六级英语作文及阅读

开头万能公式：

结尾万能公式：

1．结尾万能公式一：如此结论

比如下面的例子：

Obviously（此为过渡短语）, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.

如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了！

更多过渡短语：

to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus

更多句型：

Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that…2．结尾万能公式二：如此建议

Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.

这里的虚拟语气用得很经典，因为考官本来经常考这个句型，而如果我们自己写出来，你说考官会怎么想呢？

更多句型：

Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken. Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.

三、一二三原则

领1）first, second, third, last（不推荐，原因：俗）

2）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally（不推荐，原因：俗）

3）the first, the second, the third, the last（不推荐，原因：俗）4）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly（不推荐，原因：俗）

5）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally（强烈推荐）

6）to start with, next, in addition, finally（强烈推荐）

7）first and foremost, besides, last but not least（强烈推荐）8）most important of all, moreover, finally

9）on the one hand, on the other hand（适用于两点的情况）

10）for one thing, for another thing（适用于两点的情况）

建议：不仅仅在写作中注意，平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚！

四、短语优先原则

I cannot bear it.

可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it.

I want it.

可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it.

第一段：陈述现状段

文章第一句话：

1）第一句的第一种写法：就某事，人们又热烈讨论

There is a heated discussion whether（通常用在选择性话题：是否年级小出国，是否有必要参加…）

2）第一句的第二种写法：某事引发人们关注（不用写事情的经过，用一个词儿代替事情过程）

Recently，the problem of “”has aroused wide concern among the public Currently，he phenomenon of drunken driving has arouse wide concern among the public（酒后驾驶）

4）第一句的第四种写法：社会趋势（一般都写在“有越来越多的人干什

么去了”这样的社会现状）

There is a growing tendency nowadays that…

graduates in mounting numbers can hardly find an ideal job （就业难）

people in mounting numbers show great enthusiasm for volunteer works/ various talent shows（选秀热）

people in mounting numbers use credit card. （信用卡热）注：people in mounting numbers 都表示“越来越多的人”，切忌写：more and more people，找死！

5）第一句的第五种写法：某个现象人尽皆知（一般写比较大的，比较严重的社会问题）

No one in China has failed to notice the phenomenon that…

that goods in mounting numbers are wrapped in flaring boxes or bags （过度包装问题）

that there has been a steady rise in the number of rural laborers who swarm into big cities.（农工进城）

The economy has been developing at a considerably high speed at the expense of living environment.

（经济发展以牺牲环境为代价）

文章第二句话：

（小虹有话：陈述正反观点；你只要说，针对某个事情，人们看法存在不一样就行，不要再第一段就开始具体论述双方的观

点各是什么！）

Does anyone hold the same attitude towards this issue ？Definitely not，actually，opinions vary from person to person.

第二段：对立观点论述段

文章第三句话：

（提出正方观点，比如说他支持什么；总体来说，有两种表示支持的说法）Some maintain that ( 表示“认为”的单词，打死都不写“think”；maintain/argue/hold/claim都可以写 )

1）某物是有好处的：something is beneficial to sth. （练习：跳槽对学生有利）

2) 某物优点>缺点：The merits of sth. far outweigh its demerits.（练习：用手机的优点>缺点）

文章第四句话：

( 上句提出了论点，这句就必须要用论据来证明，论据可以写一个，也可若干个；个数的标准是字数达标 )

Firstly,…secondly,…last but not least,…. （万能理由：这个只能在新东方小虹的六级写作课堂听啦！）

文章第五句话：

( 既是正反对立观点作文，第三句提出正方观点，那么这句当然要提出对立观点啦！ )

However，quite a few people hold the opposite opinion that （反方观点），

1) 某物是有坏处：something is detrimental to sth.

2) 某物缺点>优点： The demerits of sth. far outweigh itsmerits. （merits 代替advantages）

文章第六句话：

( 上句提出了论点，这句就必须要用论据来证明，论据可以写一个，也可若干个；个数的标准是字数达标 )

For one thing，… for another,…（万能理由：这个只能在新东方小虹的六级写作课堂听啦！）

第三段：个人观点段

（文章的第7,8,9句；四六级作文，包括考研作文，都要求写essay-议论文，短评，所以，写了上述对立观点的目的，其实就是为了最后提出自己的观点！）文章第七句话：To my way of thinking，… From my perspective, + 个人观点句（参见第三、五）.

文章第八句话：( 上句提出了论点，这句就必须要用论据来证明，论据可以写一个，也可若干个；个数的标准是字数达标 ) In the first place，… in the second place,…（万能理由）

文章第九句话：( 再次重申自己的观点，和第七句话正好构成“总分总结构”) Given all the factors I have outlined，I strongly commit to the notion that（观点句）

或者是：Weighing the pros and cons of these arguments, I am inclined to agree with the idea that…

模板二：问题解决作文 {3段9句话，2011年12月六级可能考}

第一段：陈述现状段

文章第一句话：

The past several years have witnessed a not uncommon phenomenon that…( 社会现象 ).

文章第二句话：

具体描述

（将文章第一句话所讲的抽象的、大体的社会现象，用具体的文字描述一下，增加字数，只能这么做了！）

举例：

（第一句）Nowadays, the phenomenon of drunken driving has arouse wide concern among the public.

（第二句）Especially the young generation living in metropolis, tend to drive after drinking, ignoring the fact that this behavior may pose underlying threat totheir precious life and may even endanger others.

第二段：原因或危害陈述段（分析问题）

文章第三句话：

（过渡句，引发讨论某个社会问题、现象产生的原因）

Ample reasons can account for this phenomenon，and the followings might be the most critical ones:

文章第四句话：

（提出某个社会问题、现象产生的原因；具体写几个原因，根据字数情况斟酌）

Firstly，… secondly,….（万能理由）

文章第五句话：

（提出如果我们不关注这个问题，后果很严重！）

The problem mentioned above will bound to generate severe consequences if we keep turning a blind eye and deaf ear to it. （翻译：如果我们对这个问题视而不见，听而不闻，将产生严重后果）

文章第六句话：

（危害和后果分别是什么呢？）

On the one hand, … on the other hand,…

第三段：原因或危害陈述段（解决问题）

文章第七句话：

（号召句，“放空话”！号召大家赶紧采取措施，投入关注等等）

Effective measures should be adopted before things get worse.

文章第八句话：

（采取什么措施呢？这个在考前你都可以背下来，考试的时候用上去就好！）First and foremost，（措施）.

1）扬善去恶：（两面性问题，比如手机，彩票等等）

What we should do is to encourage the merits and diminish the demerits to the least extent

2) 大家联合起来：（一般用在解决学生的问题，心理健康啊，网瘾啊等等）

It is high time that parents，educators，and the authorities make combined efforts to put an end to this situation.

3) 个人意识：（提高环境保护的意识等等）

The public should enhance their consciousness of the significance of …

4) 采取行动：（这句话纯粹就是凑字数的）

We must press forward on deeper research，but research alone is inadequate, actually，any one of us has good reason to take actions to…

5) 加强教育：（一般用在涉及面比较广的社会问题）

A public education campaign should be launched to inform the public of the importance of

6) 政府出台：（一般用在比较大的，比较严重的社会问题，如节约问题，浪费问题等等）

It is essential that the authorities should make and implement relevant laws and regulations to impose a heavy penalty on those who (contaminate the environment deliberately)

7) 呼吁相关部门加强监管：（一般用在比较大的，比较严重的社会问题。如质量问题，假冒产品问题）

We should appeal to the relevant administration departments to strengthen supervision over

文章第九句话：

（采取了措施之后，当然要有美好的远景啊！）

1) 只有采取措施，我们才能：

Only with these measures adopted can we put an end to this problem.

（结束这个问题）

Only in this way can（graduates find a satisfactory job and enjoy a brilliant future.）

2) 采取了这些措施以后

With these measures taken, it is reasonable for us to believe that this problem can be perfectly solved in the near future（我们有理由相信问题一定能完美解决）

With these measure adopted, I strongly believe that the problem of (drunken driving)will be things of the past.（这个问题将会成为过去式）

3) 我坚信生活美好：

It is deeply-rooted in my mind that a happy and bright future is awaiting us if we make every effort to …

4) 和谐社会人人追求：

It is deeply-rooted in my mind that the world will be a more harmonious place for us to live in.

2011年12月英语六级真题作文

The Way to Success

Just as the old saying goes “Good beginning is half done”，illustrating the importance and necessity of the preparation work on the condition that you have the longing for the success .A great proportion of inpiduals hold the view that preparation makes an essential part of in the process of achievement; on the contrary, the other parts of persons are in favor of the idea that the previous arrangement is a minor factor for success。

The essentiality of the preparation work is able to be accounted by the following example .As a matter of fact, the method accounts more than the results for the majority of situations, For instance, a student who wants to win outstanding academic performance ought to learn the effective and reasonable methods and approaches for memory and comprehension of the subjects such as physics, chemistry, mathematics and so on. The workers in the factories should learn to master the technique of operating the machines beforehand and in this way can they produce the qualified goods and merchandises。

Generally speaking ，Lincoln’s remark “give me six hours to chop down a tree and I will spend the first four hours sharpening the

axe ”reveals the imperative of make preparation .Undoubtedly, only by arranging beforehand can we achieve success whenever we face the perplexing and tough situations。（本范文收集整理自网上）

阅读：

六级讲究词汇和速度，拿到阅读先读选项再马上回到文中去找答案，不要看整篇文章，把答案所在句子划出来；先练真题再练模拟题（因为真题是真实难度，模拟题往往会较难会较易；把阅读中的高频词汇（就是经常见到的眼熟的）积累并且要背诵，不要去看单词书背或者拿着词典背，只需要背那些你总是经常见到的就好了

2011年12月大学英语六级真题及答案

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Way to Success by commenting on Abraham Lincoln's famous remark, "Give me six hours to

chop down a tree, and I will spend, the first four sharpening the axe." You should

write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

The Way to Success

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer thequestions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the

four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with

the information given in the passage.

Google's Plan for World's Biggest Online Library: Philanthropy Or Act of Piracy?

In recent years, teams of workers dispatched by Google have been working hard to

make digital copies of books. So far, Google has scanned more than 10 million titles from libraries in America and Europe - including half a million volumes held by the Bodleian in Oxford. The

exact method it uses is unclear; the company does not allow outsiders to observe the process.

Why is Google undertaking such a venture? Why is it even interested in all those

out-of-printlibrary books, most of which have been gathering dust on forgotten shelves for decades? Thecompany claims its motives are essentially public-spirited. Its overall mission, after all, is to "organise the world's information", so it would be odd if that information did not include books.

The company likes to present itself as having lofty aspirations. "This really isn't about making money. We are doing this for the good of society." As Santiago de la Mora, head of Google Books for Europe, puts it: "By making it possible to search the millions of books that exist today, we hope to expand the frontiers of human knowledge."

Dan Clancy, the chief architect of Google Books, does seem genuine in his conviction that thisis primarily a philanthropic (慈善的) exercise. "Google's core business is search and find, soobviously what helps improve Google's search engine is good for Google," he says. "But we havenever built

a spreadsheet (电子数据表) outlining the financial benefits of this, and I have neverhad to justify the amount I am spending to the company's founders."

It is easy, talking to Clancy and his colleagues, to be swept along by their missionary passion. But Google's book-scanning project is proving controversial. Several opponents have recently emerged, ranging from rival tech giants such as Microsoft and Amazon to small bodies representing authors and publishers across the world. In broad terms, these opponents have levelled two sets of criticisms at Google.

First, they have questioned whether the primary responsibility for digitally archiving the

world's books should be allowed to fall to a commercial company. In a recent essay in the New YorkReview of Books, Robert Darnton, the head of Harvard University's library, argued that because such books are a common resource – the possession of us all – only public, not-for-profit bodiesshould be given the power to control them.

The second related criticism is that Google's scanning of books is actually illegal. This allegation has led to Google becoming mired in (陷入) a legal battle whose scope and complexity makes the Jarndyce and Jarndyce case in Charles Dickens' Bleak House look straightforward.

At its centre, however, is one simple issue: that of copyright. The inconvenient fact about

most books, to which Google has arguably paid insufficient attention, is that they are protected

by copyright. Copyright laws differ from country to country, but in general protection extends for

the duration of an author's life and for a substantial period afterwards, thus allowing the author's heirs to benefit. (In Britain and America, this post-death period is 70 years.) This means, of course,

that almost all of the books published in the 20th century are still under copyright – and the last century saw more books published than in all previous centuries combined. Of the roughly 40 million books in US libraries, for example, an estimated 32 million are in copyright. Of these, some 27 million are out of print.

Outside the US, Google has made sure only to scan books that are out of copyright and thus in the "public domain" (works such as the Bodleian's first edition of Middlemarch, which anyone canread for free on Google Books Search).

But, within the US, the company has scanned both in-copyright and out-of-copyright works. Inits defence, Google points out that it displays only small segments of books that are in copyright– arguing that such displays are "fair use". But critics allege that by making electronic copies of these books without first seeking the permission of copyright holders, Google has committed piracy.

"The key principle of copyright law has always been that works can be copied only

once authors have expressly given their permission," says Piers Blofeld, of the Sheil Land literary agency in London. "Google has reversed this – it has simply copied all these works without bothering toask."

In 2005, the Authors Guild of America, together with a group of US publishers, launched a class action suit (集团诉讼) against Google that, after more than two years of negotiation, endedwith an announcement last October that Google and the claimants had reached an out-of-courtsettlement. The full details are complicated - the text alone runs to 385 pages– and trying tosummarise it is no easy task. "Part of the problem is that it is basically incomprehensible," saysBlofeld, one of the settlement's most vocal British critics.

Broadly, the deal provides a mechanism for Google to compensate authors and

publishers whose rights it has breached (including giving them a share of any future revenue it generates fromtheir works). In exchange for this, the rights holders agree not to sue Google in future.

This settlement hands Google the power - but only with the agreement of inpidual rights holders – to exploit its database of out-of-print books. It can include them in subscription deals sold to libraries or sell them inpidually under a consumer licence. It is these commercial provisions that are proving the settlement's most controversial aspect.

Critics point out that, by giving Google the right to commercially exploit its database, thesettlement paves the way for a subtle shift in the company's role from provider of information to seller. "Google's business model has always been to provide information for free, and sell advertising on the basis of the traffic this generates," points out James Grimmelmann, associate professor at New York Law School. Now, he says, because of the settlement's provisions, Google could become a significant force in bookselling.

Interest in this aspect of the settlement has focused on "orphan" works, where there is noknown copyright holder – these make up an estimated 5-10% of the books Google has scanned. Under the settlement, when no rights holders come forward and register their interest in a work, commercial control automatically reverts to Google. Google will be able to display up to 20% oforphan works for free, include them in its subscription deals to libraries and sell them to

inpidual buyers under the consumer licence.

It is by no means certain that the settlement will be enacted (执行) – it is the subject of afairness hearing in the US courts. But if it is enacted, Google will in effect be off the hook as far

as copyright violations in the US are concerned. Many people are seriously concerned by this - and the company is likely to face challenges in other courts around the world.

No one knows the precise use Google will make of the intellectual property it has gained byscanning the world's library books, and the truth, as Gleick, an American science writer and member of the Authors Guild, points out, is that the company probably doesn't even know itself. But what is certain is that, in some way or other, Google's entrance into digital bookselling will have a significant impact on the book world in the years to come.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1. Google claims its plan for the world's biggest online library is _____.

A) to serve the interest of the general public

B) to encourage reading around the world

C) to save out-of-print books in libraries

D) to promote its core business of searching

2. According to Santiago de la Mora, Google's book-scanning project will _____.

A) broaden humanity's intellectual horizons

B) help the broad masses of readers

C) revolutionise the entire book industry

D) make full use of the power of its search engine

3. Opponents of Google Books believe that digitally archiving the world's books should be controlled by _____.

A) non-profit organisations C) multinational companies

B) the world's leading libraries D) the world's tech giants

4. Google has involved itself in a legal battle as it ignored _____.

A) the copyright of authors of out-of-print books

B) the copyright of the books it scanned

C) the interest of traditional booksellers

D) the differences of in-print and out-of-print books

5. Google defends its scanning in-copyright books by saying that _____.

A) it displays only a small part of their content

B) it is willing to compensate the copyright holders

C) making electronic copies of books is not a violation of copyright

D) the online display of in-copyright books is not for commercial use

6. What do we learn about the class action suit against Google?

A) It ended in a victory for the Authors Guild of America.

B) It was settled after more than two years of negotiation.

C) It failed to protect the interests of American publishers.

D) It could lead to more out-of-court settlements of such disputes.

7. What remained controversial after the class action suit ended?

A) The compensation for copyright holders.

B) The change in Google's business model.

C) Google's further exploitation of its database.

D) The commercial provisions of the settlement.

8. While _____, Google makes money by selling advertising.

9. Books whose copyright holders are not known are called _____.

10. Google's entrance into digital bookselling will tremendously _____ in the future.

Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)

Section A

Directions:In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements.

Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in

the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2. Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.

Leadership is the most significant word in today's competitive business environment because it directs the manager of a business to focus inward on their personal capabilities and style. Experts on leadership will quickly point out that "how things get done" influences the success of

the outcomes and indicates a right way and a wrong way to do things. When a noted leader on the art of management, Peter Drucker, coined the phrase "Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things," he was seeking to clarify the distinctions he associates with the terms.

When Stephen Covey, founder and director of the Leadership Institute, explored leadership styles in the past decade, he focused on the habits of a great number of highly effective inpiduals. His Seven Habits of Highly Effective People became a popular bestseller very quickly. His ideas forced a reexamination of the early leadership paradigm (范例), which he observed centered on traits found in the character ethic and the personality ethic. The former ethic suggested success was founded on integrity, modesty, loyalty, courage, patience, and so forth. The personality ethic suggested it was one's attitude, not behavior, that inspired success, and this ethic was founded on a belief of positive mental attitude. In contrast to each of these ideas, Covey advocates that leaders need to understand universal principles of effectiveness, and he highlights how vital it is for leaders to first personally manage themselves if they are to enjoy any hope of outstanding success in their work environments. To achieve a desired vision for your business, it is vital that you have a personal vision of where you are headed and what you value. Business leadership means that managers need to "put first things first," which implies that before leading others, you need to be clear on your own values, abilities, and strengths and be seen as trustworthy.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

47. To be good leaders, managers must pay close attention to their own _____.

48. According to Peter Drucker, leaders should be good at _____.

49. The personality ethic suggests that people are likely to succeed if they have _____.

50. According to Stephen Covey, leaders who hope to achieve outstanding success need first of

all to _____.

51. Good leadership requires one to know one's own strengths and be able to win people's _____.

Section B

Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and

D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter

on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.

What's the one word of advice a well-meaning professional would give to a recent college graduate? China"} India! Brazil! How about trade!

When the Commerce Department reported last week that the trade deficit in June approached $50 billion, it set off a new round of economic doomsaying. Imports, which soared to $200.3 billion in the month, are subtracted in the calculation of gross domestic product. The larger the trade deficit, the smaller the GDP. Should such imbalances continue, pessimists say, they could contribute to slower growth.

But there's another way of looking at the trade data. Over the past two years, the figures on imports and exports seem not to signal a double-dip recession – a renewed decline in the broad level of economic activity in the United States – but an economic expansion.

The rising volume of trade – more goods and services shuttling in and out of the United States – is good news for many sectors. Companies engaged in shipping, trucking, rail freight, delivery,

and logistics (物流) have all been reporting better than expected results. The rising numbers sig-nify growing vitality in foreign markets – when we import more stuff, it puts more cash in the hands of people around the world, and U.S. exports are rising because more foreigners have the ability to buy the things we produce and market. The rising tide of trade is also good news for people who work in trade-sensitive businesses, especially those that produce commodities for which global demand sets the price – agricultural goods, mining, metals, oil.

And while exports always seem to lag, U.S. companies are becoming more involved in the global economy with each passing month. General Motors sells as many cars in China as in America each month. While that may not do much for imports, it does help GM's balance sheet – and hence makes the jobs of U.S.-based executives more stable.

One great challenge for the U.S. economy is slack domestic consumer demand. Americans are

paying down debt, saving more, and spending more carefully. That's to be expected, given what we've been through. But there's a bigger challenge. Can U.S.-based businesses, large and small, figure out how to get a piece of growing global demand? Unless you want to pick up and move to India, or Brazil, or China, the best way to do that is through trade. It may seem obvious, but it's no longer enough simply to do business with our friends and neighbors here at home.

Companies and inpiduals who don't have a strategy to export more, or to get more involved in foreign markets, or to play a role in global trade, are shutting themselves out of the lion's share of economic opportunity in our world.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

52. How do pessimists interpret the U.S. trade deficit in June?

A) It reflects Americans' preference for imported goods.

B) It signifies a change in American economic structure.

C) It is the result of America's growing focus on domestic market.

D) It could lead to slower growth of the national economy.

53. What does the author say about the trade data of the past two years?

A) It indicates that economic activities in the U.S. have increased.

B) It shows that U.S. economy is slipping further into recession.

C) It signals decreasing domestic demand for goods and services.

D) It reflects the fluctuations in the international market.

54. Who particularly benefit from the rising volume of trade?

A) People who have expertise in international trade.

B) Consumers who favor imported goods and services.

C) Producers of agricultural goods and raw materials.

D) Retailers dealing in foreign goods and services.

55. What is one of the challenges facing the American economy?

A) Competition from overseas. C) Slack trade activities.

B) People's reluctance to spend. D) Decreasing productivity.

56. What is the author's advice to U.S. companies and inpiduals?

A) To import more cheap goods from developing countries.

B) To move their companies to where labor is cheaper.

C) To increase their market share overseas.

D) To be alert to fluctuations in foreign markets.

Passage Two

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

A recurring criticism of the UK's university sector is its perceived weakness in translating

new knowledge into new products and services.

Recently, the UK National Stem Cell Network warned the UK could lose its place among the world leaders in stem cell research unless adequate funding and legislation could be assured.

We should take this concern seriously as universities are key in the national innovation system.

However, we do have to challenge the unthinking complaint that the sector does not do enough in taking ideas to market. The most recent comparative data on the performance of universities and research institutions in Australia, Canada, USA and UK shows that, from a relatively weak startingposition, the UK now leads on many indicators of commercialisation activity.

When viewed at the national level, the policy interventions of the past decade have helpedtransform the performance of UK universities. Evidence suggests the UK's position is much stronger than in the recent past and is still showing improvement. But national data masks the very largevariation in the performance of inpidual universities. The evidence shows that a large number ofuniversities have fallen off the back of the pack, a few perform strongly and the rest chase theleaders.

This type of uneven distribution is not peculiar to the UK and is mirrored across other economies. In the UK, research is concentrated: less than 25% of universities receive 75% of the research funding. These same universities are also the institutions producing the greatest share of PhD graduates, science citations, patents and licence income. The effect of policies generating long-term resource concentration has also created a distinctive set of universities which are research-led and commercially active. It seems clear that the concentration of research and commercialisation work creates differences between universities.

The core objective for universities which are research-led must be to maximise the impact oftheir research efforts. These universities should be generating the widest range of social, economic and

environmental benefits. In return for the scale of investment, they should share their expertise in order to build greater confidence in the sector.

Part of the economic recovery of the UK will be driven by the next generation of research commercialisation spilling out of our universities. There are three dozen universities in the UKwhich are actively engaged in advanced research training and commercialisation work.

If there was a greater coordination of technology transfer offices within regions and a simultaneous investment in the scale and functions of our graduate schools, universities could, and should, play a key role in positioning the UK for the next growth cycle.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

57. What does the author think of UK universities in terms of commercialisation?

A) They fail to convert knowledge into money.

B) They do not regard it as their responsibility.

C) They still have a place among the world leaders.

D) They have lost their leading position in many ways.

58. What does the author say about the national data on UK universities' performance in

commercialisation?

A) It masks the fatal weaknesses of government policy.

B) It does not rank UK universities in a scientific way.

C) It does not reflect the differences among universities.

D) It indicates their ineffective use of government resources.

59. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that "policy interventions" (Line 1, Para. 4) refers to _____.

A) government aid to non-research-oriented universities

B) compulsory cooperation between universities and industries

C) fair distribution of funding for universities and research institutions

D) concentration of resources in a limited number of universities

60. What does the author suggest research-led universities do?

A) Publicise their research to win international recognition.

B) Fully utilise their research to benefit all sectors of society.

C) Generously share their facilities with those short of funds.

D) Spread their influence among top research institutions.

61. How can the university sector play a key role in the UK's economic growth?

A) By establishing more regional technology transfer offices.

B) By asking the government to invest in technology transfer research.

C) By promoting technology transfer and graduate school education.

D) By increasing the efficiency of technology transfer agencies.

Part V Cloze (15 minutes)

Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE

that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet

2 with a single line through the centre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

If you know where to find a good plastic-free shampoo, can you tell Jeanne Haegele? Last September, the 28-year-old Chicago resident __62__ to cut plastics out of her life. The marketing coordinator was concerned about __63__ the chemicals coming out of some common types of plastic might be doing to her body. She was also worried about the damage all the plastic __64__ was doing to the environment. So she __65__ on her bike and rode to the nearest grocery store to see what she could find that didn't __66__ plastic. "I went in and __67__ bought anything," Haegele says. She did __68__ some canned food and a carton (纸盒) of milk – to discover later that both containers were __70__ with plastic resin (树脂). "Plastic," she says, "just seemed like it was in everything."

She's right. Back in the 1960s, plastic was well __71__ its way to becoming a staple of American life. The U.S. produced 28 million tons of plastic waste in 2005 – 27 million tons of which __72__ in landfills (垃圾填埋场). Our food and water come __73__ in plastic. It's used in our phones and our computers, the cars we drive and the planes we ride in. But the __74__ adaptable substance has its dark side. Environmentalists feel worried about the petroleum needed to make it. Parents worry about the possibility of __75__ chemicals making their way from 76plastic into children's bloodstreams. Which means Haegele isn't the only person trying to cut plastic out of her life – she isn't __77__ the only one blogging about this kind of __78__. Butthose who've tried know it's __79__ from easy to go plastic-free. "These things seem to be so common __80__ it is practically impossible to avoid coming into __81__ with them," says Frederick vom Saal, a biologist at the University of Missouri.

62. A) resolved B) recovered C) removed D) retreated

63. A) when B) what C) who D) why

64. A) essence B) unit C) crust D) rubbish

65. A) hinged B) hopped C) stretched D) dipped

66. A) include B) induce C) compose D) consist

67. A) slightly B) nearly C) roughly D) barely

68. A) pursue B) prescribe C) preserve D) purchase

69. A) rather B) ever C) merely D) only

70. A) probed B) coupled C) lined D) combined

71. A) by B) over C) on D) under

72. A) ended up B) pulled up C) put up D) set up

73. A) trapped B) adapted C) wrapped D) adopted

74. A) interactively B) remotely C) infinitely D) resolutely

75. A) sensible B) toxic C) attractive D) absurd

76. A) household B) family C) internal D) civil

77. A) hardly B) largely C) even D) still

78. A) endeavor B) recreation C) accomplishment D) diligence

79. A) well B) little C) far D) much

80. A) while B) which C) but D) that

81. A) fashion B) approach C) contact D) agreement

Part VI Translation (5 minutes)

Directions:Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.Please write your translation on Answ&r Sheet 2.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。

82. You shouldn't have run across the road without looking. You ______________________________

(也许会被车撞倒的).

33. By no means ______________________________ (他把自己当成专家) although he knows a lot

aboutthe field.

84. He doesn't appreciate the sacrifice his friends have made for

him,______________________________ (把他们所做的视作理所当然).

85. Janet told me that she would rather her mother ______________________________ (不干涉她的

婚姻).

86. To keep up with the expanding frontiers of scholarship, Edward Wilson found

himself______________________________ (经常上网查找信息).

2011年12月大学英语六级真题答案

快速阅读

1. Google claims its plan for the world’s biggest online library is _____

【答案】B. to serve the interest of the general public

2. According to Santiago de la Mora, Google’s book-scanning project will

【答案】B. broaden humanity’s intellectual horizons

3. Opponents of Google Books believe that digitally archiving the world's books should be

controlledby_______.

【答案】C. non-profit organizations

4.【答案】D. the copyright of the books it scanned

5. 【答案】B. the online display of in-copyright books is not for commercial use

6.【答案】B. It was settle after more than two years of negotiation.

7. 【答案】D. The commercial provision of the settlement

本文来源：https://www.bwwdw.com/article/cmoq.html