TEM8英语专业8级+翻译辅导讲座

英语专业8级翻译辅导讲座

英语专业八级考试翻译辅导讲座材料

一、八级考试大纲对翻译测试的要求和规定

1、 测试目的：考察学生英汉两种语言的互译能力

2、 题型：本题为主观试题。分两部分：第一部分汉译英， 由300字左右

的汉语短文组成，其中有150字左右的文字或段落用横线标出或用黑体字打印，要求考生将此部分译成英语。第二部分英译汉。由300个单词左右的英语短文组成，其中150个左右单词文字或段落用横线标出或用黑体字打印，要求考生将此部分译成汉语。

3、 测试要求：汉译英要求考生运用汉译英理论与技巧，以每小时译约250

－300汉字的速度将要求译出的部分译完，约150字左右。译文要求忠实原文，语言表达通顺流畅。英译汉要求考生运用英译汉理论与技巧，以每小时译约250英语单词的速度将要求译出的部分译完，约150单词左右。译文要求忠实原文，语言表达通顺流畅。

4、 考试时间：60分钟，两部分的写作时间可互相调剂使用。

二、考试项目、时间、题数及分数

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英语专业8级翻译辅导讲座

三、翻译原文的主要文体及话题

主要问题为散文、议论文和政论文。 汉语散文的特点是形散神不散。所以在翻译成英文时，要适当增加英语连词、副词等以使语句连贯，意义完整。

议论文既有描述，又有议论，夹叙夹议。注意时态变化和习惯用法。

政论文往往语句较长，且不时地用被动语态。所以在翻译时，语句结构要作调整，语态要作变化。

话题涉及社会热点，人生感悟，教育批评，读书学习等。

四、翻译中的关键问题 一）理解问题：

1. 词汇量问题：生词；熟词的多义性；粗心大意弄错词

a. I grudge every marriage in that it means a fresh supply of orange blossom, the promise of so much golden fruit cut short. * 我 （妒忌）每场婚礼，因为它意味着要供应桔子花，这么多金色的水果的希望就砍断了。

b. It was tempting to say that Sept 11 changed all that, just as it is tempting to say that every hero needs a villain, and goodness needs evil as its grinding stone. But try to look a widow in the eye and talking about all the good that has come of this.

* 令人引诱的说出9.11事件改变了这一切，正如（ ）英雄需要恶棍来陪衬，善良需要邪恶来作为磨刀石。但是尽力看看窗户外面，再谈从中而来的好处。

1) 生词解决办法：

a. 扩充词汇量， 按大纲8级要掌握英语词汇13000－15000。 b. 大胆猜测不认识的生词---根据上下文, 构词法等

At first I attributed this new habit to advancing age---I had recently turned 40---and glumly concluded that I was becoming morbid. But why, then, was I finding my secret rite so uplifting? 起初，我将这个习惯归咎于年岁渐增的缘故（当时我刚40岁），所以我悲哀地认为这是一种病态心理。可是究竟为什么我竟对这个秘密仪式如此兴味盎然呢？

2) 熟词多义性确定词义的办法： a. 根据不同搭配 b. 根据上下文 c. 根据逻辑意义

① A winner can be spontaneous. He does not have to respond in predetermined, rigid ways. He can change his plans when the situation calls for it.

* 一个成功者可以是自发的/ 天生的。 （能够顺势而发。）他不以事先设定的呆板的方式应对事情。他能根据形势需要改变计划。

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英语专业8级翻译辅导讲座

② I believe the eight dead journalists are policy. * 我相信那八个死去的记者是政策。（八个记者的死亡是有计划的谋杀。）

2. 语法问题：理不出主谓宾；弄不清词之间修饰和限定的关系 （见下例）

3. 复杂句子结构问题：

1）找不出主干 2）理不出分支 3）弄不清层次

4）理不清关系（或逻辑）

a. It is odd to watch with what feverish ardor the Americans pursue

prosperity and how they are ever tormented by the shadowy suspicion that they may not have chosen the shortest route to get it.

* 很奇怪地看到美国人多么热情地追求财富，多么受到阴影怀疑的折

磨，他们可能没有选择最短的道路获得财富。

主干：to watch …is odd.

第一层分支：watch后的宾语从句：

① what feverish ardor the Americans…(感叹句)

② and how they are ever tormented…to get it. （感叹句）

第二层分支：suspicion 后带定语从句 that they may not have chosen

the shortest route to get it.

4．文化知识问题：对词或词组望文生义，不知其所蕴涵的文化意义。 a. In certain remote corners of Old World you may sometimes stumble upon little places which seem to have been forgotten among the general tumult and which have stayed still while all around them moves. * 在古老的世界的某些遥远的角落，有时你会碰见一些看起来在普遍喧

闹中被遗忘的小地方，周围都在运动，他们却静止着。

b. Martin Buber expresses this idea as he retells an old story of a rabbi who on his deathbed sees himself as loser. The rabbi laments that, in the world to come, he will not be asked why he wasn’t Moses; he will be asked why he wasn’t himself.

* 马丁.布伯当他重述一个犹太大博士（兔子）在死的时候认为自己是一个失败者的故事表明了这个观点。这个大博士哀悼道，在要到来的世界里，他将不会被人们为什么他不是摩斯（莫尔斯），而会被问为什么他不是他自己。

二）表达问题

1. 用词不当，因词害义

2．句式不符合译入语的表达习惯

a. In certain remote corners of Old World you may sometimes stumble upon little places which seem to have been forgotten among the general tumult and which have stayed still while all around them moves.

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英语专业8级翻译辅导讲座

* 在古老的世界的某些遥远的角落，有时你会碰见一些看起来在普遍喧闹中被遗忘的小地方，周围都在运动，他们却静止着。

b. A winner is not afraid to do his thinking and to use his own knowledge. * 一个成功者不害怕独立思考和用他自己的知识。

c. 这王冕天生聪明，年纪不满二十岁，就把那天文、地理、经史上的大学问无一不精通。

* This Wang Mian was born with genius. He was less than 20 years old and no one he did not know to the great learning in astronomy, geography, the economy and history. Cf. Wang Mian had genius/ was born with genius. While still in his teens, he mastered the whole field of astronomy, geography, the classics and history.

五、翻译实例分析

一）英译汉

1. 英语长句的翻译 要点：

理解：捋出主干，梳理分支；分清层次，理清关系；把握篇章，弄清含义。 表达：长句分译，转换调整；条件因果，先分后总；选词造句；注意逻辑；

词句表达，习惯第一。

A. 实例分析

1） Sept.11 delivered both a shock and a surprise--- the attack, and our response to it--- and we can argue forever over which mattered more.

“9．11” 事件既令人感到震惊，也令人感到意外。震惊的是攻击事件本身，意外的是我们对事件的反应。至于说这两者哪个更重要，人们也许会永远争论下去。

2）The study, published in the current issue of the Journal of Experiment Education, found significant increases in ninth-grade math test score among the students who had spent early grades in smaller classes, with the gains even more pronounced among minority students. (40words)

发表在最近一期《实验教育杂志》上的一项研究表明，那些在低年级以小班上课的学生在九年级数学测试的成绩有明显的提高，尤其是少数族裔的学生的提高更为明显。

3）Lulled by the gentle motion and soothed by the rippling music of the waves the babies soon fell asleep.

船儿轻轻摇荡，波声潺潺悦耳，小孩们很快就进入梦乡。

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英语专业8级翻译辅导讲座

? 翻译方法： 1） 顺序法

Human beings have distinguished themselves from other animals, and in doing so ensured their survival, by the ability to observe and understand their environment and then either to adapt to that environment or to control and adapt it to their own needs.

人类把自己和其它动物区别开来。与此同时，人类还具有观察和了解周围环境的能力。他们要么适应环境，要么控制环境，或根据自身的需要改造环境。人类就这样一代代生存下来。

2） 逆序法

And I take heart from the fact that the enemy, which boasts that it can occupy the strategic point in a couple of hours, has not yet been able to take even the outlying regions, because of the stiff resistance that gets in the way.

由于收到顽强地抵抗，吹嘘能在几小时内就占领战略要地的敌人甚至还没能占领外围地带，这一事实使我增强了信心。

3） 分译法

The president said at a press conference dominated by questions on yesterday’s election results that he could not explain why the Republicans had suffered such a widespread defeat, which in the end would deprive the Republican Party of long-held superiority in the House.

在关于昨天选举结果地新闻发布会上，总统说他解释不了为什么共和党如此大的惨败。 这种情况最终会使共和党失去在众议院中长期享有的优势。

4） 综合法

But without Adolf Hitler who was possessed of demonic personality, a granite will, uncanny instincts, a cold ruthlessness, a remarkable intellect, a soaring imagination and—until toward the end, when drunk with power and success, he over reached himself—an amazing capacity to size up people and situations there almost certainly would never have been a Third Reich.

然而，如果没有阿道夫.希特勒， 那就几乎可以肯定不会有第三帝国。 因为希特勒有着恶魔般的性格、花岗石般的意志、不可思议的本能，无情的冷酷、杰出的智力、深远的想像力以及对人和局势惊人的判断力。最后由于权力和胜利冲昏了头脑而自不量力，所以终遭惨败。

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