1钻孔灌注桩施工技术方案1

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Manipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special conditions set for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of industrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of consolidation, understand has some usually didn't opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of industrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can still successfully complete like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of \n the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the robot begand

第一节工程概况

第二节设备、人员、材料情况及运到施工现场的方法第三节施工组织机构第四节第五节第六节第七节第八节第九节第十节

manipulator control mode and programmable controllers introduction 2.1 Select discussion with manipulator control 2.1.1 classification of control relays and discrete ele(DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Logical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the three technologies of origins and devthe switch controlling the running order of functions. Marked by the microprocessor in the early 1970 of the 20th century emerged, micro-electronics technology has developed ra工程施工方案施工技术要求施工进度计划

确保工程质量和工期的措施雨季的施工安排质量、安全保证体系文明施工、环境保护

d industrial equipment, but also more common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industrial equipment. So he can see them now, however these two control modes (relay and discrete electronic circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2) only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reforming the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of China's modern industrial automation technology the substantial increase in the level of industrial automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In terms of controlling the computer showed his two great advantages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) the official designer of the software writing content control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industrial automation can often be seen in three ways: (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Distributed Control System processing makes it invented the computer. The men brought in terms of hardware there, using a high level of standardization, can use more compatibility tools, is a rich software resources, especially the need for immediacy in operational systems. So the computer can effectively control is used to control and meet its speed, on the virtual model, real-time and in computational requirements. Distributed system started with a control system for industrial automatic instrument used to control, whereas now it is successfully developed into industrial control computer used as a central collection and distribution system and transition of distributed control system in analogue handling, loop control, has begun to reflect the use of a huge advantage. Though distributed system has great advantages in loop regulation, but only as a means of continuous process control. Optimization of PLC is the corresponding relay needs was born, its main use in the work order control, early primary is replaced relay this hulking system, focused on oelectronics processing technology will be used in the Programmable Logical Controller (that is ctronic circuit can control olelopment requirements for fast data pidly, people soon micrManipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special conditions set for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of industrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of consolidation, understand has some usually didn't opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of industrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can still successfully complete like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of \n the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the robot begand 钻孔灌注桩施工组织设计

一、工程概况

扶项高速公路起于扶沟县与通许县交界处坡孙村东北侧，北接开封至周口高速公路开封至通许路段，路线全长共91.04KM。其中，由我公司承建的第3合同段路线长12.4Km，起止桩号分别为K24+400-K36+800，全线桥梁结构共设中桥2座、互通式立交1处、分离式立交3座、天桥4座。桥梁基础采用钻孔灌注桩。

㈠、钻孔灌注桩的类型

根据设计，我标段桥梁钻孔灌注桩为摩擦桩，桩径有1.2m、1.5m、2.0m三种。其中直径1.2m钻孔灌注桩140根，合计4336m；直径1.5m钻孔灌注桩69根，合计2698m；直径2m钻孔灌注桩6根，合计238m。具体分布如下： 1、中桥

K27+092大新排沟中桥，直径1.2m钻孔灌注桩24根，合计624m。 K29+733黄水沟中桥，直径1.2m钻孔灌注桩16根，合计536m。 2、互通式立交

K27+802扶沟互通式立交被交道桥，直径1.5m钻孔灌注桩35根，合计1192m。 K28+200扶沟互通式立交匝道桥，直径1.2m钻孔灌注桩20根，合计688m，直径1.5m钻孔灌注桩10根，合计306m。 3、分离式立交

K27+333神郸铁路分离式立交，直径1.5m钻孔灌注桩24根，合计768m。 K28+913毛庄通道桥，直径1.2m钻孔灌注桩20根，合计548m。K32+232沙洼通道桥，直径1.2m钻孔灌注桩20根，合计572m。 4、天桥

K24+668，直径1.2m钻孔灌注桩8根，合计240m；直径2m钻孔灌注桩3根，合计116m。

manipulator control mode and programmable controllers introduction 2.1 Select discussion with manipulator control 2.1.1 classification of control relays and discrete electronic circuit can control old industrial equipment, but also more common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industrial equipment. So he can see them now, however these two control modes (relay and discrete electronic circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2) only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reforming the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of China's modern industrial automation technology the substantial increase in the level of industrial automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In terms of controlling the computer showed his two great advantages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) the official designer of the software writing content control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industrial automation can often be seen in three ways: (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Distributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Logical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements for fast data processing makes it invented the computer. The men brought in terms of hardware there, using a high level of standardization, can use more compatibility tools, is a rich software resources, especially the need for immediacy in operational systems. So the computer can effectively control is used to control and meet its speed, on the virtual model, real-time and in computational requirements. Distributed system started with a control system for industrial automatic instrument used to control, whereas now it is successfully developed into industrial control computer used as a central collection and distribution system and transition of distributed control system in analogue handling, loop control, has begun to reflect the use of a huge advantage. Though distributed system has great advantages in loop regulation, but only as a means of continuous process control. Optimization of PLC is the corresponding relay needs was born, its main use in the work order control, early primary is replaced relay this hulking system, focused on the switch controlling the running order of functions. Marked by the microprocessor in the early 1970 of the 20th century emerged, micro-electronics technology has developed rapidly, people soon microelectronics processing technology will be used in the Programmable Logical Controller (that isManipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special conditions set for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of industrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of consolidation, understand has some usually didn't opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of industrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can still successfully complete like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of \n the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the robot begand K26+025，直径1.2m钻孔灌注桩8根，合计240m；直径1.2m钻孔灌注桩4根，合计192m。

K29+810，直径1.2m钻孔灌注桩8根，合计264m；直径2m钻孔灌注桩3根，合计122m。

K34+275，直径1.2m钻孔灌注桩12根，合计432m。㈡、工程特点

根据设计图纸的勘察结果，工程地质情况为：地层大部均属第四系全新统，为黄河泛滥沉积，且厚度较大，上层土质松软，含水量大，工程性质较差，下部土层多为中密-密实状粉细砂或中细砂，局部为硬塑-软塑状粘性土，土层结构较致密，工程性质较好。基本为亚砂土、亚粘土、中砂、细砂等地层的组合。因此，本单项工程的特点是：

1、作业点多、分布广。 2、地质条件差、易塌孔。

3、工序连续性强，施工组织要严密。 4、风险大，施工中要有紧急预备措施。

5、外部条件对施工环境、施工安全的影响因素较多，施工中要加强管理，并且管理要严格。

二、设备、人员、材料情况及运到施工现场的方法

本工程采用正反循环钻机成孔进行钻孔灌注桩的施工。其设备、人员、材料情况及运到施工现场的方法如下：

㈠、设备

成孔设备采用正反循环钻机。辅助设备为发电机及材料运输设备等，拟定投入钻机16台，分四个队。设备采用汽车运输到现场。

其中桩基一队配备钻机2台，负责许楼、许湾2座天桥；

㈡、人员

本工程按均衡法平行施工，每队设主管技术人员一名；每台桩机又设机长一名，操作人员6名。具体见下图。技术主管：李国华技术主管：卿志银技术主管：李晨钟技术主管：吕顺强项目副经理：孙学砼一号拌和站钢筋笼制作一队钢筋笼制作二队钻机一队钻机二队钻机三队砼二号拌和站钢筋笼制作三队钻机一队钻孔灌注桩9个施工作业队。各队人员分配情况如下：

桩基一队14人，桩基二队28人，桩基三队28人，桩基四队42人，砼一号拌和站20人，砼二号拌和站20人，钢筋笼制作一队20人，钢筋笼制作二队20人，钢筋笼制作三队20人。总计配备人员212人。

材料业务由专人主管，做好材料计划，积极开拓货源，落实材料货源及原材的检验工作，保证材料质量，根据现场考察情况,各种材料采用汽运的方式运到施工现场。

钻孔灌注桩施工用主要材料为钢筋、水泥、砂石料等，现在主要材料已经全部落实到位。有关原材料的试验检测和配合比设计报告附后。三、施工组织机构

㈠、施工组织机构、人员

我项目选派具有类似工程施工经验的施工管理人员和技术人员组建“钻孔灌注桩作业队”，按照我公司操作层管理法组成矩阵式管理体系，实行项目经理全权负责制，全面开展作业。施工组织机构框图见下图：

项目副经理具体组织实施，项目总工程师和项目其他职能部门提供技术、材料、交通安全保证，钻孔灌注桩作业队按照《实施性施工组织设计》和业主、质检站、监理要求全面负责工作。

㈡、工作机制及职责分工 1、项目经理

⑴、按照《实施性施工组织设计》和业主、质检站、监理要求，全面具体地组织钻孔灌注桩作业组的施工、计划和经营等工作，满足业主的合同要求。

⑵、制定项目经营管理目标和创优规划，建立完整的管理体系，保证既定目标的实现。

⑶、组织精干高效、责任到位的项目管理系统，搞好作业组的设置、人员挑选、具体职能划分。

⑷、科学组织施工，及时正确地组织作出钻孔灌注桩作业组的施工方案、施工进度计划、施工技术措施、各类施工资源的调配方案，提出合理化建议与设计变更等重要决策。

⑹、沟通项目内外联系渠道，及时妥善处理好内外关系。

⑺、接受建设单位和上级业务部门的检查、监督和指导，及时向建设单位及相关上级业务主管部门汇报工作。

⑻、参与质量事故的调查处理，组织落实纠正和预防措施，并有权对事故直接责任人进行经济处罚。

2、项目总工程师

⑴、主管项目工程部，提供技术保证，对工程质量负责。 ⑵、负责有关施工技术规范的有效实施。

⑶、主持编制钻孔灌注桩实施方案，并及时检查、监督和落实。积极推广应用“四新”科技成果和工法。

⑷、协助项目经理与建设单位、设计、监理的配合，保证工程进度、质量、安全、成本控制目标的实现。

⑸、组织指定质量保证措施，掌握质量现状，对施工中存在的质量问题，组织有关人员攻关、分析原因，制定整改措施和处理方案，并责成有关人员限期改进。

⑹、组织定期工程质量检查和质量评定，领导有关人员进行QC小组攻关活动和创优活动，搞好现场质量控制。

⑺、根据现场实际情况，积极进行设计优化，协助项目经理制定保证工程成本不突破报价的主要措施并组织落实。

⑻、组织制定质量通病的预防措施，组织质量事故的调查处理，原因分析及制定整改措施。

3、项目副经理

⑴、配合项目经理具体组织施工，提出合理化建议与设计变更等重要决策。并对

⑵、负责施工现场的管理，包括施工机具、人员及材料。

⑶、具体执行项目经理部制定的施工方案、进度计划、重大技术措施和资源调配方案等。

4、钻孔灌注桩操作队

⑴、由项目副经理领导，负责工程项目的施工过程控制和现场指导，制定施工技术管理办法。

⑵、负责工程项目的施工组织设计及调度、勘察、提供征地拆迁建议，参加技术交底、过程监控，解决施工技术疑难问题。参与编制竣工资料和进行技术总结，组织实施竣工工程保修和后期服务。

⑶、组织推广新技术、新工艺、新设备、新材料，努力开发新成果。 ⑷、参加验工计价，并对合格产品进行量测计量。

综合办公室工程部机械部经营部材料部人财部质检组工地试验室技术室测量队钻孔各队钢筋制作各队砼拌和运输各队 ⑸、依据单位质量方针和目标，制定质量管理工作规划，负责质量综合管理，行使技术指导和质量监督职能。

⑹、负责全面质量管理，组织工程项目的QC小组活动。

⑺、现场作业队必须加强工作责任心，爱岗敬业，提高质量管理水平和施工操作能力，按钻孔灌注桩施工工艺完成施工。负责对原材料、半成品或成品的质量进行检查，制止不合格材料、半成品或成品用于工程实体中。

⑻、现场作业队认真做好施工现场质量把关工作，对施工过程中的工程质量进行有效的控制，尤其对关键工序更要采取合理的方案和措施，以保证工程质量。负责对

manipulator control mode and programmable controllers introduction 2.1 Select discussion with manipulator control 2.1.1 classification of control relays and discrete electronic circuit can control old industrial equipment, but also more common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industrial equipment. So he can see them now, however these two control modes (relay and discrete electronic circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2) only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reforming the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of China's modern industrial automation technology the substantial increase in the level of industrial automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In terms of controlling the computer showed his two great advantages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) the official designer of the software writing content control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industrial automation can often be seen in three ways: (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Distributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Logical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements for fast data processing makes it invented the computer. The men brought in terms of hardware there, using a high level of standardization, can use more compatibility tools, is a rich software resources, especially the need for immediacy in operational systems. So the computer can effectively control is used to control and meet its speed, on the virtual model, real-time and in computational requirements. Distributed system started with a control system for industrial automatic instrument used to control, whereas now it is successfully developed into industrial control computer used as a central collection and distribution system and transition of distributed control system in analogue handling, loop control, has begun to reflect the use of a huge advantage. Though distributed system has great advantages in loop regulation, but only as a means of continuous process control. Optimization of PLC is the corresponding relay needs was born, its main use in the work order control, early primary is replaced relay this hulking system, focused on the switch controlling the running order of functions. Marked by the microprocessor in the early 1970 of the 20th century emerged, micro-electronics technology has developed rapidly, people soon microelectronics processing technology will be used in the Programmable Logical Controller (that isManipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special conditions set for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of industrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of consolidation, understand has some usually didn't opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of industrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can still successfully complete like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of \n the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the robot begand 已完工程进行自检，自检合格后要及时向监理工程师报验。

⑼、严格按规范要求组织施工，纠正违章操作，发现和及时处理质量问题，超出本人处理权限的要及时上报。认真填写施工日志，详细记录工程质量状况和有关质量信息，发现质量隐患和质量缺陷要及时上报。四、工程施工方案

本工程施工形式为陆地钻孔灌注桩施工。施工工艺框图见下图。

施工工艺框图

钻孔灌注桩施工工艺框图

平整场地或搭设平台桩位放样埋设护筒现场检查钻孔钻孔记录

成孔检查清孔安设钢筋笼钢筋笼制作

导管制作及检查安设导管水密试验 manipulator control mode and programmable controllers introduction 2.1 Select discussion with manipulator control 2.1.1 classification of control relays and discrete electronic circuit can control old industrial equipment, but also more common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industrial equipment. So he can see them now, however these two control modes (relay and discrete electronic circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2) only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reforming the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of China's modern industrial automation technology the substantial increase in the level of industrial automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In terms of controlling the computer showed his two great advantages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) the official designer of the software writing content control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industrial automation can often be seen in three ways: (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Distributed (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Logical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements for fast data processing makes it invented the computer. The men brought in terms of hardware there, using a high level of standardization, can use more compatibility tools, is a rich software resources, especially the need for immediacy in operational systems. So the computer can effectively control is used to control and meet its speed, on the virtual model, real-time and in computational requirements. Distributed system started with a control system for industrial automatic instrument used to control, whereas now it is successfully developed into industrial control computer used as a central collection and distribution system and transition of distributed control system in analogue handling, loop control, has begun to reflect the use of a huge advantage. Though distributed system has great advantages in loop regulation, but only as a means of continuous process control. Optimization of PLC is the corresponding relay needs was born, its main use in the work order control, eathe switch controlling the running order of functions. Marked by the microprocessor in the early 1970 of the 20th century emerged, micro-electronics technology has developed rapidly, people soon microelectronics processing technology will be used in the Programmable Logical

Control System s hulking system, focused on oller (that is9

rly primary is replaced relay thiContrManipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special conditions set for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of industrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of consolidation, understand has some usually didn't opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of industrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can still successfully complete like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of \n the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the robot begand 灌注记录灌注水下砼砼拌和运输拆除护筒试块制作

钻机移位试块检测

破桩头验收

钻孔灌注桩的施工方法㈠、钻孔前的准备工作

1、测量仪器在使用前进行检验、校正。对路线的导线、中线、水准点等进行复测，发现问题及时查明原因并处理。全面检查恢复道路中心桩并用坐标法放出桩的精确坐标，并在桩位周围布设护桩。

2、现场施工便道要通畅，各桩位都能保证混凝土顺利到达孔口。

3、施工前，机械设备要进行调试，保证在施工时能正常运转，确保施工能按照计划顺利进行。

4、钻孔灌注桩施工前，现场技术员应向工段和班组长进行书面技术交底，内容包括施工方法、技术数据、质量与安全措施等。

5、钻孔灌注桩施工前要进行泥浆的制备。现将泥浆的有关问题说明如下： ⑴、泥浆用外购粘土造浆，储浆池储备待用。

⑵、调制泥浆的粘土要选用高塑性粘土，塑性指数不宜小于15。

⑶、陆上钻孔桩泥浆池按“集中取近”的原则进行布置，泥浆池及蓄浆池，50m左右放置一个。

⑸、泥浆沉淀池中的钻渣要及时清除，用砂石泵抽到指定的弃置点。 ⑹、废浆的处理以不污染环境为原则进行处理，弃置指定的地点。㈡、护筒的埋设

本工程有3种规格的钻孔灌注桩，施工中根据桩的直径选择护筒的规格。设置原则为：护筒的内径宜比桩径大200---400mm，护筒中心线应与桩中心线相重合。

1、护筒的埋设：入土深度在2-4米，施工过程如遇特殊地质情况应将护筒加深埋设以保证钻孔和灌注混凝土的顺利进行。埋设时护筒顶端高出地面30cm。

2、陆地桩采用人工挖埋的方法进行护筒的埋设。护筒底部和四周所填粘质土必须分层夯实。

3、护筒埋设质量要求：平面位置偏差不得大于5cm、倾斜度偏差不得大于1%。㈢、钻孔 1、钻机就位

桩点的平面定位采用坐标法。钻机就位前，首先依桩位对钻机座落处的平台进行加固，然后架设钻机使钻杆中心对准桩中心。钻机布设时，考虑相邻两钻机的位置，使其对5m以内新浇砼没有干扰。

2、钻进

桩位处地质情况主要为亚粘土、亚砂土、中砂、细砂。钻孔灌注桩成孔方法采用反循环法施工。钻孔时，先将钻具装妥浸入护筒水中，通过启动真空泵和泥浆泵，待反循环流动形成后，启动钻机并选择适当档位驱动钻杆顺时针回转，开始钻进。

3、钻孔质量要求及控制措施

⑴开钻时先缓慢进尺，并及时检查和纠正钻头的偏位，待钻锥全部进入土层后，钻机方可加速钻进。钻孔过程中严格控制好泥浆比重，注意地层变化情况。在地层情

⑵钻孔过程中要不断地补充优质粘土所造泥浆进行护壁。在钻孔阶段应注意始终保持孔内水位高过护筒底口0.5m以上，同时孔内水位高度应大于地下水位1m以上。

⑶在钻孔过程中随时检查钻杆垂直度和钻头的平面位置，防止偏孔或斜孔现象的发生。为防止污染,泥浆、废土采用集中堆放统一处理的办法。

㈣、钢筋的制作和安装 1、钢筋的有关规定：

⑴. 本工程钢筋施工执行GB50204-92《混凝土结构工程施工及验收规范》及设计文件的有关规定。

⑵. 本工程所使用的钢筋质量必须分别符合国家标准GB1499-98《钢筋混凝土热轧带肋钢筋》、GB13013-91《钢筋混凝土热轧光圆钢筋》、GB13014-91《钢筋混凝土热处理钢筋》、GB701-97《低碳钢热轧圆盘条》等有关规定，不符合上述标准的钢筋一律不准使用。

⑶．所有进场钢筋均应有出厂质量证明书或试验报告单，每捆钢筋均有标牌。进场时应按炉罐号及直径分批验收。

⑷．所有已进场钢筋均应在监理的监督下，按规范规定进行抽样，对钢筋的力学性能、可焊性进行试验，如发现脆断、焊接性不良或力学性能显著不正常时要进行化学成份分析或其他专项试验，其钢筋性能符合规范及设计要求后方可投入使用。

⑸．进场钢筋应按规格、型号、批号分开堆放，钢筋下应用方木或砼墩架空，避免被水淹没或被油污染。并应挂牌标识，注明钢筋的规格、型号、批号、检验状态，以便识别。

⑹．严禁使用钢筋表面有裂缝、结疤、折叠、带有颗粒状或片状老锈的钢筋。

manipulator control mode and programmable controllers introduction 2.1 Select discussion with manipulator control 2.1.1 classification of control relays and discrete electronic circuit can control old industrial equipment, but also more common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industrial equipment. So he can see them now, however these two control modes (relay and discrete electronic circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2) only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reforming the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of China's modern industrial automation technology the substantial increase in the level of industrial automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In terms of controlling the computer showed his two great advantages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) the official designer of the software writing content control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industrial automation can often be seen in three ways: (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Distributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Logical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements for fast data processing makes it invented the computer. The men brought in terms of hardware there, using a high level of standardization, can use more compatibility tools, is a rich software resources, especially the need for immediacy in operational systems. So the computer can effectively control is used to control and meet its speed, on the virtual model, real-time and in computational requirements. Distributed system started with a control system for industrial automatic instrument used to control, whereas now it is successfully developed into industrial control computer used as a central collection and distribution system and transition of distributed control system in analogue handling, loop control, has begun to reflect the use of a huge advantage. Though distributed system has great advantages in loop regulation, but only as a means of continuous process control. Optimization of PLC is the corresponding relay needs was born, its main use in the work order control, early primary is replaced relay this hulking system, focused on the switch controlling the running order of functions. Marked by the microprocessor in the early 1970 of the 20th century emerged, micro-electronics technology has developed rapidly, people soon microelectronics processing technology will be used in the Programmable Logical Controller (that isManipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special conditions set for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of industrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of consolidation, understand has some usually didn't opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of industrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can still successfully complete like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of \n the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the robot begand 对一切不合格的钢筋及时清理退场，并作好记录存档。 2、钢筋的加工

考虑到钻孔灌注桩的桩长和吊车的起吊能力，钢筋笼须分节预制并在井口逐节焊接牢固。实际情况为钢筋笼分两节制作，孔口焊接，制作采用支架成型法。首先按加劲箍筋直径制作好弧型托架，并将托架固定于地面，然后将按设计尺寸加工好的加劲箍圈固定于托架上并标出主筋的位置，最后将主筋点焊于加劲箍上并绑扎螺旋筋。同一截面内有接头的钢筋面积不得超过钢筋总面积的50%，不同焊接钢筋断面间距不小于100cm。要注意钢筋笼的加强箍与主筋焊牢，以确保钢筋笼成形尺寸。钢筋笼保护层设置按设计频率布置。 3、钢筋笼的运输

结合桩位、场地，钢筋笼集中加工用平车运输至桩位附近。钢筋笼吊装采用三点起吊法（以防止钢筋笼在立起过程中变形），直接入孔就位。钢筋笼上端焊接4根φ25吊环，吊于井口支架上，支架的作用是使钢筋笼定位，以防提升导管时钢筋笼被拔起。

4、焊接质量要求

钢筋笼分节对接采用双面帮条焊。焊缝长度不少于5倍直径。主钢筋接头根数在1米范围内不超过50%，钢筋笼笼体应牢固，在顶部、中部、底部加力筋处设置垫块，以使钢筋有足够的保护层。钢筋笼底面高程误差控制在±50mm,中心偏位不超过50mm。

㈤、清孔

钻孔达到设计深度，用检孔器检测孔深、孔径、倾斜度等项指标，合格后清孔。清孔采用抽浆稀释法。即在终孔后停止进尺，利用钻机的反循环系统的泥浆泵持续吸渣，利用泥浆在流动时所具有的动能冲击桩孔底部的沉渣，使沉渣中的岩粒、砂粒等处于悬浮状态，再利用泥浆胶体的粘结力使悬浮着的沉渣随着泥浆的循环流动被带出桩孔，最终将桩孔内的沉渣清干净，同时流入钻孔中的是流经沉淀池后的比重较

清孔质量要求：

1、清孔后泥浆比重应控制在1.06～1.10之间，粘度17-20PA.S，含砂率≤2%；清孔过程中注意及时往孔内补充足够的稀浆或清水；清孔完毕，尽快吊放钢筋笼。

2、在钢筋笼和导管安放完成后，重新检测孔底沉淀。如果沉淀超过设计要求，则利用导管进行二次清孔。检测泥浆和孔深符合要求后，安装漏斗，进行水下混凝土灌注。孔底沉淀厚度的检测方法采用孔深检测法。即钻孔灌注桩钻进的深度与清孔后量测的孔深之差即为沉淀厚度。沉淀厚度应满足成孔质量检查标准中的要求。用测绳系以线锥进行测量。

㈥、成孔质量检查标准

项目孔的中心位置（mm）孔径（mm）倾斜度孔深允许偏差 50 不小于设计桩径小于1% 不小于设计规定小于设计要求，当设计无要求时，沉淀厚度（mm）对于直径≤1.5m的桩，≤300mm；对桩径>1.5m或桩长>40m或土质较差的桩，≤500mm。泥浆相对密度：1.03-1.10;粘度清孔后泥浆指标 17-20Pa.s；含砂率小于2%；胶体率大于98%。

㈦、水下砼灌注

砼灌注前，应检测孔底泥浆沉淀厚度，合格后灌注水下砼（不合格重新清孔）。水下砼灌注采用直升导管法，导管采用内径为25cm、壁厚4mm的钢管组成，管节间的

manipulator control mode and programmable controllers introduction 2.1 Select discussion with manipulator control 2.1.1 classification of control relays and discrete electronic circuit can control old industrial equipment, but also more common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industrial equipment. So he can see them now, however these two control modes (relay and discrete electronic circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2) only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reforming the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of China's modern industrial automation technology the substantial increase in the level of industrial automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In terms of controlling the computer showed his two great advantages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) the official designer of the software writing content control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industrial automation can often be seen in three ways: (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Distributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Logical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements for fast data processing makes it invented the computer. The men brought in terms of hardware there, using a high level of standardization, can use more compatibility tools, is a rich software resources, especially the need for immediacy in operational systems. So the computer can effectively control is used to control and meet its speed, on the virtual model, real-time and in computational requirements. Distributed system started with a control system for industrial automatic instrument used to control, whereas now it is successfully developed into industrial control computer used as a central collection and distribution system and transition of distributed control system in analogue handling, loop control, has begun to reflect the use of a huge advantage. Though distributed system has great advantages in loop regulation, but only as a means of continuous process control. Optimization of PLC is the corresponding relay needs was born, its main use in the work order control, early primary is replaced relay this hulking system, focused on the switch controlling the running order of functions. Marked by the microprocessor in the early 1970 of the 20th century emerged, micro-electronics technology has developed rapidly, people soon microelectronics processing technology will be used in the Programmable Logical Controller (that isManipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special conditions set for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of industrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of consolidation, understand has some usually didn't opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of industrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can still successfully complete like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of \n the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the robot begand 连接采用装有橡胶垫圈的法兰盘连接，管节的制作第一节为6m，其余管节长为2m、1m、0.5m便于不同桩长的拼装。砼采用混凝土罐车运输，直接将砼倒入漏斗内，吊车配合灌注。

1、首批混凝土灌入量的控制：第一批砼用量按下式计算：

V= Hc*πD2/4+h1*πd2*/4

式中：V---漏斗和储料斗容量（m3）

h1---孔内砼高度达到Hc时导管内砼柱与导管外水压平衡所需高度（米）； h1=Hwγw/γ

Hc---钻孔初次灌注需要的砼面至孔底的高度，即导管初次埋深H2与桩孔底至导管底端间距H1之和。 h2至少为1米，

h3为导管底端距孔底的高度一般为0.4 米。 Hw---孔内水面至初次灌注需要的砼面高度（米）。 D---钻孔直径（米）。 d----导管直径（米）。

γw----孔内泥浆的容重（吨/米3）。 γc----砼的容重（吨/米3）。

施工中根据灌注桩的孔径、桩长确定初次灌注混凝土时的灌入量，由此数量确定所选用的储料斗。

计算后的首批混凝土浇注量如下： 1.2m小桩

集料斗容量（m） 3项目桩径 3Φ120 Φ150 Φ200 4.49-4.50 说明：直径钻孔灌注桩最长23m，最大桩

首批砼所需数量（m） 1.64-1.69 2.54-2.56 2 3 5 the switch controlling the running order of functions. Marked by the microprocessor in the early 1970 of the 20th century emerged, micro-electronics technology has developed rapidly, people soon microelectronics processing technology will be used in the Programmable Logical Controller (that ismanipulator control mode and programmable controllers introduction 2.1 Select discussion with manipulator control 2.1.1 classification of control relays and discrete electronic circuit can control old industrial equipment, but also more common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industrial equipment. So he can see them now, however these two control modes (relay and discrete electronic circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2) only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reforming the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of China's modern industrial automation technology the substantial increase in the level of industrial automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In terms of controlling the computer showed his two great advantages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) the official designer of the software writing content control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industrial automation can often be seen in three ways: (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Distributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Logical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements for fast data processing makes it invented the computer. The men brought in terms of hardware there, using a high level of standardization, can use more compatibility tools, is a rich software resources, especially the need for immediacy in operational systems. So the computer can effectively control is used to control and meet its speed, on the virtual model, real-time and in computational requirements. Distributed system started with a control system for industrial automatic instrument used to control, whereas now it is successfully developed into industrial control computer used as a central collection and distribution system and transition of distributed control system in analogue handling, loop control, has begun to reflect the use of a huge advantage. Though distributed system has great advantages in loop regulation, but only as a means of continuous process control. Optimization of PLC is the corresponding relay needs was born, its main use in the work order control, early primary is replaced relay this hulking system, focused on

2.导管提升及埋升控制

灌注水下砼时，应经常探测孔内砼面高度，以控制导管埋深，如控制不准，将造成导管拔漏、导管埋置过深拔不出来或断桩事故。因此测深是一项重要工作，应采用较为准确的方法和探测工具。施工中拟采用重锤探测法，用测绳系以重锤，放入孔中，凭探测者手中所提测锤在砼顶面以前与接触砼顶面以后不同重量的感觉而判断。导管埋深应控制在2-4米时较好。在任何情况下，不得少于1米或大于6米。防止出现拔导管时拔漏或拔不出来。拔管前须仔细测探测砼面深度。用测锤测深时，须由两人用两个测锤测探，防止误测。

3、砼浇注高度控制

灌注桩的砼顶面高出设计高程不小于500mm,以保证桩头砼的质量。砼灌注完成后，挖除护筒。五、施工技术要求

1、砼坍落度控制在18～22厘米。在灌注过程中，随时测量和记录孔内砼标高，计算导管埋置深度，一般不小于2m，不大于6m。

2、在灌注砼开始时，导管底部至孔底应有250～400㎜的空间。导管内水面以上用隔水塞密封，漏斗砼储满后，打开悬挂铁丝，在漏斗砼泄入导管的同时，罐车内砼迅速放入漏斗，以确保管端部的砼封底成功。

3、首批砼灌注正常后应连续不断灌注砼，严禁中途停工，在灌注过程中，应经常用测锤探测砼面的上升高度，并适时提升，逐级拆卸导管，保持导管的合理埋深。

4、砼灌注时间必须控制在埋入导管中的砼不丧失流动性的时间内，必要时可掺入适量缓凝剂。砼的最终灌注标高要求高出设计标高不少于50厘米。

5、钻孔桩施工，应填写钻孔记录、钻孔桩终孔后灌注砼前检查记录、钻孔桩钢

manipulator control mode and programmable controllers introduction 2.1 Select discussion with manipulator control 2.1.1 classification of control relays and discrete electronic circuit can control old industrial equipment, but also more common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industrial equipment. So he can see them now, however these two control modes (relay and discrete electronic circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2) only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reforming the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of China's modern industrial automation technology the substantial increase in the level of industrial automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In terms of controlling the computer showed his two great advantages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) the official designer of the software writing content control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industrial automation can often be seen in three ways: (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Distributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Logical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements for fast data processing makes it invented the computer. The men brought in terms of hardware there, using a high level of standardization, can use more compatibility tools, is a rich software resources, especially the need for immediacy in operational systems. So the computer can effectively control is used to control and meet its speed, on the virtual model, real-time and in computational requirements. Distributed system started with a control system for industrial automatic instrument used to control, whereas now it is successfully developed into industrial control computer used as a central collection and distribution system and transition of distributed control system in analogue handling, loop control, has begun to reflect the use of a huge advantage. Though distributed system has great advantages in loop regulation, but only as a means of continuous process control. Optimization of PLC is the corresponding relay needs was born, its main use in the work order control, early primary is replaced relay this hulking system, focused on the switch controlling the running order of functions. Marked by the microprocessor in the early 1970 of the 20th century emerged, micro-electronics technology has developed rapidly, people soon microelectronics processing technology will be used in the Programmable Logical Controller (that isManipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special conditions set for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of industrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of consolidation, understand has some usually didn't opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of industrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can still successfully complete like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of \n the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the robot begand 筋检查记录、水下砼灌注记录及成桩质检报告单。所有报告单均需工程师签认。

6、钻孔灌注桩施工中防止塌孔措施：

⑴、在开始钻孔桩施工前，对陆地钻孔桩桩位处采取清除杂物、换除软土、整体夯实方法对钻机的作业面进行处理，以确保护筒周边土质不宜松动，满足施工载荷的要求。

⑵、钻孔桩施工时钻孔内的水头压力要满足施工要求，而不至于产生孔内坍塌。

⑶、根据设计图纸及勘察结果，桥位处地质情况为：上层土质松软，含水量大，工程性质较差，下部土层多为中密-密实状粉细砂或中细砂，局部为硬塑-软塑状粘性土。钻孔桩施工过程中如控制不好，易塌孔，因此成孔时泥浆的相对密度应控制为为1.06~1.10为宜。施工中应根据地层情况适时调整泥浆比重。

⑷、钻孔桩在施工过程中，在硬粘性土层中，宜用低速钻进、自由进尺；在普通粘土中，宜采用高速钻进、自由进尺；在砂土中，宜用低中速钻进、控制进尺，防止排清速度跟不上。

⑸、保证向钻孔内连续补充泥浆，维持护筒内应有的水头，防止孔壁坍塌，要配备相配套的泥浆泵，以确保泥浆供应的连续。

⑹、在吊放钢筋骨架时产生的坍塌，主要是由于地面指挥或吊车司机操作不当造成吊放时垂直度不好造成的。为此，在吊放钢筋笼骨架时应作到指挥协调，吊机操作要熟练，配备足够的人员现场辅助，避免碰撞护筒或孔壁。

7、钻孔灌注桩施工中防止钢筋笼上浮措施：

⑴、为防止钢筋笼骨架上浮，在钢筋笼顶端用4~8根钢管套在钢筋笼的主筋上，采用反压阻止其上浮，上口钢筋笼主筋四周与护筒用钢筋焊牢，保证对中。

⑵、钻孔桩灌注砼时，要根据孔深、孔径等计算出首批砼所需的数量，施工中正确操作，浇筑过程必须连续作业，下料要均匀，不要过猛，确保砼均匀上升，以减少砼对钢筋笼骨架的上浮力。

根据扶项高速公路有限公司[2004]15号通知附件、现场调查资料及本地区水文、气候情况、工程总体施工计划、2004年度施工计划拟投入的人员、机械设备，我项目计划钻孔灌注桩施工工期安排为38天，即2004年4月24日---2004年5月31日。

钻孔灌注桩施工工期的安排是在充分考虑了各钻孔灌注桩作业队施工机械的配备的情况下制定出来的。施工中加强组织协调，提前预见施工中可能存在的情况，制定应急措施，保证施工的正常进行。

施工进度具体安排及协调情况㈠、各桩基施工队具体工期安排

1、桩基一队配备钻机2台，负责许楼、许湾2座天桥，共有直径1.2m的钻孔灌注桩20根672m、直径2m的钻孔灌注桩3根116m。考虑到我合同段地质情况较差，钻进速度按1m/h控制，计划2004年5月1日开工，5月21日完工，钻孔灌注桩施工总工期21天。

2、桩基二队配备钻机4台，大新排沟中桥和神郸铁路分离式立交，共有直径1.2m的钻孔灌注桩24根624m、直径1.5m的钻孔灌注桩24根768m。考虑到我合同段地质情况较差，钻进速度按 1m/h控制，计划2004年4月27日开工，5月15日完工，钻孔灌注桩施工总工期19天。

3、桩基三队配备钻机4台，负责扶沟互通区2座分离式立交桥和毛庄通道桥，共有直径1.2m的钻孔灌注桩40根1236m、直径1.5m的钻孔灌注桩45根1498m。考虑到我合同段地质情况较差，钻进速度按 1m/h控制，计划2004年4月24日开工，5月25日完工，钻孔灌注桩施工总工期31天。

4、桩基四队配备钻机6台，负责黄水沟中桥、沙洼通道桥、菜园和冢子扬天桥，

manipulator control mode and programmable controllers introduction 2.1 Select discussion with manipulator control 2.1.1 classification of control relays and discrete electronic circuit can control old industrial equipment, but also more common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industrial equipment. So he can see them now, however these two control modes (relay and discrete electronic circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2) only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reforming the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of China's modern industrial automation technology the substantial increase in the level of industrial automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In terms of controlling the computer showed his two great advantages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) the official designer of the software writing content control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industrial automation can often be seen in three ways: (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Distributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Logical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements for fast data processing makes it invented the computer. The men brought in terms of hardware there, using a high level of standardization, can use more compatibility tools, is a rich software resources, especially the need for immediacy in operational systems. So the computer can effectively control is used to control and meet its speed, on the virtual model, real-time and in computational requirements. Distributed system started with a control system for industrial automatic instrument used to control, whereas now it is successfully developed into industrial control computer used as a central collection and distribution system and transition of distributed control system in analogue handling, loop control, has begun to reflect the use of a huge advantage. Though distributed system has great advantages in loop regulation, but only as a means of continuous process control. Optimization of PLC is the corresponding relay needs was born, its main use in the work order control, early primary is replaced relay this hulking system, focused on the switch controlling the running order of functions. Marked by the microprocessor in the early 1970 of the 20th century emerged, micro-electronics technology has developed rapidly, people soon microelectronics processing technology will be used in the Programmable Logical Controller (that isManipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special conditions set for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of industrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of consolidation, understand has some usually didn't opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of industrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can still successfully complete like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of \n the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the robot begand 共有直径1.2m的钻孔灌注桩56根1804m、直径2m的钻孔灌注桩3根122m。考虑到我合同段地质情况较差，钻进速度按 1m/h控制，计划2004年5月1日开工，5月30日完工，钻孔灌注桩施工总工期30天。

工期安排详见施工进度计划横道图。㈡、工序协调情况

1、考虑到桩基一队和桩基二队施工任务相对较轻，桩基一队和桩基二队钻孔灌注桩施工完成后，项目部对施工力量将做统一调配。安排施工力量支援桩基三队和桩基四队的施工。

2、对工程中可能出现的混凝土供应不足的情况，项目部将对2个混凝土拌和设备进行统一协调安排，必要时进行统一集中供应同一处钻孔灌注桩的施工。

3、对工程施工过程中可能出现的机械设备故障，项目部已经建立了由各桩基施工队、钢筋加工施工队和混凝土拌和站维修人员组成的修理班，负责应对施工中可能出现的机械设备故障。

㈠、质量保证措施

1、工程的方针目标是争创“国优”。

2、经理部成立以项目经理为首的全面质量管理领导小组，实行全面质量管理，执行ISO—9000系列标准。

3、对全体职工进行全面质量管理教育，树立“百年大计、质量第一”的思想，增强职工的质量意识，提高工作质量。

4、建立健全完善的质量保证体系，施行质量责任制。

5、认真贯彻执行内部监理制度，经理部设专职内部监理工程师，负责全标段的工程质量内部质检工作，行使质量否决权。各工队设专职质检工程师，负责本段的工程质量管理。

6、所有技术人员必须熟悉施工图纸和有关技术规范，了解设计意图，明确施工技术的重点难点，做好层层技术交底工作，特别应使操作人员了解和领会各项技术要求，以保证施工正确性；

7、应加强测量人员的责任心和提高技术水平，合理设控制点，以减小误差。定位放样采用座标控制，用全站仪由三个方向进行交会。待测设的有关数据必须经复核，以免出现差错。测量仪器按规范要求定期进行校正和维修；

8、试验检测工作主要由中心试验室负责，对施工中的取样检测严格按规范要求的频率进行。

9、加强工序质量控制，合理组织，保证施工连续性，认真填写原始施工记录； 10、开展群众性的QC小组进行攻关，并搞好合理化建议和技术革新活动。 11、做好质量预控工作，对容易出现问题的工序，预先制定出切实可行的措施，工程质量始终处于控制之中。

12、认真搞好内部的工程质量“三检”工作，某一工序完成，负责该工序的班组

13、出现质量问题，应遵循“三不放过”的原则进行处理。

14、加强和完善质量监测手段和设备，为加强施工质量监测，经理部配备足够的技术力量、仪器设备和监理工程师一起严把质量关。

15、原材料采购和试验控制：认真执行监理制度，所有用于本工程的材料及来源必须通过工程师的批准，其质量和性能必须符合技术规范和其它标准。加强原材料进场的验收工作，工程主材如碎石等使用应填写申报表，并进行必要的验收试验和质量检验，不合格的原材料拒绝进场和使用。

㈡、工期保证措施

1、确保投入的人员、机械设备满足施工要求，如果不能满足施工需要，必须加大人员、机械设备的投入。

2、确保施工中所用材料的供应。

3、加强施工现场管理，充分协调、调配，确保施工的正常进行。八、雨季的施工安排

做好雨季的施工安排：

1、雨季施工期间，做好排水工作。充分利用当地的排水系统，使作业面不积水。 2、施工期间，积极与当地气象部门联系，随时掌握天气情况。 3、备足彩条布、防雨布等防雨设备，确保施工用原材料不受雨水浸泡。

九、质量、安全保证体系

㈠、质量保证体系 1、质量保证体系

上级工作组内部监理项目经理项目总工原材料项目质检组试验室材料性能试验设建立材料供应渠道计文件资料技术工艺流程施工人员技术准备材料进场设计交底问题施工方案现场核对设计导线控制点核对水文地质调查施工组织设计分项工程施工现场分部工程 manipulator control mode and programmable controllers introduction 2.1 Select discussion with manipulator control 2.1.1 classification of control relays and discrete electronic circuit can control old industrial equipment, but also more common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industrial equipment. So he can see them now, however these two control modes (relay and discrete electronic circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2) only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reforming the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of China's modern industrial automation technology the substantial increase in the level of industrial automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In terms of controlling the computer showed his two great advantages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) the official designer of the software writing content control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industrial automation can often be seen in three ways: (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Distributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Logical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements for fast data processing makes it invented the computer. The men brought in terms of hardware there, using a high level of standardization, can use more compatibility tools, is a rich software resources, especially the need for immediacy in operational systems. So the computer can effectively control is used to control and meet its speed, on the virtual model, real-time and in computational requirements. Distributed system started with a control system for industrial automatic instrument used to control, whereas now it is successfully developed into industrial control computer used as a central collection and distribution system and transition of distributed control system in analogue handling, loop control, has begun to reflect the use of a huge advantage. Though distributed system has great advantages in loop regulation, but only as a means of continuous process control. Optimization of PLC is the corresponding relay needs was born, its main use in the work order control, early primary is replaced relay this hulking system, focused on the switch controlling the running order of functions. Marked by the microprocessor in the early 1970 of the 20th century emerged, micro-electronics technology has developed rapidly, people soon microelectronics processing technology will be used in the Programmable Logical Controller (that is试验性施工正式施工 Manipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special conditions set for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of industrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of consolidation, understand has some usually didn't opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of industrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can still successfully complete like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of \n the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the robot begand

2、质量保证体系人员配备表项目经理：吴琼技术负责人：汪忠施工负责人：汪强宗、孙学现测工质场试材机量程检技验料械组部部术室部部：：：主：：：张赵赵管李董孙志永慧：广晓方会君卿涛娅学志银 manipulator control mode and programmable controllers introduction 2.1 Select discussion with manipulator control 2.1.1 classification of control relays and discrete electronic circuit can control old industrial equipment, but also more common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industrial equipment. So he can see them now, however these two control modes (relay and discrete electronic circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2) only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reforming the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of China's modern industrial automation technology the substantial increase in the level of industrial automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In terms of controlling the computer showed his two great advantages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) the official designer of the software writing content control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industrial automation can often be seen in three ways: (1) Programmable (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Logical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements for fast data processing makes it invented the computer. The men brought in terms of hardware there, using a high level of standardization, can use more compatibility tools, is a rich software resources, especially the need for immediacy in operational systems. So the computer can effectively control is used to control and meet its speed, on the virtual model, real-time and in computational requirements. Distributed system started with a control system for industrial automatic instrument used to control, whereas now it is successfully developed into industrial control computer used as a central collection and distribution system and transition of distributed control system in analogue handling, loop control, has begun to reflect the use of a huge advantage. Though distributed system has great advantages in loop regulation, but only as a means of continuous process control. Optimization of PLC is the corresponding relay needs was born, its main use in the wthe switch controlling the running order of functions. Marked by the microprocessor in the early 1970 of the 20th century emerged, micro-electronics technology has developed rapidly, people soon microelectronics processing technology will be used in the Programmable Logical

Control System s hulking system, focused on 23

Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Distributed ork order control, early primary is replaced relay thiController (that isManipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special conditions set for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of industrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of consolidation, understand has some usually didn't opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of industrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can still successfully complete like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of \n the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the robot begand 资料管理：李珍春钻孔桩各队混凝土拌和各队钢筋笼制作各队

3、技术措施

本工程路线较长，结构较多，为能保质保量地完成任务，按期竣工，在技术上实行项目总工程师负责制，并做好如下工作：

（1）、所有技术人员必须熟悉施工图纸和有关技术规范，了解设计意图，明确施工技术的重点难点，编制符合实际情况并切实可行的施工方案，做好层层技术交底工作，特别应使操作人员了解和领会各项技术要求，以保证施工正确性；

（2）、测量放样工作关系重要，，应加强测量人员的责任心和提高技术水平，合理设控制点，以减小误差。定位放样采用座标控制，用全站仪和经纬仪由三个方向进行交会。待测设的有关数据必须经复核，以免差错。测量仪器按规范要求定期进行校正和维修；

（3）、试验检测工作主要由中心试验室负责，对各种不同强度要求的砼提前做好配比试验，通过试配，确定出最佳配比，以满足施工要求，对施工中的取样检测严格按规范要求的频率进行。加强钢材、水泥、砂子等原材料的检测工作，按规定做好各种检验；

（4）、对各种施工方案和工艺进行认真细致地研究讨论，发扬民主，集思广益，以求得最佳方案，特别对某些关键工序的施工工艺方案，须制定出详尽的工艺方法来

（5）、加强对各种技术资料文件的管理，做好收集、保管和使用等工作，对各种原始记录、检测、报告、自检资料等及时报监理工程师签认，及时整理保存，为工程编制竣工文件打下良好的基础；

（6）、路基施工采用机械化一条龙施工，分段分层填筑严格控制填料含量及最大干密度，压实使用重型或振动压路机，满足压实遍数和密实度；

（7）、钻孔桩施工加强工序质量控制，合理组织，保证从钻孔到灌注的连续性，认真填写原始施工记录；

（8）、预应力张拉应该控制应力计算量及伸长量，预应力张拉设备标定后才能使用，张拉严格按技术规范的程序进行；

（9）、梁的预制、运输、吊装制定详尽的施工质量保证措施，对梁体根据施工工艺进行必要的应力验算，梁体砼强度达80%后才能运输和吊装，梁体吊装做到位置准确，杜绝支座处悬空现象出现；

㈡、安全保证体系 1、安全保证体系图

后勤及物质保证：刘淑荣（行政）安全领导小组组长：吴琼（项目经理）副组长：顾显桥（项目书记）信息通讯与紧急应变：王岩（办公室）专职安全员：代义德（外协）、谢占民（电工）资金保证：白子慧：（财务总监）兼职安全员：汪强宗、孙学（项目副经理）安全巡视、监督员：各工区施工工长 the switch controlling the running order of functions. Marked by the microprocessor in the early 1970 of the 20th century emerged, micro-electronics technology has developed rapidly, people soon microelectronics processing technology will be used in the Programmable Logical Controller (that ismanipulator control mode and programmable controllers introduction 2.1 Select discussion with manipulator control 2.1.1 classification of control relays and discrete electronic circuit can control old industrial equipment, but also more common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industrial equipment. So he can see them now, however these two control modes (relay and discrete electronic circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2) only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reforming the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of China's modern industrial automation technology the substantial increase in the level of industrial automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In terms of controlling the computer showed his two great advantages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) the official designer of the software writing content control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industrial automation can often be seen in three ways: (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Distributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Logical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements for fast data processing makes it invented the computer. The men brought in terms of hardware there, using a high level of standardization, can use more compatibility tools, is a rich software resources, especially the need for immediacy in operational systems. So the computer can effectively control is used to control and meet its speed, on the virtual model, real-time and in computational requirements. Distributed system started with a control system for industrial automatic instrument used to control, whereas now it is successfully developed into industrial control computer used as a central collection and distribution system and transition of distributed control system in analogue handling, loop control, has begun to reflect the use of a huge advantage. Though distributed system has great advantages in loop regulation, but only as a means of continuous process control. Optimization of PLC is the corresponding relay needs was born, its main use in the work order control, early primary is replaced relay this hulking system, focused on

2、各项安全措施

（1）、成立以项目经理为首的安全生产领导小组。

（2）、建立健全生产组织机构，标段设置专职安全员，各工区设兼职安全员。（3）、制定安全管理制度，定期进行安全检查，发现安全隐患及时整改，贯彻安全工作中“五同时”和“三不放过”原则，严格实行安全生产岗位责任制，奖惩分明。（4）、制定主要分项工程和工序的安全技术操作规程，工作前认真进行安全技术交底，禁止违章作业。（5）、安全教育：

①、全方位齐抓共管，加强安全教育，提高职工安全意识。

②、职工每周组织一次安全活动，学习工序工种的安全规程，严格按规程进行施工。

③、民工进场前要进行常规安全操作教育，才准上岗作业。 ④、作业安全

a、本工程大型机具较多，由于工期紧迫，将会采用多班作业，各种机械操作人员变换频繁，因此要建立健全机械的操作责任制以及交接班制度，并加强管理，避免失误，确保安全生产。

b、加强现场施工管理，施工现场人员必须戴好安全帽及其它安全防护用品，高空作业必须系安全带。

d、各工种坚持持证上岗。

e、本工程起重作业，高空作业较多，应根据施工工序安排，制定严格的安全保证措施，并在施工过程中逐一落实

⑤、交通安全：

manipulator control mode and programmable controllers introduction 2.1 Select discussion with manipulator control 2.1.1 classification of control relays and discrete electronic circuit can control old industrial equipment, but also more common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industrial equipment. So he can see them now, however these two control modes (relay and discrete electronic circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2) only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reforming the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of China's modern industrial automation technology the substantial increase in the level of industrial automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In terms of controlling the computer showed his two great advantages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) the official designer of the software writing content control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industrial automation can often be seen in three ways: (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Distributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Logical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements for fast data processing makes it invented the computer. The men brought in terms of hardware there, using a high level of standardization, can use more compatibility tools, is a rich software resources, especially the need for immediacy in operational systems. So the computer can effectively control is used to control and meet its speed, on the virtual model, real-time and in computational requirements. Distributed system started with a control system for industrial automatic instrument used to control, whereas now it is successfully developed into industrial control computer used as a central collection and distribution system and transition of distributed control system in analogue handling, loop control, has begun to reflect the use of a huge advantage. Though distributed system has great advantages in loop regulation, but only as a means of continuous process control. Optimization of PLC is the corresponding relay needs was born, its main use in the work order control, early primary is replaced relay this hulking system, focused on the switch controlling the running order of functions. Marked by the microprocessor in the early 1970 of the 20th century emerged, micro-electronics technology has developed rapidly, people soon microelectronics processing technology will be used in the Programmable Logical Controller (that isManipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special conditions set for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of industrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of consolidation, understand has some usually didn't opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of industrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can still successfully complete like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of \n the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the robot begand a、由于各工序交叉作业，施工机械和车辆调动频繁，相互干扰，因此施工地段必须设置各种警告标志，夜间应有良好的照明，限速行驶，保证施工现场道路畅通。

十、文明施工、环境保护

一、文明施工㈠、文明施工方案

1、建立创建“文明工地”领导小组，全面开展创建文明工地活动，作到施工现场人行道畅通；施工工地沿线单位和居民出入口畅通；施工中无管线高放；

2、健全以项目经理具体领导、文明施工员具体指导、各施工队具体落实的管理网络，增强管理力量。

3、加强施工人员文明施工意识，组织学习文明施工条例电安全教育，未经电工同意，不得擅自挪动用电线路或配电箱等设施。配电箱必须封闭并装有漏电保护器。

㈡、文明施工组织机构见图。㈢、文明施工内容

1、在主要施工便道及时组织人力与车辆进行维修，避免有坑槽出现，同时不定时地用水车洒水，减少灰尘污染。

2、现场材料堆放整齐，规格标识清楚； 3、设备统一编号，摆放整齐 4、施工期间尽量做到不扰民。

5、采取一切合理措施，保护现场内外的环境，以避免因施工而引起的污染、噪音或其它原因造成的对公众或公众财产的伤害或公害。

二、环境保护㈠、环境保护方案

环境保护是我国的一项基本国策，本承包人将与当地政府和环保部门联合协作，控制施工污染，减少污水、空气粉尘及噪音污染，严格控制水土流失和砂化，扎扎实

1、成立以项目经理任组长的环境保护领导小组，配备一定数量的环境保护设施和技术人员，认真学习环保知识，共同搞好环保工作。

manipulator control mode and programmable controllers introduction 2.1 Select discussion with manipulator control 2.1.1 classification of control relays and discrete electronic circuit can control old industria(DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Logical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements for fast data the switch controlling the running order of functions. Marked by the microprocessor in the early 1970 of the 20th century emerged, micro-electronics technology has developed rapidly, people soon microelectroni项目经理文明施工领导小组组长：吴琼工材机综程料械合部部部办：：：：赵董孙王慧晓学岩君娅各施工作业队 e common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industrial equipment. So he can see them now, however these two control modes (relay and discrete electronic circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2) only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reforming the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of China's modern industrial automation technology the substantial increase in the level of industrial automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In terms of controlling the computer showed his two great advantages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) the official designer of the software writing content control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industrial automation can often be seen in three ways: (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Distributed Control System d the computer. The men brought in terms of hardware there, using a high level of standardization, can use more compatibility tools, is a rich software resources, especially the need for immediacy in operational systems. So the computer can effectively control is used to control and meet its speed, on the virtual model, real-time and in computational requirements. Distributed system started with a control system for industrial automatic instrument used to control, whereas now it is successfully developed into industrial control computer used as a central collection and distribution system and transition of distributed control system in analogue handling, loop control, has begun to reflect the use of a huge advantage. Though distributed system has great advantages in loop regulation, but only as a means of continuous process control. Optimization of PLC is the corresponding relay needs was born, its main use in the work order control, early primary is replaced relay this hulking system, focused on be used in the Programmable Logical Controller (that isl equipment, but also morprocessing makes it inventecs processing technology will Manipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special conditions set for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of industrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of consolidation, understand has some usually didn't opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of industrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can still successfully complete like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of \n the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the robot begand 文明施工管理组织机构

创建文明工地 2、采用各种有效措施，对容易引起环境污染的各种渠道严格控制。 3、聘请环保专家现场指导，与当地环保部门签订联合开展环保工作协议。㈡、环境保护组织机构见图。㈢、环境保护措施

1、水土及生态环境的保护措施

（1）、对树木、植被及地下水资源的保护是施工中的环保重点。对合同规定的施工界限内、外的植物、树木等尽力维持原样；砍除树木和其它经济植物时，应事先征得所有者和业主的批示同意，严禁超范围砍伐。

（2）、临时用地范围内的耕地采取措施进行复耕。

（3）、对路基工程的弃土场将边坡平整稳定用以造田，不得向河流和设计范围外的场地弃土。

（4）、营造良好环境。在施工现场和生活区设置足够的卫生设施，经常进行卫生清理。

（5）、及早施工防护工程排水工程和裸露地表的植被覆盖，防止水土流失。（6）、工程完工后，及时进行现场彻底清理，并按设计要求采用植被覆盖或其它处理措施。

工程部：赵慧君材料部：董晓娅机械部：孙学综合办：王岩环境保护领导小组组长：吴琼项目经理各施工作业队环境保护环境保护组织机构

（7）、对有害物质（如燃料、废料、垃圾等）要通过正确的环保处理手段就地进行处理或运到指定地点进行掩埋，防止对动植物造成损害。

2、水环境保护措施

（1）、生活污水按设计分别采用二级生化设施或化粪池处理。

manipulator control mode and programmable controllers introduction 2.1 Select discussion with manipulator control 2.1.1 classification of control relays and discrete electronic circuit can control old industrial equipment, but also more common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industrial equipment. So he can see them now, however these two control modes (relay and discrete electronic circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2) only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reforming the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of China's modern industrial automation technology the substantial increase in the level of industrial automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In terms of controlling the computer showed his two great advantages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) the official designer of the software writing content control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industrial automation can often be seen in three ways: (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Distributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Logical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements for fast data processing makes it invented the computer. The men brought in terms of hardware there, using a high level of standardization, can use more compatibility tools, is a rich software resources, especially the need for immediacy in operational systems. So the computer can effectively control is used to control and meet its speed, on the virtual model, real-time and in computational requirements. Distributed system started with a control system for industrial automatic instrument used to control, whereas now it is successfully developed into industrial control computer used as a central collection and distribution system and transition of distributed control system in analogue handling, loop control, has begun to reflect the use of a huge advantage. Though distributed system has great advantages in loop regulation, but only as a means of continuous process control. Optimization of PLC is the corresponding relay needs was born, its main use in the work order control, early primary is replaced relay this hulking system, focused on the switch controlling the running order of functions. Marked by the microprocessor in the early 1970 of the 20th century emerged, micro-electronics technology has developed rapidly, people soon microelectronics processing technology will be used in the Programmable Logical Controller (that isManipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special conditions set for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of industrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of consolidation, understand has some usually didn't opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of industrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can still successfully complete like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of \n the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the robot begand （2）、施工机械的废油废水，采取有效措施加以处理，不超标排放，造成河流和水源污染。

（3）、来自生活区、办公区和施工区的污水，必须严格净化处理，并经检验符合环保标准后排放。

3、大气环境及粉尘的防治措施

（1）、施工场地和运输道路经常洒水养护，尽可能防止灰尘对生产人员和其它人员造成危害及对农作物的污染。

（2）、车辆运料过程中，对易飞扬的物料用蓬布覆盖严密，且装料适中，不得超限；车辆轮胎及车外表用水冲洗干净，不得污染道路。