汽车电动助力转向系统毕业论文

西安航空职业技术学院

毕 业 论 文

论文题目： 汽车电动助力转向系统

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西安航空职业技术学院制

2011 年 4 月 25 日

西安航空职业技术学院 毕业设计论文

汽车电动助力转向系统

【摘要】

本论文主要阐述了汽车电动助力转向系统在我们的生活当中汽车使用过程中带来的方便作用和它的工作原理以及维护维修方法。汽车工业作为我过的支柱产业，在国民经济中起着重要作用。汽车转向器作为汽车的重要零部件，其性能的好坏直接影响着汽车行驶的安全性和可靠性。我国在发展汽车零部件的政策规划中，已将转向器列为优先发展的25种汽车关键零部件之一。随着世界上电子技术的迅猛发展，汽车转向系统已经从传统机械转向、液压助力转向、电控液压助力转向，发展到电动助力转向系统（Electric Hydraulic Power Steering，简称EPS），最终还将要过渡到线控转向系统。

汽车电动助力转向系统是现代汽车中比较常规的配置，是一种直接依靠电机提供辅助扭矩的动力转向系统。主要是由于它的工作效率高，能量消耗少；系统内部采用刚性连接，反应灵敏，滞后小，驾驶员的“路感”好；结构简单，质量小；系统便于集成，整体尺寸减小，省去了油泵和辅助管路，总布置更加方便；无液压元件，对环境污染少。EPS将最新的电力电子技术和高性能的电机控制技术应用于汽车转向系统，能显著改善汽车动态性能和静态性能、提高行驶中驾驶员的舒适性和安全性、减少环境污染等。因此，该系统一经提出，就受到许多大汽车公司的重视，并进行开发和研究。

关键词：电动助力 安全性 可靠性 效率高 消耗少 反应灵敏

Abstract:

The caption mainly expounds the auto electric power steering system in our life car use process the convenience and its role the working principle and maintenance method.The auto industry as I had a pillar industry,in the national economy plays an important role.Automobile redirector of car parts as important,the performance of a direct impact on the security and reliability of the car.In developing automobile parts policy planning, already will steering gear as priority development of 25 kinds of one of the key automotive spare parts.With the world on the rapid development of electronic technology,autoSteering system have traditional mechanical and Hydraulic Steering from Power Steering,Electric control Hydraulic Power Steering,the development of the Electric Power Steering system

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西安航空职业技术学院 毕业设计论文

(Electric Hydraulic Power Steering,the abbreviation EPS),eventually will transition to the wire control Steering system。

The auto electric power steering system is the modern car relatively routine configuration,is a direct rely on motor torque to provide auxiliary power steering system.Is mainly due to its high efficiency， less energy consumption; The internal system rigid connection， sensitive reaction,lag,the pilot of the small \， quality is small; System can reduce the overall integration,size and tell the oil pump and auxiliary piping,general arrangement more convenient; No hydraulic components,less on the environmental pollution.EPS will the latest power electronic technology and high performance of motor control technology application in automobile steering system,can improve the dynamic performance and car static performance,improve the driving comfort and safety pilot,reduce the pollution of the environment,etc。 Therefore,the system is put forward,get the attention of many large car company,and development and research。

Key words: Electric power;safety;reliability;efficiency high consumption;sensitive reaction.

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西安航空职业技术学院 毕业设计论文

目 录

1.1 电动液压助力转向系统 .............................................................................................................. 1 1.1.1 电动液压助力转向主要零部件 .......................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 电动液压助力转向系统工作原理 ...................................................................................... 2 1.2 电动直接助力式转向系统 .......................................................................................................... 2 1.2.1 电动直接式助力转向系统主要零部件 .............................................................................. 3 1.2.2 电动直接式助力转向系统工作原理 .................................................................................. 4 1.3 电动助力转向系统优缺点 .......................................................................................................... 4 1.3.1优点 ....................................................................................................................................... 4 1.3.2缺点 ....................................................................................................................................... 5 1.4 汽车电动助力转向系统的关键技术 ........................................................................................... 5 1.5 汽车电动助力转向系统工作过程 ............................................................................................... 6 1.6 本章小结 ...................................................................................................................................... 7

1 汽车电动助力转向系统的结构 .......................................................................................................... 1

2 汽车电动助力转向系统类型 .............................................................................................................. 8 2.1 转向柱助力式 .............................................................................................................................. 8 2.2 小齿轮助力式 .............................................................................................................................. 8 2.3 双小齿轮助力式 .......................................................................................................................... 8 2.4 齿条助力式 .................................................................................................................................. 8 2.5 本章小结 ...................................................................................................................................... 9 3 汽车电动助力转向系统的维护保养 ................................................................................................ 10 3.1 转向系统检查 ............................................................................................................................ 10 3.2 液力转向油泵皮带张力调整 .................................................................................................... 10 3.3 动力转向系统的空气排放 ........................................................................................................ 10 3.4 冲洗动力转向系统 .................................................................................................................... 10 3.5 漏油检查 .................................................................................................................................... 11 3.6 检查或补充动力转向液力油 .................................................................................................... 11 3.7 本章小结 .................................................................................................................................... 11 4 汽车电动助力转向系统的故障检测与检修方法 ............................................................................ 12 4.1 转向沉重 .................................................................................................................................... 12 4.2 低速摆头和转向不稳 ................................................................................................................ 13 4.3 高速摆振和单边转向不足 ........................................................................................................ 14 4.4 行驶跑偏和转向盘自由转动量过大以及车轮回正不良 ......................................................... 15 4.5 转向器的检查 ............................................................................................................................ 16 4.6 动力转向油泵的检查 ................................................................................................................ 16 4.7 转向横拉杆的检查 .................................................................................................................... 17 4.8 转向柱与转向管柱的检查 ........................................................................................................ 17 4.9 本章小结 .................................................................................................................................... 18 5 汽车电动助力转向系统故障实际案例 ............................................................................................ 19

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西安航空职业技术学院 毕业设计论文

5.1 锐志转向沉重故障 .................................................................................................................... 19 5.2 奔驰车转向助力器储油罐液压油外溢故障 ............................................................................. 19 5.3 本田轿车转向费力 .................................................................................................................... 20 5.4 皇冠牌轿车怠速或低速时转向困难而高速行驶转向不稳定 ................................................. 20 5.5 阿尔托E_CN11S车行驶中有时动力转向失效 ......................................................................... 21 5.6 捷达GT轿车转向异响 .............................................................................................................. 22 5.7 本章小结 .................................................................................................................................... 22 6 汽车汽车电动助力转向系统的技术评价 ........................................................................................ 23 6.1 转向回正能力评价 .................................................................................................................... 23 6.2 转向灵敏度评价 ........................................................................................................................ 24 6.3 转向路感 .................................................................................................................................... 24 6.4 本章小结 .................................................................................................................................... 25 结 束 语 ............................................................................................................................................. 26 谢 辞 .................................................................................................................................................. 27 参 考 文 献 ....................................................................................................................................... 28

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