博士研究生英语综合教程答案及参考译文

博士研究生英语综合教程答案及参考译文

KEY TO THE EXERCISES

Unit One Science

Text 1 Can We Really Understand Matter?

I. Vocabulary

1. A

2. B

3. A

4. C

5. D

6. B

7. B

8. C

II. Definition

1. A priority

2. Momentum

3. An implication

4. Polarization

5. the distance that light travels in a year, about 5.88 trillion miles or 9.46 trillion km.

6. a contradictory or absurd statement that expresses a possible truth

7. a device that speeds up charged elementary particles or ions to high energies

III. Mosaic

1. The stress: (Omitted)

Pronunciation rule: An English word ended with–tion or –sion has its stress on the last syllable but one.

2. molecule

3. A

4. B

5. C

6. B

7. A

8. A

IV. Translation

A.(Refer to the relevant part of the Chinese translation)

B.In September 1995, anti-hydrogen atom—an anti-matter atom—was successfully developed in European

Particle Physics Laboratory in Switzerland. After the startling news spread out, scientists in the West who were indulged in the research of anti-matter were greatly excited. While they were attempting to produce and store anti-matter as the energy for spacecraft, they raised a new question: Many of the mysterious nuclear explosions in the recent one hundred years are connected with anti-matter. That is to say, these hard-to-explain explosions are tricks played by anti-matter. They are the ―destruction‖ phenomenon caused by the impact between matter and anti-matter.

V. Grouping

A.Uncertainty:

what if, illusory, indescribable, puzzle, speculation, seemingly, in some mysterious way

B.Contrast:

more daunting, the hardest of hard sciences, do little to discourage, from afar, close scrutiny, work amazingly well

C. Applications of Quantum mechanics:

the momentum of a charging elephant, building improved gyroscopes

1. probabilities

2. illusory

3. discourage

4. scrutiny

VI. Topics for Discussion and Writing

(Omitted)

WRITING?STRATEGY?DEFINITION

I. Complete the following definitions with the help of dictionaries.

1. To bribe means to influence the behavior or judgment of others (usually in positions of power) unfairly or

illegally by offering them favors or gifts.

2. Gravity is defined as the natural force by which objects are attracted to each other, especially that by which

a large mass pulls a smaller one to it.

3. The millennium bug refers to the computer glitch that arises from an inability of the software to deal

correctly with dates of January 2000 or later.

4. Globalization is understood as the development so as to make possible international influence or operation. II. Write a one-paragraph definition of the following words.

1. hypothesis

A hypothesis is an idea which is suggested as a possible way of explaining facts, proving an argument,

etc. Through experiments, the hypothesis is either accepted as true (possibly with improvements) or cast off.

2. science

Science is defined as the intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment.

3. superstition

Superstition refers to a belief which is not based on reason or fact but on old ideas about luck, magic, etc. For example, it is a common superstition that black cats are unlucky.

4. pessimism

Pessimism is a tendency to give more attention to the bad side of a situation or to expect the worst possible result. A person with pessimism is a pessimist who thinks that whatever happens is bad.

5. inpidualism

Inpidualism is the idea that the rights and freedom of the inpidual are the most important rights in

a society. It has a bad sense in that little attention is paid to the rights of the collective or a good one in

that independence is emphasized rather than dependence on others.

Text 2 Physics Awaits New Options as Standard Model Idles

I. Vocabulary

1. C

2. A

3. B

4. A

5. C

6. D

7. D

8. B

II. Definition

1. A refrain

2. A spark

3. A jingle

4. Symmetry

5. develops or studies theories or ideas about a particular subject.

6. studies the origin and nature of the universe.

7. studies the stars and planets using scientific equipment including telescopes.

III. Mosaic

1. gravity

2. anti-/opposite

3. D

4. B

5. A

6. A

7. B

8.A

IV. Translation

A.(Refer to the relevant part of the Chinese translation)

B. The Standard Model of particle physics is an unfinished poem. Most of the pieces are there, and even

unfinished, it is arguably the most brilliant opus in the literature of physics. With great precision, it describes all known matter – all the subatomic particles such as quarks and leptons – as well as the forces by which those particles interact with one another. These forces are electromagnetism, which describes how charged objects feel each other‘s influence: the weak force, which explains how particles can change their identities, and the strong force, which describes how quarks stick together to form protons and other composite particles. But as lovely as the Standard Model‘s description is, it is in pieces, and some of those pieces – those that describe gravity – are missing. It is a few shards of beauty that hint at something greater, like a few lines of Sappho on a fragment of papyrus.

V. Grouping

A.Particle physics:

supersymmetry, equation, superpartners, string

B.Strangeness:

bizarre, beyond the ken of

C.Antonyms:

gravity–antigravity

1. novelty

2. revelatory

3. Symmetry

4. gravity

VII. Topics for Discussion and Writing

(Omitted)

WRITING ? STRATEGY? EXEMPLIFICATION AN D ILLUSTRATION (Omitted)

Text 3 Supporting Science

I. Vocabulary

1. D

2. C

3. A

4. C

5. C

6. A

7. B

8. A

9. C 10. D 11. B 12. A

II. Definition

1. A portfolio

2. A vista

3. Cryptography

4. Paleontology

5. a business or an undertaking that has recently begun operation

6. a group of people having common interests

7. a person with senior managerial responsibility in a business organization

III. Rhetoric

1. pouring money into

2. column

3. unbridled

4. twilight

5. blossomed into

IV. Mosaic

1. phenomenon criterion datum medium

(because these words originated from Latin and retain their Latin plural form)

2. A

3. A

4. B

5. B

6. B

7. C

8. B

V. Translation

A.(Refer to the relevant part of the Chinese translation)

B. The five scientists who won the 1996 Nobel Prize point out that the present prosperity and

development are based on the fruits of basic scientific research and the negligence of basic scientific research will threaten human development of the 21st century.

EU countries noticed that one of their weaknesses is ―insufficient investment in research and development.‖ Korea and Singapore do not hesitate to pour money into res earch and development. The developed countries in the West have used most of the scientific and technological development resources for the research and development of new and high technology. This has become an obvious trend at present. It is evident from the experiences of various countries that new and high technology can create and form new industries, open up and set up new markets. The innovation of traditional industries with new and high technology is a key method to strengthen the competitive competency of an enterprise.

VI. Grouping:

A.Negligence of basic research:

corporate breakups, cut back on research, ignore it, subject to a protracted dissection and review, second-guessing, dropped dramatically, subjected to a scrutiny, skirking our support

B.Significant examples of basic research:

computing, biotechnology, the Internet, number theory, complex analysis, coding theory, cryptography, dinosaur paleontology, genetics research)

C.Ways to intensify arguments:

moved support for science from a ―want to have‖ squarely into the ―need to have‖ column

1. resounding

2. second-guessing

3. downsized

4. subjected

VII. Topics for Discussion and Writing

(Omitted)

WRITING ? STRATEGY ? COMPARISON, CONTRAST, AND ANALOGY

(Omitted)

Text 4 Why Must Scientists Become More Ethically Sensitive Than They Used to Be?

I. Vocabulary

1. B

2. B

3. A

4. C

5. B

6. D

7. D

8. A

9. D 10. B 11. B 12. D

II. Definition

1. A constraint

2. Algorithm

3. A prerequisite

4. Ethics

5. an important topic or problem for debate or discussion

6. a person‘s principles or standards of behaviour; one‘s judgement of what is important in life.

7. a formal plan put forward for consideration to carry out a project

III. Rhetoric

1. brushed under the carpet

2. smell

3. hands and brains

4. battle front

5. module . . . module

IV. Mosaic

1. /z/ /s/ /s/ /z/ /s/

/s/ /iz/ /z/ /s/ /z/

/iz/ /z/ /s/ /z/ /z/

/z/ /s/ /s/ /z/ /z/

/s/ after voiceless consonants

/z/ after voiced consonants

/iz/ after a word ended with –es

2. B

3. D

4. A

5. D

6. A

7. C

V. Translation

A.(Refer to the relevant part of the Chinese translation)

B. Scientists and medical ethicists advocate the prohibition of human cloning as a way to produce life. They

all agree that human cloning exerts severe threats on human dignity. Social critics point out that cloned children will lack personality and noumenon. G. Annas, professor of health laws in Boston university, points out that ―human cloning should be banned because it may fundamentally alter the definition of

our selves.‖

VI. Grouping:

A.The change of attitudes towards ethical consideration:

occupy media slots and Sunday supplements, latest battle front, can no longer be swept aside, more sensitive

B.Academic science:

a worldwide institutional web, peer review, respect for priority of discovery, comprehensive citation of the

literature, meritocratic preferment, smuggle ethical considerations from private life, from politics, from religion, from sheer humanitarian sympathy

C.Industrial science:

intimately involved in the business of daily life

D.Post-academic science:

a succession of ―projects‖, compound moral risks with financial risks, largely the work of teams of

scientists

1. inpidualistic

2. energized

3. comprehensive

4. heterogeneous

VII. Topics for Discussion and Writing

(Omitted)

WRITING ? STRATEGY ? CAUSE AND EFFECT

(Omitted)

Text 5 Beauty, Charm, and Strangeness: Science as Metaphor

I. Vocabulary

1. B

2. A

3. C

4. B

5. C

6. B

7. A

8. B

9. A 10. C

II. Rhetoric

1. pitch

2. landscape

3. unblinking

4. yawn

5. wrings

III. Mosaic

1.physical poetic political scientific optical atomic

2. (Omitted)

3. B

4. B

5. A

6. C

7. D

IV. Translation

A.(Refer to the relevant part of the Chinese translation)

B. There are only two forms of human spiritual creation: science and poetry. The former gives us

convenience; and the latter gives us comfort. In more common words, the former enables us to have food to eat when we are hungry; and the latter makes us aware that eating is something more than eating, and it is

very interesting as well. To have science without poetry, atomic bomb will be detonated; to have poetry without science, poets will starve to death.

Scientists should not despise poets; and poets should not remain isolated from scientists. If the two fields conflict each other, human beings would be on the way to doom. In fact, the greatest scientists like Newton, Einstein and Mrs. Currie were all endowed with poetic spirit. I assert that in observing the apple falling to the ground, Newton not only discovered the gravity of the earth, he also wrote a beautiful poem. V. Grouping

A.Human reason:

guilty of hubris, cramped imagination, commonsense logic, an ignorant man

B.Differences between art and science:

different in their methods and in their ends, a scientific hypothesis can be proven, new combinations of old materials, transform the ordinary into extraordinary, a practical extension into technology, the sense of an ending

C.Similarities between art and science:

in their origin, quest to reveal the world

1. indistinguishable

2. transform

3. poetic

4. extension

5. subdue

VI. Topics for Discussion and Writing

(Omitted)

WRITING ? STRATEGY ? DIVISION AND CLASSIFICATION

I. Organize the following words into groups.

People: physician; driver; boxer; mother; teacher

Schools: school; college; institute; kindergarten; university

Colors: brown; purple; violet; black; yellow

Prepositions: along; toward; upon; without; into

Verbs:listen; read; write; hear; look

II. Complete the following lists.

1. College students can be classified according to:

A.academic achievement

B.attitude toward politics, friendship, etc.

C.sex

D.height

E.place of origin

F.value of life

G.major

2. Transportation means can be classified according to:

A.speed

B.size

db8f30500066f5335a8121d2e

D.fuel

db8f30500066f5335a8121d2fort

F.history

G.water, land, or air

III. Write a paragraph of classification on the books which you like to read.

(Omitted)

Text 6 Is Science Evil?

I. Vocabulary

1. C

2. A

3. D

4. B

5. B

6.A

7. C

8. C

9. D 10. A

II. Definition

1. Canon

2. Validity

3. A premise

4. Disillusionment

5. the process of establishing the truth, accuracy, or correctness of something

6. a mode of thinking based on guessing rather than on knowledge

III. Mosaic

1. 1) / / illusion dis-=not -ment=noun ending

2) / / science pseudo-=false

3) / / conscious -ness=noun ending

4) / / question -able=adjective ending

5) / / extenuate -ation=noun ending

6) / / indict -ment=noun ending

7) / / rebut -al=noun ending

8) / / perpetrate -ion=noun ending

9) / / problem -ic=adjective ending

10) / / dissolute -ion=noun ending

2. Para. 13: Only when scientific criticism is crippled by making particulars absolute can a closed view of the

world pretend to scientific validity – and then it is a false validity.

Para.14: Out of dissatisfaction with all the separate bits of knowledge is born the desire to unite all knowledge.

Para. 15: Only superficially do the modern and the ancient atomic theories seem to fit into the same theoretical mold.

1) Para. 13: Only + adverbial clause of time + inverted order

Para. 14: Prepositional phrase + inverted order

Para. 15: Only + adverb + inverted order

2) Inverted order is used to emphasize.

3. C

4. B

5. A

6. C

IV. Translation

A.(Refer to the relevant part of the Chinese translation)

B. At present there exist two conflicting tendencies towards the development of science and technology. The

opponents of science hold that the development of modern science has not brought blessings to human beings, instead it has brought human beings to the very edge of disaster and peril. On the other hand, the proponents of scientific and technological progress maintains that the crises facing human beings today—such as environmental pollution, ecological unbalance, natural resource exhaustion—are the natural consequences of the development of science, and the solution to which lies in the further development of science. Both of the above tendencies are reasonable in a sense with their respective one-sided view. If we view the development of modern science and technology from the point of view of our times and with dialectic viewpoints, we can find out that the problem facing modern science and technology is not how to understand the progress of modern science and technology, but how to find out the theoretical basis for the further development of science and technology in order to meet the needs of the times.

V. Grouping

A.Attitudes toward science:

expect to be helped by science and only by science, the superstition of science, the hatred of science, the one great landmark on the road to truth

B.Characteristics of science:

powerful authority, solve all problems, thoroughly universal

C.Scientific knowledge:

a concrete totality, cannot supply us with the aims of life, cannot lead us

D.Contrast between ancient and modern science:

progress into the infinite, making particulars absolute, not as an end in itself but as a tool of inquiry

1. corruption

2. totality

3. inquiry

4. superstition

5. landmark

VI. Topics for Discussion and Writing

(Omitted)

WRITING ? STRATEGY ? GENERALIZATION AND SPECIFICATION

WRITING ? STRATEGY ? COMBINATION OF WRITING STRATEGIES

(Omitted)

Unit Two Engineering

Text 7 Engineers’ Dream of Prac tical Star Flight

I. Vocabulary

1. D

2. C

3. B

4. D

5. A

6. C

7.C

II. Definition

1. Annihilation

2. A skeptic

3. A cosmic ray

4. Anti-matter

5. A workshop

6. the curved path in space that is followed by an object going around another larger object

7. any one of the systems of millions or billions of stars, together with gas and dust, held together by

gravitational attraction

III. Mosaic

1. 闭音节, 字母u 发/ / 的音，如A, C and D.

2. (Omitted)

3. (Omitted)

4. C

5. C

6. B

7. A

8. B

IV. Translation

A.(Refer to the relevant part of the Chinese translation)

B. Human beings have long been attempting sending unmanned devices, called interstellar probes, into the

outer space to understand the changes of climates, geological structures and the living beings on the stars and planets out there. A probe is usually sent into the orbit of the earth by ―riding‖ a spacecraft or carrier rockets. After its orbital adjustments are made, the rocket engine is ignited and the probe continues its journey to the orbit of the other star or planet. With the rocket engine broken off, the probe immediately spreads its solar-cell sails and antenna, controlling its posture with sensors. When convinced that it is in the orbit of the targeted star, the probe starts its propeller and flies to the preset destination.

V. Grouping

A.Astronomical phenomena:

interstellar medium, a wind of particles, galaxy, reserves of comets, the Kuiper Belt,

orbit, Pluto, the Oort Cloud, the bombardment photon

B.Space equipment:

interstellar probe, gravitational lens, chemical rocket, thruster, reflective sail

C.To explore the universe:

scoop, bend, sample

D.Challenges and solutions in interstellar flights:

carry its own supply of propellant, matter-antimatter, nuclear power

1. gravitational

2. propulsion

3. probed

4. interstellar

VI. Topics for Discussion and Writing

(Omitted)

WRITING ? RHETORIC ? SIMILE AND METAPHOR

I. Complete the following similes with the words given, using one word once only.

1. as drunk as a ___ bear 11. as cool as ___ cucumber______

2. as faithful as a ___ dog_____ 12. as white as ____ snow ________

3. as greedy as ____Jew_____ 13. as cunning as a ____ fox__________

4. as rich as _____ king_____ 14. to fight like a ____ _lion_________

5. as naked as a ___ frog_____ 15. to act like a stupid __ ass_________

6. as red as a _ _lobster_ 16. to spend money like __ water_______

7. as beautiful as a _ butterfly__ 17. to eat like a _ wolf________

8. as busy as a ____ bee______ 18. to sleep like a _____ log ______

9. as firm as a ____ rock _____ 19. to swim like a ____ fish________

10. as rigid as a ___stone____ 20. to tremble like a _____ _ leaf_________

II. Explain the following metaphors.

1. Creaking doors hang the longest.

creaking door: anything or anybody in a bad condition

2. I could hardly put up with his acid comment.

acid comment: bitter remark.

3. Her eyes were blazing as she stormed at me.

blazing: filled with anger

stormed: shouted; screamed

4. She burnt with love, as straw with fire flames.

burnt with love: extremely excited with love

5. The talk about raising taxes was a red flag to many voters.

a red flag: a danger signal (that might stop the support of many voters)

6. The charcoal fire glowed and dimmed rhythmically to the strokes of bellows.

glowed and dimmed: became bright and gloomy

7. The city is a jungle where nobody is safe after the dark.

a jungle: a disorderly place

8. To me he is power—he is the primitive, the wild wolf, the striking rattlesnake, the stinging centipede.

the primitive, the wild wolf, the striking rattlesnake, and the stinging centipede: the most terrifying creature

Text 8 Blinded By The Light

I. Vocabulary

1. A

2. C

3. A

4. C

5. D

6. A

7. B

II. Rhetoric

1. riveted

2. pack

3. pours

4. creeps

III. Mosaic

1. 开音节发字母读音, 如A, B and C.

2. (Omitted)

3. (Omitted)

4. C

5. D

6. D

7. C

8. A

IV. Translation

A.(Refer to the relevant part of the Chinese translation)

B. The energy released from nuclear fusion is much more than that from nuclear fission, and the radioactivity

given out from fusion is only one hundredth of that from fission. The major fuel used for nuclear fusion is hydrogen and its isotopes, deuterium and tritium, among which deuterium could be directly extracted from sea water. The energy of deuterium contained in one liter of sea water is equal to 300 liters of petroleum.

In the ocean there are about 35,000 billion tons of deuterium, which could be used for more than one billion years. Compared to the fission energy, the fusion energy on the earth is nearly limitless.

V. Grouping

A. Nuclear-fusion:

the doughnut-shaped hollow, reactor, the Tokamak Fusion reactor, fusion, generate, consume

B. Verbs related to nuclear-fusion reaction:

ignite, release, stick

C. Excitement and cool-down:

not a few tears, The experiment is an important milestone, but fusion power is still along way . . . , But no one knows for su re whether…, Even then it will take decades of engineering before…

1. nuclear fusion

2. repel

3. blast

VI. Topics for Discussion and Writing

(Omitted)

WRITING ? R HETORIC ? METONYMY AND SYNECDOCHE

I. Study the uses of metonymy in the following sentences and then put them into Chinese.

1.The election benched him in the district court.

他在这次竞选中当上了地区法官。

2.Only a knife can save the patient.

只有进行外科手术该病人才有救。

3.When the war was over, he laid down the sword and took up the pen.

战争结束后，他放下了武器、拿起了笔杆子（弃戎从文）。

4.I can‘t figure out the reason why he is so fond of the bottle.

我弄不明白他为什么嗜酒如命。

5.The president thought that it was high time they showed their teeth on that issue.

总统认为现在是他们就此事表现强硬态度的时候了。

II. Paraphrase the use of synecdoche in the following sentences.

1.The radio is out of order.

Something has gone wrong with part of the radio.

2.The kettle is boiling.

The water in the bottle is boiling.

3.Two beers, please.

Two cups/bottles of beer, please.

4.She was dressed in silks and satins.

She was dressed in expensive clothes.

5.The four sails were already back in the harbor.

The four ships were already back in the harbor.

Text 9 Quantum Weirdness

I. Vocabulary

1. B

2. C

3. B

4. D

5. C

6. A

7. B

8. A

9. D 10. D

II. Mosaic

1. (Omitted)

2. (Omitted)

3. B

4. B

5. C

6. 1) B 2) C 3) D 4) D

III. Translation

A.(Refer to the relevant part of the Chinese translation)

B. The basic element of quantum computers is qubit, about ten of which are needed to be placed on a

chip in building a whole quantum computer. At present, creating qubits is not a simple task, for they are only as big as 1 nanometer, about the size of ten atoms put together. However, it is said that Hitachi Company in Japan is doing the research into qubits in hope of producing a new generation of super high density memory chips. Thus this technology will emerge earlier than we expect it.

IV. Grouping

A.Quantum computing:

interference, dependency, cryptography, parallelism, spin

B.Verbs related to quantum computing:

interfere, reinforce, cancel, factor, zap

C.Problems with quantum computing:

not let you look at intermediate answers without destroying the computation, accomplish something as simple as factoring a number into its pisors

1. collapse

2. zap

3. dependency

4. fragile

5. computing

V. Topics for Discussion and Writing

(Omitted)

WRITING ? R HETORIC ? HYPERBOLE AND UNDERSTATEMENT

I. Paraphrase the uses of hyperbole in the following sentences.

1.I beg 1000 pardons.

I am extremely sorry.

2.She was scared to death.

She was terribly frightened.

3.He knows his job inside out.

He knows exactly what his job is.

4.During the economic crisis prices skyrocketed.

During the economic crisis prices went up too high.

5.The racist rulers drowned the black people in a blood bath.

The racist rulers treated the black people with brutality.

6.The noise was loud enough to wake up the dead.

The noise was too loud.

7.The two views are miles apart.

The two views are quite different.

8.There was not a grain of truth in what he said.

He told a lie.

9.She was reduced to a skeleton after her long illness.

She became very thin after her long illness.

10.Miss Mebbin didn‘t want to render an atom more service than she had been paid for.

Miss Mebbin didn’t want to render any service without being paid.

II. Paraphrase the uses of understatement or litotes in the following sentences.

1.Ask me another question.

I don’t want to answer this question.

2.She is no stranger to hard life.

She has experienced quite a lot of hardships.

3.There is no rule without exception.

This is a special rule.

4.All music is alike to him.

He knows nothing about music.

5.I‘m not ov erjoyed to do this.

I hate to do this.

6.I know you are honest, and I wish I could add you were intelligent.

You are dumb, though you are honest.

7.The boy was impatient of accepted rules and conventions.

The boy was very naughty.

8.He could not rush to safety fast enough.

He was killed.

Text 10 Down to the Sea in Robots

I. Vocabulary

1. C

2. C

3. A

4. D

5. C

6. C

7. A

8. C

9. D 10. B

II. Definition

1. Fail-safe

2. A gyroscope

3. A fuel cell

4. Artificial intelligence

5. an important assignment carried out for political, religious, or commercial purposes, typically involving

travel abroad

6. a set of instructions in some computer language intended to be executed on a computer so as to perform

some task

III. Mosaic

1. 英语字母ar 在重读音节发/ a: /, 如A, C and D.

2. (Omitted)

3. (Omitted)

4. D

5. C

6. C

7. D

IV. Translation

A.(Refer to the relevant part of the Chinese translation)

B. On December 14, 1985, the underwater robot ―Seaman I,‖ designed and manufactured independently by

our country, ped to the sea bottom in the Bay of Daliang. Equipped with several electric screw propellers, it could advance, retreat, make a turn, ―creep across‖ and stay in suspension at any depth in water. With a new type of microbeam TV, it was able to see clearly the target within 20 meters across the pitch-dark seafloor. The sonar ―ear‖ and the over-five-meter-long mechanical hand enabled the robot to perform underwater operation at will under the control of the computer.

V. Grouping

A. Background information of A VUVs:

Ocean V oyager II, Phoenix, Seashuttle, Odyssey

B. Words related to AUVs themselves:

pe, map, artificial intelligence, navigate, module

C. Problems and solutions in the development of AUVs:

devising control software, battery, fuel cell, dead-reckoning, acoustic navigation, sound

generator, inertial navigation, gyroscope

1. hurdles

2. acoustic

3. sensor

4. navigate

VI. Topics for Discussion and Writing

(Omitted)

WRITING ? R HETORIC ? PERSONIFICATION AND EPIGRAM

I. Identify and paraphrase the uses of personification in the following.

1.The stubborn door won‘t open. (the stubborn door)

The door is difficult to open.

2.Justice has long arms. (long arms)

No criminals can escape punishment.

3.The wind whistled through the trees. (whistled)

The wind blew hard through the trees.

4.Walls have long ears. (long ears)

It is very possible to be overheard.

5.Let love, being light, be drowned if she sinks. (drown, sink)

Forget the light love if it disappears.

6.The rain kept tapping on the windowpanes with a million nervous fingers. (tapping; nervous fingers)

It was raining hard.

7.How soon hath Time, the subtle thief of youth, stolen on his wing my three and twentieth year! (thief)

How fast my 23 years flies!

8.I shall never see her more

Where the reeds and rushes quiver,

Shiver, quiver;

Stand beside the sobbing river,

Sobbing, throbbing, in its falling

To the sandy lonesome shore. (quiver, shiver, sobbing, lonesome)

II. Put the following sentences into Chinese.

1.A favorite has no friend.

有亲信的人就没有朋友。

2.They who drink beer will think beer.

日久成习。

3.Few, save the poor, feel for the poor.

只有穷人才会为穷人着想。

4.All great truths begin as blasphemies.

所有真理开始都被看作亵渎之言。

5.Kings are like stars: they rise and set.

帝王就象星辰：他们升起又陨落。

Text 11 NANO TECH—Borrowing From Biology to Power the Petite

I. Vocabulary

1. A

2.D

3. B

4. A

5. D

6. C

7. A

II. Mosaic

1. 字母组合ea, ee, ie 通常发/ i: / 音, 如A, C and D.

2. (Omitted)

3. (Omitted)

4. B

5. B

6. D

III. Translation

A.(Refer to the relevant part of the Chinese translation)

B. One of the key research areas in biological nanotechnology is the development of molecule machines.

The first generation of molecule machines is the organic integration of the biological system and the mechanical system. The second generation should be nano-devices which are assembled directly with atoms and molecules and can perform certain functions. The third generation will make it possible to implant nanocomputers in the human brain. Being directly connected with human body, the devices will be able to interact with man and copy themselves.

IV. Grouping

A．N ano-sized entities:

a molecule-sized snowmobile, or jet ski

B．M olecular motors:

molecular motors, flex muscles, copy DNA, power nanotechnology devices, twirling microscopic plastic beads, burning A TPs to rotate the shaft and move protons

C．T he experiments with the motors:

use the A TPase rotary motor to move man-made objects, array of motors twirling in

endless loops, a nanoscale monorail in which a collection of molecular motors all lined

up on a su rface pass a tiny tube…, ferrying molecular cargo , shuttle microtubules

down the line

1. flex

2. array

3. speck

4. loop

V. Topics for Discussion and Writing

(Omitted)

WRITING ? R HETORIC ? PUN AND EUPHEMISM

I. Explain the uses of pun in the following sentences.

1. A judge can end a sentence with a sentence.

The first sentence means verdict while the second one statement.

2.Sign on a Men‘s gymnasium door: ―We have courses to make grown men young and young men groan.‖

Grown and groan are homophones.

3.They kept their spirits up by pouring spirits down.

The first spirits means mood while the second one alcoholic drinks.

4.A: How do you keep cool at a football game?

B: Sit next to a fan.

The word fan has two meanings: an electric device and an enthusiast.

5.A: What did the pony say when he coughed?

B: ―Excuse me. I‘m just a little hoarse.‖

Hoarse and horse are homophones.

6.A: What country has a good appetite?

B: Hungary.

Hungary and hungry are homophones.

7.A: What letter is an insect?

B: Bee.

Bee and B are homophones.

8.A: Why is the library the tallest building?

B: Because it has the most storeys.

Storeys and stories are homophones.

9.Ben Battle was a soldier bold,

And used to war‘s alarm,

But a cannon ball shot off his legs,

So he laid down his arm.

The word arm has two meanings: part of the body and weapon.

II. Paraphrase the uses of euphemism in the following sentences.

1.She married herself to a meat technologist.

She married herself to a butcher.

2.The patient‘s heart has stopped beating.

The patient has died.

3.The accused is now living at the government‘s expenses.

The accused is now living in prison.

4.More attention must be paid to the underachievers in the class.

More attention must be paid to the poor students in the class.

5.Sorry to say that that is more than I can promise.

Sorry to say that I have to refuse it.

6.Some cosmetic products are harmful to those with skin problems.

Some cosmetic products are harmful to those with skin disease.

7.It was a special hospital where the emotionally disturbed were well treated.

It was a special hospital where the lunatics were well treated.

Text 12 The Third Culture

I. Vocabulary

1. A

2. A

3. B

4. B

5. A

6. D

7. B

8. B

9. B 10. C

II. Definition

1. Paraphernalia

2. Fuziness

3. A paleontologist

4. the skill, knowledge, or opinion of somebody who is an expert

5. any conspicuous feature or characteristic

III. Rhetoric

1. conversation

2. supernova

3. thrust

4. string

5. messianic

6. cranky

7. backseat

IV. Mosaic

1. 非重读音节, 字母a 发/ / 的音, 如A, B and C.

2. (Omitted)

3. (Omitted)

4. A

5. D

6. B

V. Translation

A.(Refer to the relevant part of the Chinese translation)

B. The development of technology has been leading to the continual progress and the development of human

civilization and culture. The most important tool to push forward the development of culture is video communicative technology, especially TV. In developed countries, TV directly influences people‘s concepts, attitudes and behaviors. Owing to the busines smen‘s deliberate design, products in a certain brand name advertised on TV are more appealing to young people than those of the same type made locally. Thanks to the development of information technology and the expansion and extension of communication network., people can freely access the regional networks all over the world so as to obtain the information enriched with cultural trends, concepts and traditions.

VI. Grouping

A.The arts:

painting, national poet laureate, esteemed, hip, cool, express the human condition,

acknowledge the starting point of the human condition, experience, contemplate and abstract a mind, generate beauty

B.The classical science:

near-saintly tolerance for failure, people aiming high, smart students, the most committed and

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