自考英语二第十三单元讲义

Unit 13 Text A

Live and Learn活到老，学到老

participate vi.参与, 参加, 分享, 分担 participate in 参加 e.g. She never participates in any of our discussions, does she? valedictory a.告别的，告辞的n.告别词

potential adj.潜在的, 可能的, 势的, 位的n.潜能, 潜力 graduation n.毕业, 毕业典礼, 刻度, 分等级 generation n.产生, 发生, 一代, 一代人

major n.<美>[教]主修课, [律]成年人adj.主修的, 成年的, 大调的vi.主修majority n.大多数

e.g. The majority of the employees have university degrees. administration n.管理, 经营, 行政部门

likely adj.很可能的, 合适的, 可靠的, 有希望的adv.或许, 很可能 costly adj.昂贵的, 贵重的

option n.选项, 选择权, [经]买卖的特权

institutionalize v.使制度化或习俗化, 使送进专门机构 standardize vt.使标准化，使统一 admission n.录取；进入；录取

commit vt.犯(错误), 干(坏事), 把...交托给, 提交, 答应负责 commit oneself to sth.作出承诺 reinforce vt.加强，增强

indicator n.指示物，指示者，指标 indicate v.指示

pursuit n.追求，探索 pursue vt.追求，寻找in pursuit of 追求

e.g. Many women find it difficult to conbine pursuing a career with having children.

exploratory a.探索的，探求的 explore v.探索 productive a.高产的，多产的 superficial a.表面的，肤浅的 abnormality n.变态，畸形 convince vt.使确信, 使信服

convince somebody of something convince sb.to do something Good grades and a good job are easy to get. A good education is a different story. 好分数和好工作都不难获得，但接受良好的教育却是另一回事。

Her eyelids sank from lack of sleep, but Teresa’s exams were always perfect, 由于睡眠不足，特丽萨的眼睑松垂，但她考试成绩总是出类拔萃，her writings longer than required（被动语态）, 作文写得比要求的长，and her math problems rewritten to ensure cleanness. 数学题目要再做一遍，以保证卷面整洁。 She played the violin and the piano, volunteered at the hospital, participated in various school clubs and enjoyed none of them.

她拉小提琴、弹钢琴，去医院做志愿者，参加学校里的各种俱乐部活动，虽然这些她一样也不真的喜欢。

It seemed that she was born to succeed and was more than willing to sacrifice herself in the name of achievement.

她好像天生就是为了取得成功，甘心情愿地把自己牺牲在成就名声当中。 I watched her as her laughter stopped.

我一直关注着她，直到她笑不出来。

And on Teresa’s graduation day, she wore the valedictory medal, but her eyes were empty.

特丽萨毕业的那天，她带着全优毕业生的奖章，双眼却空洞无神。

Many students today display a worrying tendency to choose universities, fields of study and careers on the basis of earning potential.

当今许多学生表现出一种让人不安的倾向，他们基于将来能挣多少钱的考虑来选择院校、研究领域和职业。

In a large 1989 survey of college students all over the U.S., 72 percent of the students reported that their primary goal in attending college was to make more money upon graduation.

1989年对全美国大学生的一项调查显示，72％的学生承认他们上大学的目的就是为了毕业后多挣钱。

This state of mind came with the present generation. 这种精神状态同当代大学生一起而来。

Studies show that the majority of baby boomers attended college to develop themselves, their critical（批判性的）thinking skills and their personal philosophies of life.

研究表明，1947-1961年间人口生育高峰时出生的大学生上大学是为了自我发展，培养批判思维能力和个人的人生哲学。

Nationally, the number of students going into business-related fields has sharply

increased, and this rise has been attributed primarily to the change in educational and career emphases.

从整个国家来看，从事与经济相关工作的毕业生人数已明显增长。这一增长主要由于教育和职业重点的转变所致。

At Duke, economics is now the most popular major, attracting nearly 15 percent of the undergraduates, while history majors are only 5 percent of the undergraduate population.

在杜克大学，经济学是现在最热门的专业，吸引了大约整个学校15％的本科生，而历史学系的学生仅占整个本科生比例的5％。

Thirty years ago the situation was reversed, with economic and business administration majors together being 8.7 percent of the undergraduates and almost 12 percent of the undergraduates declaring themselves history majors. 三十年前，情况恰好相反，主修经济学和商业管理的学生仅占本科生比例的7％，而几乎12％1~本科生是主修历史学的。

The number of English majors has also decreased, from 9 percent in 1969 to 5.5 percent today.

现在，主修英语语言文学的学生数量也有所下降，从1969年的9％下降到当今的5．5％。

Degrees in economics are popular and likely to offer their holders high salaries without the added effort of medical or law school.

经济学学位现在很是吃香，很有可能让毕业生拿到高薪，也不用像攻读医学或法律那样需要付出更多的努力。

And given the goals of the college students of this generation, such options are attractive.

从当代大学生的目标来看，经济学类确实很吸引人。

But certainly, everything has its price. 当然?办任何事情都要付出代价。

With this wrong idea of education, students convince themselves again and again that learning is a mechanism by which one reaches other goals.

由于这种错误教育观点的误导，学生们更加相信学习是个机械的手段，通过它可以实现其他的目标。

Having accepted this idea, students learn to demand little from their courses, little from their professors and little from themselves.

接受了这种观点之后，学生变得不愿再从所学课程中学习知识，不愿再从老师、再从自己那里学习知识。

They are satisfied with the game of institutionalized education – play by the rules, cheat in the exams, win the degree.

他们满足于这种程式化的教育--按规则游戏，考试时作弊，最后获得学位。

Educational administration encourages this attitude with an overemphasis on grades and standardized tests.

教育机构鼓励这种态度，过分强调考试成绩和标准化考试。

The college admission process, an imperfect science, can rarely distinguish between those students committed to learning and those committed to other

aims.

大学录取的过程并不完备，很难区分哪些学生是致力于学问研究的，哪些学生是想实现其他目的的。

As a result, the selection process often unintentionally reinforces this overemphasis on concrete indicators of achievement. 结果，录取过程无意间更加强调突出了学生的具体考分。

In this environment students are reminded that the measure of success in the GPA, and that their energies are best spent in pursuit of the goal rather than an exploratory pursuit for understanding.

在这种环境下，学生提醒自己成功的标准就是各科成绩的平均积分点，把绝大部分精力花在了追求目标而不是探求知识的理解上。 More often than not, they destroy themselves in the process. 在这一过程中，他们经常毁了自己。

Despite all the facts above, there is still hope to remain. 虽然有上面提到的各种现实, 但仍能看到希望存在。

Weak signs of idealism have been found in this generation, and strong individuals with deep desires to learn remain calm by the goals of their fellows. 理想主义的微弱迹象已经在当代人身上发现。有人意志坚强，渴求知识，不为同伴的目标吓倒。

Those students whose curiosity cannot be satisfied are few, but easy to identify in person.

这些求知欲难以满足的学生虽然数量不多，但能够相对容易地分辨出来。

They learn for the sake of learning, ask questions on any subject and regard each experience as an opportunity for a mental adventure.

他们为知识而学习，提问涉及各学科的问题，把每一次经历都看做思维探险的机会。

It is both idealistic and practical to suggest that universities should encourage a “life of the mind”.

大学应该鼓励\思维生活\，这既具理想化，又切合实际。

The person who likes to go to work in the morning will be more productive and more creative, and he will stop working late in life.

喜欢一大早就工作的人更具有创造性，效率也高，直到晚年才会停止工作。 By finding joy in their work, many individuals teach by example, and those around them develop a respect for education and an ability to find value and enjoyment in any situation.

他们在工作中找到了快乐，以自身为榜样，周围的人也对教育产生了敬意，逐渐有了一种在任何情况下发现价值和快乐的能力。

The process of learning and developing is more important than the result. 学习和自我发展的过程要比结果重要，

Understanding this can help find potential happiness in every moment, while focusing only on the result provides very short happiness upon achievement. 理解了这一点，就可以在每时每刻发现潜在的欢乐，而仅仅注重结果只会在取得成就的瞬间有即逝的快乐。

In treating learning as a means to an end, this generation has damaged the quality of their education and consequently, the quality of their life.

当代人把学习当做实现某一目的的手段，这损害了他们所受教育的质量，继而，他们生活的质量也受到损害。

Unaware and unashamed, some students are sacrificing their loves and their inner lives to pursue superficial goals, thereby, reinforcing social abnormalities which will persist until every Teresa takes responsibility reversing the trend. 既没有这种意识，也不感到羞耻，一些学生牺牲了自己的爱和内心生活来追逐表面的目标，结果加强了教育的社会畸形发展，只有当每一个像特丽萨那样的人承担起责任时，这一社会潮流才会扭转。

TEXT B

Save money for College on My Own自己挣钱上大学

descend vi.下来, 下降, 遗传(指财产,气质,权利), 突击, 出其不意的拜访v.下去 console vt.安慰，安抚

desperately adv. 极想要地，极强烈地 meager adj不足的，菲薄的

academic adj.学术的、学者的，学院的, 理论的 anticipation n.预测，预期 anticipate v.预期，预料 exhausting a.疲惫不堪的

hesitate vi.犹豫，踌躇 hesitate to do sth. hesitation n.

犹豫

feasible a.可行的，行的通的

ecstatic n.狂喜的人adj.狂喜的, 心醉神迷的, 入迷的 incredible a.难以置信的，惊人的 credible a.可信的，让人相信的 lack n.缺乏, 短缺的东西vt.缺乏, 没有, 需要vi.缺乏, 没有 on one’s own 独自，自己 in despair 绝望

stick out 对某事坚持到底 roll in 大量拥有 fix up 修理好，修补

I will never forget the day in my first year in high school. 我永远不会忘记读高一时的一天，

I was sitting on the stairs descending into the basement, putting my head in my hands and crying out in despair to my parents that I would never be able to save enough money for college.

我坐在通往地下室的楼梯上，双手抱着头，绝望地向父母哭诉说，我怎么也攒不够上大学的钱。

My parents tried to console me, but it seemed impossible to save $64,268, the cost for the private institution that I desperately wanted to attend.

父母极力安慰我，可当时要挣够64268美元(这是我迫切想上的那所私立大学的费用)，看来是不可能的。

Now let me tell you the amazing story of how I earned this sum of money.

现在让我告诉你我挣这笔钱的令人惊异的过程。

It all began with a paper route in Ankeny, Iowa. 一切是从我在依阿华州安克尼市送报纸时开始的。

I hated delivering that route, but was determined to stick it out for six months until my family moved to Wausau, Wisconsin.

我虽然很讨厌送报纸的那条路线，还是决定坚持下去，直到六个月后我们家搬往威斯康星州的沃索市。

With a few meager dollars from my paper route, my savings began to develop. 随着每次送报纸换来的几块钱，我的存款开始增加。

My next job was with an athletic company as a telephone customer service representative.

我的第二份工作是给一家运动员公司做电话客户服务代理。 The savings account continued to grow very slowly. 存折上的钱增长速度仍然很慢。

Then came the fall of my junior year of high school, and I began to work as a waitress at a restaurant.

在我上高二的秋季，我开始在一家餐馆当服务生。

It was hard work, but the money began to roll in and this job paid at least twice as much money per hour.

之后，工作很辛苦，但钱来得快，每小时的报酬至少要比原来多出一倍。

By the time my senior year arrived, I had saved a considerable amount of

money.

等到了高三，我已经存了数目可观的一笔的钱。

This was encouraging, but I knew that I would also need some help, so I began the process of applying for scholarships.

这颇让人鼓舞，但我知道这仍不够，所以就开始申请奖学金。 Sometimes it was discouraging because I was rejected again and again. 由于接二连三地遭到拒绝，有时我颇感沮丧。

Then, my first scholarship offer came in, $2,000 a year to play tennis. 后来我等来了第一笔奖学金，每年2000美元，条件是我得为学校打网球。 This is only a small dent at a school that costs approximately $14,000 a year, but it was a start.

进这所大学每年需要高达14000美元的学费，这2000美元只是杯水车薪，但仍不失为一个良好的开端。

Several other academic scholarships also came my way and soon my scholarships were up to $9,050.

之后，我又获得了几项学科奖学金，很快，奖学金的总额达到9050美元。 With the scholarships and my savings, I had enough money for my first year! 有了奖学金，再加上我自己的存款，第一年的学费足够了。

Another interesting development emerged. I began testing out of classes. 随之又有了进展，很有意思。我开始参加不同科目的免修考试。

Running anxiously to the mailbox in anticipation of my test scores became part of my daily routine.

每天焦虑不安地冲向邮箱，盼望能取得考试成绩，这成了我生活的一部分。 Excitement mounted as test after test came back with passing results. 当一个又一个考试通过的通知寄来时，

Each passing result saved me approximately $1,000 in tuition and then enabled me to graduate a year early.

激动之情也与之俱增。每通过一门科目的考试可节省约1000美元学费，还可以提前一年毕业。

This would save room and board expenses as well. 这样又可以省下一笔住宿费和伙食费。

Finally, I entered the institution. 我终于进了大学。

Because of my careful savings, I did not have to work during the school year. 由于精打细算，大学第一年里我不用去打工。

Then, summer came and it was time to work harder than ever. 但等暑假到来时，我得拼命去打工。

I continued working as a waitress at night, instructed tennis camps several mornings a week and worked as a secretary for a few hours in afternoons. . 我晚上继续在餐馆当服务生，同时每周几个上午去网球夏令营当教练，下午再做几个小时的秘书。

Being a little overzealous, I also decided to take a class at a community college. 我太心急，打工的同时又在社区大学修了一门课。

This class at the community college saved me $650. it was an exhausting summer

and made me anxious to return to my relatively easy life at college

这样，我又节省了650美元。夏季过完时，我已经疲惫不堪，盼望着开学后回到轻松一点的大学生活。

During my second and third years of undergraduate schooling, I decided to work about five hours per week in the campus admissions office answering phones.

大学的第二年和第三年，我决定在学校招生办公室每周工作5小时，接听电话。 This provided a little spending money and kept me from draining my savings. 这样我可以挣点儿零花钱，不必动用积蓄。

The overall situation looked hopeful as I approached my senior year as long as I could make as much money as I had the previous summer.

等进入第四学年时，只要暑假能再挣到上一个暑假那么钱就够了，我对自己已经很有信心。

I wanted to go to Israel to study for 3 weeks, but I hesitated in making this decision because it would cost me $1,600 more to get the credits in Israel. 可我同时还想去以色列学习3个星期。 当时我犹豫不决，因为去以色列修学分要多花1600美元。

About two weeks later my Mom called to tell me that I had $1,600 in the bank that I had forgotten about!

大约过了两个星期，我妈妈打电话告诉我，说我在银行里还存有1600美元，而我早把它忘 了!

One of my concerns about this trip was not only the cost, but the loss of time to

make money;

关于以色列之行除了费用之外，我的另外一个顾虑是失去了挣钱的时间。 however, I made as much that summer in the ten weeks when I was at home as I had made during the fourteen weeks when I was at home the summer before. 然而，那个暑假我在家住了10个星期，10个星期中挣的钱相当于上个暑假在家14个星期中挣的钱。

The way everything worked together to make this trip feasible was one of the most exciting things that have ever happened to me.

各种巧合使得我的以色列之行得以实现，这是我一生所经历过的最激动人心的事情之一。

Finally my senior year of college came and to keep things satisfactory, I decided to buy a car.

最后我进入大学的第四学年。为了事事都称心，我决定买辆车。

I obviously did not have a lot of money to spend on a car and yet I wanted something reliable to make the ten-hour trips between home and school not too tiring.

我显然不可能有太多的钱花在车上。但我需要一辆性能可靠的车，以便我能轻松地往返于家和学校之间(约10小时车程)。

I searched many newspaper ads and my father and I began searching for good used cars.

我开始搜寻报．纸上的广告。爸爸和我一起查找性能良好的二手车信息。 I was ecstatic when I found a crashed car that had been fixed up for only $4,200.

最后，我找到一辆撞毁后重新修复的车，只需4200美元，我欣喜若狂。

Then, I also attended an eight-week course on marriage and family in Colorado. 后来我还参加了科罗拉多州的一个为期8周的关于婚姻和家庭的研习班。 This was an incredible experience that taught me a great deal about my worldview and how to develop a healthy family.

这是一次不可思议的经历，它改变了我的世界观，并教会了我如何建立一个健康的家庭。

This experience was also very costly, ：$4,000. 然而这次经历的花费也不低：4000美元。

I was surprised to find that I had graduated with no debt and so many remarkable journeys along the way.

等我毕业时，我惊奇地发现，我没有任何负债，还在大学期间进行了那么多令人难忘的旅行。

This experience has shaped me in many important ways. 这些经历在我身上产生了重大影响。

The first thing that I learned was the importance of a strong work ethic. 首先我学到了坚定的敬业精神的重要性。

Working long hours did a lot to mold my character and helped me learn the value of a dollar.

连续工作数小时塑造了我的性格，并让我懂得了每一元钱的价值。 It also made me learn how to craft creative solutions to difficult dilemmas.

我还学会了在遇到难题时如何设计出富有创意的解决办法。

Whenever I am overwhelmed or afraid of the future, I can remember my $64,268 miracle.

每当我对未来感到不知所措或惧怕时，我就会想到我那64268美元的奇迹。

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