影视视频剪辑外文文献翻译字数3000多

文献出处：Belk R. The research of film and television video editing techniques [J]. Qualitative Market Research: an international journal, 2016, 8(2): 132-141. 原文 The research of film and television video editing techniques

Belk R

Abstract

Video clip is indispensable to film and television art important constituent, it to a certain extent determines the communication effect of film and television works. Practice has proved that the mature video editing skills can make the film and television work more attractive. Based on the video clip of the related theory on the basis of further explore some video clips of the skill. The film and television works has become the general public today to be reckoned with in the important part of everyday life. The French cafes in Paris the limier brothers showed his first film and television works, marked the film was born. But when the limier brothers just use camera to record what happened around, didn't realize the important role of clips, until the American director Griffith began using a shooting like a shot, video, film and television works of clip art to be the contact and appreciate the people gradually. Keywords: Video; Processing; Skills

1 Related concepts

Images, sound clip is the film in a special and meaningful way selection, decomposition and elsewhere, eventually forming a coherent and fluent, clear theme, artistic appeal. A film and television works even if the previous play, shoot picture and sound collection, cast strong enough, but the lack of the improvement of the video clip and packaging, late also unable to produce the desired viewing effect.

At the beginning of video clips in general to go through several steps: cutting, after cutting, fine cut, etc. Early shear is based on directed intention, according to a shooting like a copy of material; After cut is on the basis of the initial shear and supplement for the perfection of video for further; Fine cut is editing personnel on double shear repeated verification, examination, on the basis of combining with the special means, the montage and be more careful cutting, after repeated revision,

editing video editing techniques to achieve director intention, film narrative and the performance of the double goals are met. Excellent editors on a large number of video clips, to try to grasp the integral style of the works, the intention of the director, programs, etc. Also need to make the film and television works stand out, independent, excellent editing procedure and editing skills. Each clip like people blink an eye, editing final purpose is to meet the needs of the audience and recognition, to work, and ultimately achieve good communication effect.

2 Techniques

Editing style, namely video director will own intentions to video editors, editors to show the overall understanding and grasp, eventually form their overall creation idea of editing. Some film let the audience the feeling of being in style is not consistent, most part of the reason is the preparation and editing personnel without a unified style. For the realization of the expected effect of viewing and editing personnel in contact with the video material, must first communicate and choreographer, read a script or a shooting copy, and then choose according to the information unified editing style and make it through the whole video. Clip the ultimate goal is to reach and program, structure, content and form of the theme of the harmonious unification, editors must not throw director intention and the creation of the work itself, according to the individual subjective intend to arrange video editing style along with the gender. Editing style is roughly divided into the following categories:

2.1 The traditional editing style

Traditional clip is the basic editing video clip gimmick, it is able to prevent confusion between the lens, the role is to ensure a smooth film and television video conversion, 2 it is to make the film and television works the paragraph is clear, the plot of the narrative time, place, detail and clear, avoid to cause the audience confused feeling. The traditional editing style in film editing the proportion is very big, is also must master the basic skills of editing staff.

To grasp the traditional editing style need to pay attention to the following three aspects: first of all, the linkage between the lens directions cannot be disorder. Figure

walking direction, the spatial relationship between the characters to maintain consistent, not because of the transformation of the lens for the confused feeling. For example, to show the characters from the lotus pond in the park to seat walk over and characters from the picture on the left side of the entering and going out from the right, then the next shot, the characters go to the seat should be still from the left into the picture. Otherwise it will let the audience feel a sense of confusion on the vision, especially pursuit, fighting like a lens, etc. Secondly, the change in the lens to be coordinated. The so-called "dynamic", "static", is the video similar material group together in rhythm, form a kind of coordination and stable effect. "Move" is commonly used in the characters' bodies, for example, when a man slapped the other one, a lens is held up his hand before, a camera and then have a fan up continuous motion. Or in the push, pull, shake, shift, with movement in the lens, when the lens is from one scene to another scene, the camera can be directly to switch to another direction, speed close pan, forming a natural transition. "Static" are often used during transitions, two relatively stationary camera can bring harmony on the look and feel, at the same time let the audience play imagination and thinking.Finally, omit unnecessary process.In real life, the audience is familiar with the actions or behaviors, in the process of video editing often can be omitted, only a few key action, form a compact clips of coherent effects.

2.2 Creative editing style

Creative editing style aims to improve the effect of the film and television works of art to watch, it including the dramatic effect clip, clip and rhythmic effect clip expressive effect. Dramatic effect clip by changing the lens of sequence and timing, change the lens clips point, finally let each shot in the plot, the best time to bring the audience find everything new and fresh, an Epiphany viewing experience. For example, in the film, props repeatedly appears in the film, it is one of the important props will film to a climax. Expressive effect clip that the whole narrative content in fluency, on the basis of editing combined with their own experience, bold selection, focus some analogy to the lens, so that the film formation reveals a certain meaning, apply colors to a drawing atmosphere effects of editing style. Rhythmic effect clip

refers to the lens time is short, the scene changes quickly, let the audience feel urgency, the effect of psychological tension, this clip effect can't disorderly use, must be combined with the overall structure and the characteristics of the plot to use film. 3 The video clips rhythms

The tempo of the film and television works determines its overall style, some works even depend entirely on the rhythm to infect the audience's emotions and feelings. Editing rhythm to organize various art elements in film and television works effectively, depicting the hero image, create a special artistic conception, and effectively push forward the plot. As a result, the overall pace of film and television works to shape the overall artistic atmosphere, improve work grade having the effect that cannot ignore, even decided to work success or failure, rhythm grasp accurate or not is one of the important factors in evaluating a film and television works.

The rhythm of the film can be divided into external and internal rhythm. Internal rhythm refers to the contradiction of the plot itself, the change of character psychology and external rhythm refers to the switching speed of the camera itself, often by means of montage, lenses and other sports. In addition to film the overall rhythm, each fragment, the scene also should have certain rhythm, according to the characters' emotions, drama, image to master, in order to ensure that every scene express a complete and accurate. Editing rhythm of film and television works by images of your body movement rhythm, the rate of movement of the camera, the influence of the length of the lens, transform, the narrative plot and characters in the film and television works mood changes speed to a certain extent, determines the merits of the work.

To shoot early photographers according to the director of the creation intention, the overall style of the works and their own professional choice taking lens, on the basis of this formed the basis of film rhythm. After the completion of the preliminary work, editing personnel according to the development of the plot "priorities" to form a relaxation of the editing work. Whether editing rhythm, the rhythm of the film as a whole, or the rhythm of the film passage between, to ensure that all of the appropriateness of rhythm, can't let the audience psychological uncomfortable feeling.

But throughout the whole style doesn't mean the whole works always keep the same pace, but rather too appropriately according to the plot unfolds, the formation of the climax of paragraphs and low, as the pace of the film to the audience emotional fermentation. In the film "run Lola run", the three paragraphs respectively represents the three end of Laura and her boyfriend, revealed many details of life often different events that can lead to the final result. Film, Laura lost money trying to save for her boyfriend, she's crazy running lens to form a kind of fast rhythm, at the same time, the roller run of the camera and turn the lens in the clock on the wall switch, enhanced narrative sense of urgency and the sense of crisis, the audience cannot help for the lens the fate of the characters in the tension and fear.

4 Apply video clip gimmick

Picture like a clever can form special effects, editing, from the video images through a meaningful set, you can generate a constant association and the feeling that find everything new and fresh. The film inception, for example, in like manner, using a variety of means of montage, bring the audience into a special trip to fantasy. Like a smooth way between lens, lens the link between the way there are a lot of, for example, fade, fade in, dissolve, to make use of the means to make smooth and natural to switch between scenes, also can be used directly to the switch, jump cut, flashbacks, make the film forming a rhythm quickly, strong impact effect.

译文

影视视频剪辑技巧研究

Belk R

摘要

视频剪辑是电影、电视艺术不可或缺的重要组成部分，它在一定程度上决定了影视作品的传播效果。实践证明，成熟的视频剪辑技巧能够让影视作品更具魅力。本文在视频剪辑的相关理论基础上进一步探讨视频剪辑的一些技巧运用。影视作品早已成为当今普通大众日常生活中不可小觑的重要组成部分。法国人卢米埃尔兄弟在巴黎的咖啡馆里放映了自己的第一批影视作品，标志着电影的正式诞生。但当时的卢米埃尔兄弟只是单纯利用摄像机录制身边发生的事情，并没有意

识到剪辑的重要作用，直到美国导演格里菲斯开始使用分镜头拍摄、组接视频时，影视作品的剪辑艺术才逐渐被人们接触和领略到。

关键词：视频；处理；技巧

1 相关概念

剪辑即将影片中的图像、声音以一种特殊的、有意义的方式进行选取、分解和组接，最终形成一个连贯流畅、主题明确、有艺术感染力的作品。一部影视作品即使前期剧本、拍摄画面、声音采集、演员阵容等方面足够强大，但缺乏后期视频剪辑的完善与包装，也无法产生预期的收视效果。

视频剪辑大体要经过几个步骤：初剪、复剪、精剪等。初剪是依据导演意图，根据分镜头稿本对素材进行组接；复剪是在初剪的基础上对视频做进一步的完善和补充；精剪是后期剪辑人员在对复剪进行反复核查、推敲的基础上，结合特技手段、蒙太奇手法而进行的更加细致的剪辑，经过反复修改、剪辑视频剪辑技巧后才能最终实现导演意图，达到影片叙事和表现的双重目标。优秀的剪辑师在对大量视频进行剪辑时，要尽量做到把握作品的整体风格、导演意图、节目立意等内容。要让影视作品脱颖而出、独具一格，还需要掌握优秀的剪辑手法和剪辑技巧。每一次剪辑就像人眨了一次眼睛，剪辑的最终目的是满足观众的需求及认可，让作品深入人心，并最终实现良好的传播效果。

2剪辑技巧

剪辑风格，即视频编导将自己的创作意图阐述给视频剪辑人员，剪辑人员对节目进行整体理解、把握，最终形成自己剪辑的整体创作构思。有的影片让观众产生前后风格不一致的感觉，绝大部分原因是前期准备人员和后期剪辑人员没有达成统一的风格。为实现预期收视效果，后期剪辑人员接触到视频素材以后，首先要和编导进行沟通，熟读剧本或分镜头稿本，然后根据所掌握的信息选择统一的剪辑风格并将其贯穿于整个视频中。剪辑的最终目标是要达到与节目的主题、结构、内容以及形式的和谐统一，剪辑人员切不可抛开编导及作品本身的创作意图走向，按照个人主观意愿随性安排视频的剪辑风格。剪辑风格大致分为以下几类：

2.1传统的剪辑风格

传统剪辑是视频剪辑的基本剪辑手法，它能够防止镜头间的混乱，作用一是

保证影视视频转换的流畅，二是让影视作品的段落表达清晰，叙事情节的时间、地点详细而清晰，避免造成观众的混淆感。传统剪辑风格在影视作品后期剪辑所占的比例很大，也是后期剪辑人员必须掌握的基本功。

把握传统的剪辑风格需要注意以下三个方面：首先，镜头的衔接方向不能错乱。人物行走的方向、人物间的空间关系要保持一致，不能因为镜头的转换而让观众产生迷惑感。例如，要表现公园里的人物从花池向座椅走过去，人物从画面左侧进入，从右侧走出，那么下一个镜头中，人物走到座椅处应该仍旧是从画面左侧进入。否则会让观众在视觉上感到一种错乱感，尤其是追击、交战等镜头的组接。其次，镜头的转换要协调一致。所谓的“动接动”、“静接静”，就是将视频中节奏类似的素材组接到一起，形成一种动作协调、稳定的效果。“动接动”一般用于人物的形体动作中，例如，当一个人打另一个人耳光的时候，前一个镜头是举起手来，下一个镜头紧接着要有一个向上扇的连续动作。或者在推、拉、摇、移、跟等运动镜头中，当镜头正从一个景物摇到另外一个景物，那么可将镜头直接切换到另外一个方向、速度相近的摇镜头身上，形成自然而然的过渡。“静接静”往往在转场时使用，两个相对静止的镜头能够带来观感上的和谐，同时让观众发挥想象空间和思考能力。最后，省略不必要的过程。现实生活中那些观众十分熟悉的动作或行为举止，在视频后期剪辑的过程中往往可以省略，仅保留几个关键动作，形成紧凑剪辑的连贯效果即可。

2.2创造性的剪辑风格

创造性的剪辑风格旨在提高影视作品的艺术观看效果，它包括戏剧性效果剪辑、表现性效果剪辑及节奏性效果剪辑。戏剧性效果剪辑指通过改变镜头的出现顺序和时机，改变镜头的剪辑点，最终让每一个镜头在剧情展开的最佳时间出现，能够给观众带来耳目一新、恍然大悟的观影感受。例如，电影中，道具的反复出现在影片中，它是将影片推向高潮的重要道具。表现性效果剪辑指在保证影片整体叙事内容连贯流畅的基础上，剪辑者结合自身经验，大胆地选择、集中一些类比镜头，从而让影片形成揭示一定含义、渲染影片气氛的效果的剪辑风格。节奏性效果剪辑指镜头时间短、画面切换快，让观众感到急迫、紧张心理气氛的效果，这种剪辑效果不能乱用，一定要结合影片整体结构和剧情的特点来使用。 3调视频剪辑节奏（完整译文请到百度文库）

本文来源：https://www.bwwdw.com/article/cjre.html