly, in the first place, secondly, thirdly, my next point is, last/finally

(2) Markers that show us the cause and effect relationship between one idea and another: so, therefore, thus (we see), because, since

(3) Markers which indicate that the speaker or writer is going to illustrate his ideas by giving

examples: for instance, for example, let's take ..., an example/instance of this was ... (4) Markers that introduce an idea which runs against what has been said, or is going to be said: but, nevertheless, on the other hand, and yet, although

(5) Markers which indicate that the speaker or writer is about to sum up his message, or part of it: to summarize, in other words, what I have been saying is this, it amounts to this, if I can

just sum up

(6) Semantic markers used to express a time relationship:

then, next, after that, previously, while, when

(7) Markers used to indicate the relative importance of something: it is worth noting, I would like to direct your attention to

(8) Markers used to rephrase what has already been said, or to introduce a definition: in other words, let me put it this way, to put it another way, that is to say (9) Markers that express a condition: if, unless, assuming that

These are only a few examples of semantic markers. Train yourself to listen for these key words and phrases.

Exercises.

Task 1: Learning to Predict

Listen to the following sentences. When you hear \

what the speaker is going to say next. 1. Answer: trying to write a letter

Reason: The speaker‘s question suggests he needs a quiet surrounding to do something. 2. Answer: is the only single room available at the moment

Reason: The phrase ―I‘m afraid‖ often suggests a negative or unsatisfying answer. 3. Answer: Where on earth did you get it?

Reason: The second speaker‘s surprised tone shows that the money is out of her

expectation and she must be curious about how it is gained.

4. Answer: You mustn‘t discriminate against someone just because they are married.

Reason: The word ―but‖ suggests an opposite meaning. 5. Answer: I wouldn‘t mind being a prince.

Reason: The man‘s questioning tone shows he doesn‘t agree the woman. 6. Answer: I‘m not a workaholic.

Reason: The word ―but‖ suggests an opposite meaning. 7. Answer: he had been

Reason: ―But‖ and ―possibly‖ both give some hint.

Task 2: Dictation

The following paragraphs will be read to you slowly. Listen to it for three times, and while listening write as much and as closely to the original text as you can.

The Knowledge

Becoming a London taxi driver isn't easy. In order to obtain a licence to drive a taxi in London, candidates have to pass a detailed examination. They have to learn not only the streets, landmarks and hotels, but also the quickest way to get there. This is called 'The Knowledge' by London cab drivers and it can take years of study and practice to get 'The Knowledge'. Candidates are examined not only on the quickest routes but also on the quickest routes at different times of the day. People who want to pass the examination spend much of their free time driving or even cycling around London, studying maps and learning the huge street directory by heart.

The Underground

Travelling on the London underground (the 'tube') presents few difficulties for visitors because of the clear colour-coded maps. It is always useful to have plenty of spare change

with you because there are often long queues at the larger stations. If you have enough change you can buy your ticket from a machine. You will find signs which list the stations in alphabetical order, with the correct fares, near the machines. There are automatic barriers which are operated by the tickets. You should keep the ticket, because it is checked at the destination.

Lesson Two

Section One

Task 1: Film Editing A．True or False Questions.

(1) (T)According to the film editor, many people think that film editing is simply sticking pieces of film together.

(2) (F)According to the film editor, it takes an average of four to five weeks for him to edit a film. (3) (T)\ (4) (F)After the \

B. Fill in the following blanks to give a clear picture of what needs to be done before a film is ready for distribution. 1) The assistant:

(―Synching up‖) which means (matching sound and pictures according to the numbers stamped along the edge of the film and sound tape.)

(―Logging‖) which means (recording the detail of the film and the sound in a log book.) 2) The film editor:

(Make a first selection of the best takes)

(Prepare a ―rough cut‖) —(an initial version of the film) (Prepare the ―fine cut‖) — (the final form of the film) 3) Others:

(Approve the fine cut)

(―Dubbing‖) which means (voices, music, background noise and sometimes special effects are put together)

(The ―neg‖ cutters cut the original negatives on the film, so that these match the edited film exactly.

Task 2: A Vision of the Future

A. Choose the best answer (a, b or c) for each of the following questions. (1) What did the woman do last night? a. She watched TV. b. She went to a movie. c. She went to New York.

(2) Who is Charlton Heston? a. The man in the dialogue.

b. An actor performing in Soylent Green. c. A person in the story of Soylent Green. (3) What is the film about? a. Life in New York in 2022. b. Life in New York in 2020. c. Life in New York in 2002.

(4) How many people does New York have in the movie? a. Eight million. b. Fourteen million. c. Forty million. (5) Which of the following mentioned in the film is not a result of pollution? a. The soil produces nothing.

b. New York has ninety degree weather all year long. c. People ride bicycles instead of driving cars. (6) Which of the following is made out of ocean plants? a. Soylent red. b. Soylent yellow. c. Soylent green.

B. True or False Questions.

(1) (T)In the movie only rich people can have real food. (2) (F)Most people eat crackers.

(3) (T)Greenhouse effect is a result of pollution.

(4) (F)The woman believes that the film is a true prediction of the future, though the man disagrees with her.

C. Fill in the following blanks to give a clear picture of the problems New York faces in the movie.

1) Over population: New York has 40 million people. 2) Housing shortage: Most people have no apartment. Thousands sleep on the step of the building. People who do have a place to live have to crawl over sleeping people to get inside. 3) The soil is so polluted that nothing will grow. The air is so polluted that they never see the sun. 4) Most people have no real food. They eat something called soylent: soylent red, soylent yellow, and soylent green. The first two are made out of soybeans. The soylent green is made out of ocean plants. 5) New York has ninety degree weather all year long. 6) Fuel shortage: There is so little electricity that people have to ride bycicles to make it.

Section Two:

Task 1: American Indians

A. Answer the following questions briefly.

1) When did Christopher Columbus arrive in what he believed to be ―India‖? Answer: 1492

2) Why did he call the native Americans ―Indians‖/ Answer: He thought that he had arrived in India. 3) How did the Indians treat the early settlers? Answer: They were kind to them and wanted to help.

4) Why did the Europeans start to take the land from the Indians? Answer: (1) They wanted bigger farms and more land for themselves. (2) More immigrants came from Europe. 5) How did the Indians think of the land?

Answer: It was their mother. Everything came from and went back to their mother. And it

was for everybody.

6) How did the Indians react when the white began to take their land? Answer: They started fighting back. 7) What was the result?

Answer: By 1875 the Indians had lost the fight and had to live in ―reservations‖. 8) How are the Indians and the White Man portrayed in Hollywood films?

Answer: The Indians are bad and the White Man is good and brave in Hollywood films.

B. Choose the best answer (a, b or c) for each of the following questions.

(1) Which of the following word describes the relationship between the Indians and the early settlers? a. Friendly. b. Estranged. c. Hostile.

(2) Which of the following is not mentioned in the text? a. Peanuts. b. Corn. c. Potatoes. (3) Which of the following does not describe the land the Indians were left with? a. Too cold. b. Too hot. c. Too dry.

(4) Which of the following does not explain why the White Man took land from the \

a. It had important minerals in it. b. He wanted to make national parks there. c. He needed more land for new immigrants.

Task 2: New Australians

A. 1.Identification. Match a name in Column I with a place in Column II to find where the person is from.

Column I Column II (1) Margaret a. Greece (2) Mario b. Italy (3) Helena c. Spain (4) Juan d. Scotland

Answer: （1）—(d) (2)—(b) (3)—(a) (4)—(c)

B. Fill in the blanks to complete the information about the number connected with the following events.

Column I Column II (1) The population of Australia: a) (more than 15 million) (2) The number of Aborigines: b) (160,000) (3) Gold was discovered: c) (the year 1851) (4) People went to Australia from 1851 to 1861: d) (700,000)

C. True or False Questions.

(1) (F)Most of the settlers in Australia came from Britain until 1850.

(2) (T)Many of the immigrants to Australia from 1851 to 1861 were from China, because China is near to Australia.

(3) (F)The Italians dominate the sugar industry of Australia.

(4) (F)The Greeks are the fourth largest national group in Australia, after the British, the Scottish and the Italians.

(5) (T)The Greeks went to work in vineyards or coalmines or started cafes and bars and restaurants.

(6) (T)Many Greeks went to Australia after WWII because the conditions in Greece were bad, whereas Australia offered to pay the boat fare to Australia.

D. Fill in the blanks with events connected with the following time expressions. 1. Italians

the 1850s and 1860s: (Different states in Italy were fighting for independence and some Italians were to Australia for political reasons. Some others went there for gold.)

1891: (The first group of three hundred Italians went to work in the sugar-cane fields of northern Australia.)

the end of the nineteenth century: (Some good Italian fishermen went to western Australia.) 2. Greeks

1830: (The first Greeks went to work in vineyards in south-eastern Australia.) the 1860s: (There were about five hundred Greeks in Australia.)

1890: (There were Greek cafes and restaurants all over Sydney and out in the countryside.) after WWII: (Many Greeks arrived in Australia.)

Section Three

Task 1: Learning to Predict

Listen to the following sentences. When you hear \what the speaker is going to say next. 1) Answer: It‘s good exercise. Keeps you fit.

Reason: The word ―yeah‖ suggests that the boy will say something in agreement with the

woman‘s comment.

2) Answer: We turn the music up really loud and start dancing.

Reason: The phrase ―why not‖ suggests that the boys will simply dance in the street. 3) Answer: They can‘t do it like me yet.

Reason: The word ―but‖ suggests an opposite meaning. 4) Answer: It‘s a vey old book.

Reason: The word ―actually‖ also suggests an opposite meaning. 5) Answer: Write down your address and I‘ll get the boy to bring them round.

Reason: The conversation takes place in a store. If the store owner agrees to deliver the goods, the only thing he wants to know will be the address of the customer. 6) Answer: Tell us all about it over dinner.

Reason: The woman sounds very much interested in the man‘s experience. So she will

certainly ask the man to tell her something about it.

Task 2: Dictation

The following paragraphs will be read to you slowly. Listen to it for three times, and while listening write as much and as closely to the original text as you can.

The Foolish Frog

Once upon a time a big, fat frog lived in a tiny shallow pond. He knew every plant and stone in it, and he could swim across it easily. He was the biggest creature in the pond, so he was very important. When he croaked, the water snails listened politely. And the water beetles always swam behind him. He was very happy there.

One day, while he was catching flies, a pretty dragon fly passed by. 'You're a very fine frog,' she sang, 'but why don't you live in a bigger pond? Come to my pond. You'll find a lot of frogs there. You'll meet some fine fish, and you'll see the dangerous ducks. And you must see our lovely water lilies. Life in a large pond is wonderful!'

'Perhaps it is rather dull here,' thought the foolish frog. So he hopped after the dragon fly. But he didn't like the big, deep pond. It was full of strange plants. The water snails were rude to him, and he was afraid of the ducks. The fish didn't like him, and he was the smallest frog there. He was lonely and unhappy.

He sat on a water lily leaf and croaked sadly to himself, 'I don't like it here. I think I'll go home tomorrow.'

But a hungry heron flew down and swallowed him up for supper.

Lesson Three

Section One

Task 1: I Don't See It That Way A. Conversation One:

1. Choose the best answer (a, b or c) to complete each of the following statements. (1) The customer comes to the shop _____________. a. to repair his cassette player b. to have his cassette player repaired c. to complain about his cassette player

(2) The clerk refuses to repair the cassette player for free because ___________. a. the customer's warranty is expired b. the customer dropped it off a building and ruined it himself c. the customer bought the cassette player more than six months ago

2. Give brief answers to the following questions. (1) When did the customer buy the cassette player? Answer: six months ago

(2) What‘s wrong with the cassette player now?

Answer: It is defective and has ruined four of the customer‘s favorite cassettes. (3) How long is the cassette player guaranteed to free repairment? Answer: six months

(4) When did the warranty run out? Answer: ten days ago

3. Fill in the following blanks.

1) Customer: Well, but you (bend the rule) a little bit.

Clerk: …(make an exception for) you. Then we‘ll have to (make an exception for) everybody.

2) Pay for this is (adding insult to injury). I mean, surely you‘re going to (make good on) this cassette player.

3) Clerk: Well, sir, I‘m sorry, you should have (brought it in) earlier. Customer: But surely you won‘t (hold me to) ten days (on) this.

B. Conversation Two:

1. Choose the best answer (a, b or c) for each of the following questions. (1) When does the dialogue take place? a. A weekday afternoon. b. A weekday evening. c. A weekend evening.

(2) What is the agreement between husband and wife? a. They two will share the housework. b. The wife should remind the husband about his housework. c. The husband should clean the living room when it looks dirty.

2. True or False Questions.

(1) (F)The man hasn't vacuumed the living room or cleaned the bedroom because he is tired. (2) (T)Though the woman is tired too, she has already done her share of the housework. (3) (T)The wife hopes that the husband will do the housework voluntarily, but the husband's

eyes are not sensitive to dirt.

(4) (T)The husband does not think that cleanliness is very important.

C. Conversation Three:

1. Give brief answers to the following questions. (1) Is Bob married or singled? Answer: single

(2) How long has Bob worked for the company? Answer: five years

(3) What‘s his attitude towards work?

Answer: He has been loyal to the company and worked quite hard. (4) What‘s his purpose of speaking to Mr Weaver? Answer: asking for a raise

(5) What‘s Mr Weaver‘s comment on Bob‘s work?

Answer: Bob does his job adequately, but he doesn‘t do it well enough to deserve a raise. (6) What does Mr Weaver suggest that Bob should do?

Answer: Take more initiative and show more enthusiam for the job (7) What does Bob threaten to do if he can‘t get the raise? Answer: to quit his job

(8) What‘s Mr Weaver‘s answer?

Answer: That‘s a decision Bob will have to make for himself.

Task 2: Marriage Customs

A. Fill in the blanks to give a brief outline of the talk. Speaker: (Professor Robin Stuard)

Topic: (Marriage customs in different parts of the world) In the West marriage is a (ramantic business)

In India (arranged marriage) is very common. The young couple meet for the first time (on the day of the wedding).

In Japan (arranged marriages) still take place. But the young couple get a chance (to have a look at one another) and if one of them says ?Oh, no, I could never marry him or her‘, they (call the whole thing off). If they like one another, then (the wedding goes ahead). In parts of Africa polygamy is quite common. A man can have (several wives).

Conclusion: Professor Stuart believes that various forms of arranged marriage have (just as much chance of bringing happiness to the husband and wife as the western system of choosing marriage partners).

B. True or False Questions.

(1) (T)In the West people believe that marriage should be based on romantic love. (2) (F)In Japan marriage is often arranged by an intermediary, usually the girl's aunt. (3) (T)According to the professor, though polygamy sounds fine from the man's point of view, the man in fact takes on a great responsibility and economic burden.

Section Two

Task 1: At the Dentist's

A. Choose the best answer (a, b or c) for each of the following questions (1) Why does the dentist ask the man to open his mouth wide? a. To give him a general check up. b. To give him an injection. c. To pull out one of his teeth.

(2) Why doesn't the patient open his mouth? a. He hates to have injections. b. His tooth aches.

c. He hates the dentist.

(3) Why does the dentist want to give the patient an injection? a. To let him sleep so that he won't be so noisy. b. To rob him while he is asleep.

c. To reduce the pain while the tooth is being pulled out. (4) What does the dentist finally give the man? a. An injection. b. A pull out. c. Some painkillers.

B. True or False Questions.

(1) (F)The patient has come to see the dentist because his tooth has been aching for a week. (2) (T)The injection will only freeze the area around the tooth. rather than let the patient go to

sleep.

(3) (F)The patient doesn't want to watch in the mirror in front of him because he'll faint. (4) (F)According to the dentist, the patient will make up the blood that he will lose in a night. (5) (T)The dentist is angry with the patient because he is wasting her precious time. (6) (T)The patient will probably have his tooth pulled out next week.

Task 2: Hiccups

A. Give brief answers to the following questions: 1. Why does the man call Rosemary?

Answer: He wants her to help him stop his hiccups. 2. How long has he been hiccupping? Answer: three hours 3. What has he tried to do?

Answer: Everything he can think of. 4. What does Rosemary finally suggest?

Answer: She‘ll give the man five pounds if he hiccups again, and he gives her five pounds

if he can‘t.

5. What‘s the result?

Answer: The man has stopped hiccupping and owes Rosemary five pounds.

B. Identification. Match the suggestions Rosemary has made in Column I with the man's

reaction in Column II.

Column I Column II

(1) Hold the breath. (a) Never heard of that. (2) Drink from the other side of a glass (b) Hiccupped in the middle.

(3) Key down the back of his neck. (c) Won't be frightened when knowing it beforehand.

(4) Put a coin on the forehead. (d) Dropping water all over the carpet. (5) Have to be frightened. (e) That's for nose bleeding.

Answer: (1)—(b) (2)—(d) (3)—(e) (4)—(a) (5)—(c)

Section Three

Task 1: Learning to Predict

Listen to the following sentences. When you hear \what the speaker is going to say next. 1. Answer: the Chinese then?

Reason: ―What about‖ suggests an alternative 2. Answer: they‘ll still be hot when you get back

Reason: The woman‘s words suggest that the shop is very close to their home. 3. Answer: there‘s a queue

Reason: The phrase ―not if‖ suggests a condition that hinders the fulfilment of an action. 4. Answer: a good idea

Reason: The word ―yes‖ shows an agreement. 5. Answer: bing a machine for that money

Reason: ―I wouldn‘t mind‖ suggests that the man will do what the woman doesn‘t want because of certain atrractive conditions. 6. Answer: I want to play drums.

Reason: The earlier sentence suggests that the man does not play drum for money. Consequently the explanation must be that he enjoys playing it.

Task 2: Dictation

The following paragraph will be read to you slowly. Listen to it for three times, and while listening write as much and as closely to the original text as you can.

Sleep

It's clear that everyone needs to sleep. Most people rarely think about how and why they sleep, however. We know that if we sleep well, we feel rested. If we don't sleep enough, we often feel tired and irritable. It seems there are two purposes of sleep: physical rest and emotional or psychological rest. We need to rest our bodies and our minds. Both are important in order for us to be healthy. Each night we alternate between two kinds of sleep: active sleep and passive sleep. The passive sleep gives our body the rest that's needed and prepares us for active sleep, in which dreaming occurs.

Throughout the night, people alternate between passive and active sleep. The brain rests, then it becomes active, then dreaming occurs. The cycle is repeated: the brain rests, then it becomes active, then dreaming occurs. This cycle is repeated several times throughout the night. During eight hours of sleep, people dream for a total of one and half hours on the average.

Lesson Four

Section One

Task 1: Weather Forecast

A. Choose the best answer (a, b or c) to complete each of the following statements. (1) The weather reporter for today is ____________. a. Marsha b. Peter c. Margaret

(2) The weather report covers the weather activity of ____________. a. the United States b. Canada

c. the United States and Canada

B. Fill in the following chart British Columbia down to northern California Seattle Southern California San Diego Mildwest Oklahoma City Houston Miami New York City Montreal Toronto Weather Description Raining Sunny Clear but windy Sunny with strong winds Cloudy Cloudy, windy Heavy rains and high winds Snow flurries sunny Temperature 50 degrees Warmer temperature 78 degrees 65 degrees 69 degrees 64 degrees 35 degrees 28 degrees 30 degrees

Task 2: The 5 O’Clock News A. Fill in the following chart. Title News anchor Name Charles Mckay Summary of the Report Delta has been declared a health hazard. Consumer reporter Sarah Cooper a. Drinking beer moderately is good for hearth. b. The war against cigarette smoking is heating up. Sports snnouncer

B. Give brief answers to the following questions based on the news report. 1. What happended to Delta yesterday?

Answer: It was closed down by government authorities. 2. Why did that happen?

Answer: Testing confirmed that the town had been poisoned by the dumping of toxic

chemicals in town dumps.‘

3. When were suspicious first aroused? Answer: three weeks ago

4. How many people telephoned the hospital? Answer: two hundred 5. What did they complain of?

Answer: headaches, stomachaches, faintness and dizziness 6. What did the investigation reveal?

Answer: Toxic wastes had leaked into the ground and comtaminated the water supply. 7. What have government authorities ordered?

Answer: All the residents should leave the area, until the chemical company responsible for

the toxic waste can determine whether the town can be cleaned up and made safe again.

C. True or False Questions (based on the consumer report).

(1) (F)A recent study of 70,000 Canadians shows that drinking beer moderately is better than drinking no beer at all.

(2) (T)Researchers haven't yet discovered why drinking beer moderately is good for health. (3) (T)According to the study, drinking a little beer every day is better than drinking a lot at

one time.

(4) (F)Legislation was introduced today to make it illegal to produce cigarettes, cigars, or any

other tobacco products.

(5) (F)The legislation would also prevent tobacco manufacturers to sponsor any kind of public

events.

(6) (T)Cigarette manufacturers insist that the legislation would be useless, and this had

already been proved in parts of the country.

Jerry Ryan Results of some soccer games

D. Fill in the following blanks (based on the sports report)

Teams Playing Result

(1) Mexico — (France) (7 : 6) (2) (Canada) — Argentina (3 : 3) (3) (Italy) — Haiti (2 : 1)

(with 30 minutes left to go)

Section Two

Task 1: What Do You Like for Entertainment? A. Fill in the following blanks. Reporter: Deborah Tyler

Interviewee: Students of the (Brooklyn Acadamy of Dramatic Arts) Major: Benny Gross —(piano) Kimberley Martins —(modern dance)

B. Fill in the following chart about how often Benny and Kimberley go to the eight forms of artistic entainment. (1) Art gallery (2) Ballet (3) Classic concerts (4) Exhibition (5) Folk concert (6) Opera (7) Pop concert (8) Theatre

C. Re-arrange the forms of artistic entertainment that Benny and Kimberley like, beginning with the form that each one likes best. Benny: (3) —(1) — (4) — (6) — (2) — (8) Kimberley: (2) — (4) —(1) — (7) — (3) — (8)

Benny Lots of time A few times Many times Photographic ones Never Two or three times Never Once or twice Kimberley Lots of times Almost every night Sometimes Those about famous people Never Never Madonna once yes Task 2: Are You a Heavy Smoker? A. True or False Questions.

(1) (T) The conversation probably takes place at the cigarettes counter in a large supermarket. (2) (F) Mrs. Bradley has bought ten packets of cigarettes for herself.

(3) (T) The interviewer asks Mrs. Bradley questions for a survey on smokers' habits. (4) (T) Though Mrs. Bradley is in a hurry, she finally agrees to answer the questions. (5) (F) Mrs. Bradley says that she smokes because she wants to be relaxed. (6) (T) The interviewer himself is a smoker, too.

2. Choose the best answer (a, b or c) to complete each of the following statements. (1) A Silk Cut costs ____________. a. one pound forty-four b. twenty-six pence c. forty-eight pence (2) Mrs. Bradley gives the salesgirl ____________. a. four pounds b. five pounds c. six pounds

(3) Mrs. Bradley smokes___________ a week. a. three cigarettes b. twenty cigarettes c. sixty cigarettes (4) Mrs. Bradley will describe her husband as ___________. a. a chain smoker b. a heavy smoker c. a light smoker

(5) Mr. Bradley has never smoked _____________. a. a pipe b. a cigar c. a cigarette

(6) Mrs. Bradley has___________. a. no children b. a daughter c. a son

C. Fill in the following chart about Mrs Bradley’s smoking experience. Name: (Doris Bradley) Sex: (female) Age: (thirty-two)

Amount: (three packets of twenty a week) First experience: Time: (at the age of seventeen) Place: (at a party)

Offered by (boyfriend, not husband) Feeling: (awfully grown-up)

Later: started smoking (2 or 3) a day and gradually (increased). Experience of giving up smoking: twice 1. Time: (six months before getting married) Reason: (saving up)

Result: (only cut it down from 30 a day, still smoked a little) 2. Time: (when expecting a baby) Reason: (according to doctor‘s advice)

Result: (gave up completely for 7 or 8 months and took it up a couple of weeks after the baby was born, because the baby was being bottle-fed) Time when she smokes most:

1. (watching TV) 2. (reading books) 3. (in company) 4. (with friends)

Time when she never smokes:

1. (doing the house work) 2. (on an empty stomach)

Section Three

Task 1: Learning to Predict

Listen to the following sentences. When you hear \what the speaker is going to say next.

(1) Answer: (They‘d be exhausted at the end of each performance.) Reason: (―otherwise‖ suggests a result of the opposite condition) (2) Answer: (I enjoyed it every much.)

Reason: (―apart from that I msut say‖ often suggests an opposite statement to earlier

comments.)

(3) Answer: (I stayed up late to finish it.)

Reason: (―and‖ suggests that the speaker would finish the book at one sit.) (4) Answer: (the book never really got started at all)

Reason: (After an opinion of agreement, the phrase \

the expression \

confession—something which is probably not as good as the one mentioned.) (5) Answer: (I tend to skip parts that don‘t really hold my interest.) Reason: (―otherwise‖ suggests a result of the opposite condition.) (6) Answer: (it was rather long.)

Reason: (―I must admit‖ suggests an agreement to the other people‘s opinion.)

Task 2: Dictation

The following paragraph will be read to you slowly. Listen to it for three times, and while listening write as much and as closely to the original text as you can.

Books Belong to the Past

Sir,

I visited my old school yesterday. It hasn't changed in thirty years. The pupils were sitting in the same desks and reading the same books. When are schools going to move into the modern world? Books belong to the past. In our homes radio and television bring us knowledge of the world. We can see and hear the truth for ourselves. If we want entertainment most of us prefer a modern film to a classical novel. In the business world computers store information, so that we no longer need encyclopaedias and dictionaries. But in the schools teachers and pupils still use books. There should be a radio and television set in every classroom, and a library of tapes and records in every school. The children of today will rarely open a book when they leave school. The children of tomorrow won't need to read and write at all.

M.P. Miller

London

Lesson Five

Section One

Task 1: An Upleasant Trip

A. Give brief answers to the following questions.

(1) Where did Mr. and Mrs. Wilson go for their summer holiday? Answer: The Isle of Wright

(2) How did they feel about the tour? Answer: They were not pleased with their hotel.

(3) What did Mr. Wilson decide to do when they returned home? Answer: He decided to write to the Manager of Happytours. (4) What is Happytours? Answer: A travel agency

(5) What did Mr Wilson complain about in his letter? Answer: The hotel and travel arrangement (6) What will the wilsons do in the future?

Answer: They will never book any future holidays through Happytours.

B. Fill in the blanks with the words used in the brochure and by Mr Wilson to describe the hotel and travel arrangement. Hotel Service Food Atmosphere

Task 2: At the Travel Agency

A. Choose the best answer (a, b or c) to complete each of the following statements. (1) Miss Bush comes to the travel agency to _____________.

Brochure a magnificent view of the sea Courteous, old fashioned excellent Relaxed, friendly Mr Wilson Overlooking a car park The majority of the staff were foreigners and couldn‘t speak or understand English Strictly beefburgers and chips or fish and chips, wine at exorbitant prices Didn‘t get away till 6 pm Journey home 11:00 ferry Comfortable, mediumsized, with Half a mile from the sea, with our room a. ask for some information b. buy a ticket c. talk to a friend

(2) Miss Bush's main purpose of the trip is ____________. a. sightseeing in Australia and the Far East b. visiting a friend in Cairo c. attending a conference in Sydney (3) Miss Bush will probably buy ____________. a. an excursion fare b. a full return ticket c. a single ticket

(4) The full fare costs _____________. a. 1402 pounds b. 1204 pounds c. 2104 pounds

(5) Miss Bush's trip will probably be ____________. a. London—Sydney—Cairo b. London—Kuwait—Sydney c. London—Cairo—Sydney

(6) Miss Bush will probably come to the travel agency again _____________. a. the day after tomorrow b. next week c. in two weeks

B. True or False Questions.

(1)（T）Miss Bush's conference in Sydney will last for three weeks.

(2)（F） Miss Bush thinks that the full return fare is better than the excursion fare because she

can have a stopover.

(3)（T）Miss Bush wants to visit not only Australia but also the Far East this time. (4)（T）Though Miss Bush thinks that the full return ticket is quite expensive, she will accept

that because it is once in a lifetime.

(5)（F）Though Miss Bush is used to travelling by air, she's still frightened this time. (6)（T）A friend of Miss Bush's in Cairo is also going to attend the conference in Sydney.

C. Fill in the blanks with the two things that Miss Bush will do.

(1) Persuade her （her two friends）, who are also going to the conference, to （stop over with

her on the way back）..

(2) Persuade （Mr Adams to stop with her Cairo）

Section Two

Task 1: A Saturday Afternoon

A. Identification. Identify briefly the following characters in the story. Name Identification

Gillian (Dr Carmichael‘s new research assistant) Dr. Carmichael (the president of St Alfred‘s Hospital) Maurice Featherstone (the gardener of the hospital)

B. Choose the best answer (a, b or c) to complete each of the following statements. (1) St Alfred's Hospital is considered most exclusive because _____________. a. it accepts all people with mental illness b. it only accepts people with serious mental illness c. it only accepts extremely rich people with mental illness (2) Gillian parked her car _____________. a. outside the hospital gates

b. outside the main entrance of the hospital building c. in the park of the hospital

(3) Gillian came to the hospital to _____________. a. research on the problems of long-stay patients b. solve the problems of Maurice Featherstone c. be a doctor in the hospital

(4) After Maurice entered the hospital, _____________. a. he never went out b. he only went to the village on weekends c. he only went out to see flower shows

(5) Maurice had been the gardener of the hospital for ___________ years. a. forty-five b. thirty-five c. twenty

(6) Maurice returned to the hospital for his birthday party _____________. a. before 4 o'clock b. at 4 o'clock c. after 4 o'clock

C. True or False Questions.

(1)（F）The first time Gillian met Maurice, he was watering the flower beds near the gates of

the hospital.

(2)（F）If you want to see Mr. Carmichael in his office, you should go through the main door, turn

right, walk down to the end of the corridor. It's the last but one door on the right.

(3)（T）Dr. Carmichael knew that Gillian was coming.

(4)（F）Gillian interviewed the patients during the day and write up results in the evening. (5) （T）Dr. Carmichael never asked Gillian to interview Maurice, because Maurice was

already a normal person in his mind.

(6)（F）Maurice did not set fires in the hospital because he had never been given a chance. (7)（T）Gillian tried to persuade Maurice to leave the hospital, but Maurice was unwilling to do so. (8)（T）The end of the story suggests that it was Maurice who set the fire.

D. Fill in the blanks with information about Maurice. Name: (Maurice Featherstone ) Sex: （male） Age: ( old)

Appearance: (clear, blue, honest eyes; white hair and a pinkish complexion ) Temperament: (gentle and mild-mannered) Length of stay in the hospital: (thirty-five years ) Reasons for entering the hospital:

(1) When he was seventeen, (he burnt down his school).

(2) Over the next few years, (there were a number of mysterious fires in his neighbourhood). (3) Later (he tried to set fire to the family mansion). Visits from family members: (no) Bills: (paid on time)

E. Fill in the blanks.

(1) Gillian felt (slightly uneasy) as the porter (unlocked the gates) and (waved her through).

(2) Some of the patients were (withdrawn) and (depressed), some seemed almost (normal).

Only one or two had to be (kept loked up). She found it hard to believe that (all of them) had been thought (too dangerous to live in normal society).

(3) She arranged (with the staff) to give him a party. They wanted it to be (a surprise) and Dr.

Carmicheal agreed to (let him go out for the afternoon). There was a (flower show) in the village. Maurice seemed (quite excited). The cook had made (a birthday cake) and the staff had (decorated the lounge).

Section Three

Task 1: Learning to Predict

Listen to the following sentences. When you hear \what the speaker is going to say next.

Answer: (he fails to employ the correct question form)

Reason: (―Consequently‖ suggests a result of the facts mentioned earler. (2) Answer: (difficulties may still arise)

Reason: (―Even though‖ suggests that in spite of the following facts, something else still

exists.

(3) Answer: (the student may not have clearly heard what was said.)

Reason: (―In other words‖ is often followed by an explanation in clearer and easier words) (4) Answer: (may feel angry at receiving such orders) Reason: (―However‖ suggests an opposite fact.)

(5) Answer: (whether crops should be used to produce food or should be used to produce fuel) Reason: (―That is‖ is also followed by an explanation) (6) Answer: (a small industrial sector)

Reason: \

based on common knowledge.

Task 2: Dictation

The following paragraph will be read to you slowly. Listen to it for three times, and while listening write as much and as closely to the original text as you can.

The School Holidays Are Too Long

Today the children of this country have at last returned to work. After two months' holiday

pupils have started a new term. How many adults get such long holidays? Two to four weeks in the summer and public holidays—that's all the working man gets. As for the average woman, she's lucky to get a holiday at all. Children don't need such long holidays. In term-time they start work later and finish earlier than anyone else.

In the holidays most of them get bored, and some get into trouble. What a waste! If their overworked parents were given more free time instead, everyone would be happier. This isn't just a national problem either—it's worldwide. Dates may be different from country to country, but the pattern's the same. Why should children do half as much work and get twice as much holiday as their parents?

Lesson Six

Section One

Task 1: In the Path of the Earthquake A. True or False Questions.

(1)（F）On the day when the earthquake took place, Mr. Skinner got up at about a quarter to five because he wanted to milk the cows earlier that day.

(2)（T）When the earthquake came, Mrs. Skinner was in the kitchen preparing breakfast. (3) (F) Mrs. Skinner tried to run out of the kitchen and went into the rose garden, because it was safer there.

(4)（T）Jack Skinner was the husband's name.

(5)（F）Mr. Skinner was running after the cows, because he was frightened by the earthquake and didn't know what to do.

(6)（F）Everything on the Skinners' farm moved five metres to the south during the quake.

B. Map 1 is a layout of the Skinners’ farm. Mark out the plants and buildings in the map. Then in map 2 draw a new plan of the Skinners’ farm after the quake.

Map 1: (1) (farm house) (2) (garden path) (3) (cypress trees) (4) (rose garden) (5)(eucalyptus trees) (6)(raspberry patch) (7)(cow shed) (8) (granary) Map 2: 略

Task 2: A Funny Thing Happened to Me …

A. Choose the best answer (a, b or c) to complete each of the following statements. (1) The speaker went to London not to buy ___________. a. Christmas presents b. books

c. Christmas cards (2) The speaker wanted to catch the early afternoon train not because ______________. a. it was the only train back b. he didn't like the noise of London

c. he had made some arrangements for that evening (3) The train he wanted to catch was the train _________. a. 3:13

b. 3:30 c. 3:33

(4) While waiting for the train, he didn't buy __________. a. a newspaper b. a bar of chocolate c. a packet of chocolate biscuits

(5) The packet contained ________ biscuits. a. two b. three c. four (6) The packet of biscuits they ate actually belonged to ___________. a. the man b. the speaker c. somebody else

B. Give brief answers to the following questions. 1. When did the incident happen? Answer: last Friday

2. What did the speaker do at college? Answer: He was a student. 3. Where is Waterloo station? Answer: in London

4. How did the speaker go there? Answer: by taxi

5. Why didn‘t he catch the train?

Answer: The taxi got stuck in a traffic jam and the train had left by the time he got to station. 6. How long did he have to wait for the next train? Answer: one hour 7. Where did he wait? Answer: the station buffet 8. What newspaper did he buy?

Answer: an evening newspaper, the ―Standard‖ 9. Where did he sit?

Answer: At a table near the window.

10. What did he do?

Answer:He did the crossword puzzle.

C. True or False Questions.

(1)（F）The man sat opposite to the speaker because they were friends.

(2)（F）The man looked like a typical businessman and there was nothing special about him. (3)（T）When the man took a biscuit from the packet near the speaker, the speaker was shocked because he thought it was his packet.

(4)（T）Though the speaker was shocked, he didn't say anything but pretended to be interested in his puzzle.

(5)（F）When the speaker took his first biscuit from the packet, he found the man looking at him furiously.

(6)（T）The speaker's biscuits were actually under his news paper.

D. Fill in the blanks according to what you hear on the tape.

(1) Suddenly he (reached across) the table, (opened) my packet of biscuits, (took one), (dipped) it (into) his coffee and (popped it into) his mouth.

(2) I was ready to (get up and to) when the man suddenly (pushed back) his chair, (stood up) and hurried out of) the buffet.

Section Two

Task 1:Consolidation: A Very Beautiful Story

A. Listen to the first part of the policeman’s discussion and give brief answers to the following questions.

1. What are the two policemen discussing about? Answer: a tape from Gentleman Jim 2. When was it sent to the police? Answer: yesterday 3. Whom was it for? Answer: Jim‘s wife

4. What did the police suspect?

Answer: There was a message hidden in the tape. 5. Who had examined it?

Answer: half the police force in London and three experts

6. What was the result?

Answer: Nothing had been found yet. 7. What did Jim talk about? Answer: happy memories and things

8. Where was the message suspected to be existing? Answer: in his words

B. True or False Questions (based on Gentleman Jim's recording) .

(1)（F）Gentleman Jim wants his wife to play the tape over and over again because he sincerely hopes his wife can enjoy all the beautiful things of the past. (2)（T）Jim and his wife first met on a sunny day.

(3)（F）Jim has two sons and a daughter who are now all in prison.

(4)（F）As a small boy, Jim's son used to play with teddy bear and bricks on the bed. (5)（T）Jim wanted to marry his wife after their first dance.

(6)（T）Jim didn't buy the house next to his wife's mother because it was too small. (7)（F）Jim's friend Ginger had a very beautiful cat with a black ribbon tied around its neck. (8)（T）Jim sounds a very romantic person, but in fact he doesn't feel about things like that.

C. Discuss with your classmates what message is hidden in Gentleman Jim’s recording.

D. Listen to the second part of the policemen’s discussion and list all the things they feel unusual about Gentleman Jim’s recording.

1. (Jim keeps telling his wife to play the message over and over again) 2. (Jim tells his wife that she‘ll find somehthing comforting) 3. (Jim keeps saying ―very beautiful‖ over and over again) 4. (The speech doesn‘t sound natural)

E. Listen to Gentleman Jim’s recording again and work out the message. Answer: (There are two gold bricks in the garden under the big red rose tree.)

Section Three

Task 1: Learning to Predict

Listen to the following sentences. When you hear \what the speaker is going to say next.

Answer: (a glance at the heardings of sections or sub-sections will show the order in which the items are introduced)

Reason: （“In addition” is followed by a supplementary idea. Prediction here is also based on common knowledge.）

(2) Answer: （providing a summary which can be re-read later）

Reason: (―As well as‖ is often followed by an idea of the same importance as the one before

―as well as‖)

(3) Answer: (may not appear in a bibiography) Reason: (―However‖ suggests an opposite idea)

(4) Answer: (no more than try to cover the most important ones here) Reason: (―Therefore‖ suggests a result.) (5) Answer: (it doesn‘t)

Reason: (―Unfortunately‖ suggests that something opposite to one‘s expectation will happen) (6) Answer: (it‘s still important)

Reason: (\

Task 2: Dictation

The following paragraph will be read to you slowly. Listen to it for three times, and while listening write as much and as closely to the original text as you can.

Sign Language

Deaf people, people who can't hear, are still able to communicate quite well with a special language. It's called sign language. The speaker of sign language uses hand gestures in order to communicate. Basic sign language has been used for a long, long time, but sign language wasn't really developed until about 250 years ago. In the middle of the 1700s a Frenchman named Epee developed sign language. Epee was able to speak and hear, but he worked during most of his life as a teacher of deaf people in France. Epee developed a large number of vocabulary words for sign language. Epee taught these words to his deaf students. Epee's system used mostly picture image signs. We call them picture image signs because the signs create a picture. For example, the sign for sleep is to put both hands together, and then to place the hands flat against the right side of your face, and then to lower your head slightly to the right. This action was meant to show the position of sleep. So we call it a picture image sign.

Lessen Seven

Section One

Task 1: Learning a Foreign Language

A. Choose the best answer (a, b or c) to complete each of the following statements.

(1) Professor Ernest Watson was answering questions on __________ on the subject of learning a foreign language. a. the phone b. the radio c. TV.

(2) Mr. Humphries wanted to know ___________. a. how to study Spanish grammar b. how to enlarge his Spanish vocabulary

c. how to improve his speaking and listening in Spanish (3) Professor Watson compared learning a language to ____________. a. learning to drive b. driving a car c. watching TV.

(4) Professor Watson's advice was to ___________. a. practice more in using the language b. go to live in the country where the language is spoken c. watch more TV programmes

B. True or False Questions.

(1)（F）Mr. Humphries often went to Spain on holiday to practice his Spanish.

(2)（T）When Mr. Humphries went to Spain this summer, he got disheartened because he still

couldn't understand the Spanish people.

(3)（T）According to Professor Watson, Mr. Humphries could improve his oral Spanish by

practicing with another student.

(4)（F）According to Professor Watson, Mr. Humphries could improve his listening in Spanish

by speaking to Spanish speakers in London.

C. Give brief answers to the following questions 1. What is the listener‘s name?

Answer: Albert Humphries 2. Where does he live? Answer: Balham, London

3. How long has he been studying Spanish? Answer: four years

4. How has he been learning Spanish?

Answer: He has been going to an evening class and has watched quite a lot of the BBC television programmes.

5. Why hasn‘t he bought the BBC book? Answer: They use a different book in the class.

6. Why doesn‘t Mr Humphries want to practice oral Spanish with another student? Answer: They make the same mistakes as he does.

7. What does learning to speak mean, according to the professor?

Answer: It means being able to put together the right groups of words and to say them in a reasonably accurate way.

Task 2: In the Library

A. Choose the best answer (a, b or c) to complete each of the following statements. (1) One needs to __________ to join this library. a. write down one's name and address

b. show some kind of identification with one's name and address on it c. give one's address

(2) The woman wants to borrow some books because __________. a. she wants to read them and relax

b. she wants to take them away on holiday this weekend c. she enjoys reading and can't live without books

(3) The woman is finally able to join the library by showing ____________. a. her driving licence b. her bank book c. her passport (4) The woman can take out _________ books out at a time. a. four b. two c. six

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