名校四级密卷华东师范大学卷（阅读部分）

中国名校四级密卷---华东师范大学卷

发布日期：[2003-12-23 9:27:59]

考试说明与要求

1.《中国名校四级密卷》共16套，由全国16所著名高校的大学英语教学专家，每人命题一套，讲解一套，16套密卷集中国名校之大成，尽显中国名家之风采。

2.语言课是实践课，实践课必须用足够的实践量作保证。所以本书提倡增大测试量，提高测试频率。建议考生每周自我测试两套试卷，两个月做完全书。

3.考试时严格按大学英语四级考试实战要求操作。第一、测试时间为120分钟，连续做题，不要中断。第二、自我约束，不看答案和详解。遇到生词，结合上下文猜词义，不要查词典。第三、调整心态，沉着考试。既不要紧张，也不要随心所欲。

4.考试时基本上按试卷各部分内容所分配的时间答题，避免某个部分花时间太多，以致于没有足够时间做短文写作的情况出现。

5.每次自测完后，及时核对参考答案。对于似是而非之题，参看试卷的答案详解，究根到底，直至知其所以然为止。对于做错的题目，要作为重点进行学习，弄通弄懂，不要留到第二天。 6.学习是同遗忘作斗争的过程，因此，考前有必要复习16套试卷中自测时做错的所有题目。

Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage One

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

Even if all the technical and intellectual problems can be solved, there are major social problems inherent in the computer revolution. The most obvious is unemployment, since the basic purpose of commercial computerization is to get more work done by fewer people. One British study predicts that “automation induced unemployment” in Western Europe could reach 16% in the next decade, but most analyses are more optimistic. The general rule seems to be that new technology eventually creates as many jobs as it destroys, and often more. “People who put in computers usually increase their staffs as well,” says CPT’s Scheff. “Of course,” he adds,“ one industry may kill another industry. That’s tough on some people.”

Theoretically, all unemployed workers can be retrained, but retraining programs are not high on the nation’s agenda(议程). Many new jobs, moreover, will require an ability in using computers, and the retraining needed to use them will have to be repeated as the technology keeps improving. Says a chilling report by the Congressional Office of

Technology Assessment: “Lifelong retraining is expected to become the standard for many people.” There is already considerable evidence that

the school children now being educated in the use of computers are generally the children of the white middle class. Young blacks, whose unemployment rate stands today at 50%, will find another barrier in front of them.

Such social problems are not the fault of the computer, of course, but a consequence of the way the American society might use the computer. “Even in the days of the big, main-frame computers, when they were a machine for the few,” says Katherine Davis Fishman, author of The Computer Establishment, “it was a tool to help the rich get richer. It still is to a large extent. One of the great values lot the personal computer is that smaller firms, smaller organizations can now have some of the advantages of the bigger, organizations.” 21. The closest restatement of “one industry may kill another industry”. (Sent. 6, Para.1). is that .

A) industries tend to compete with one another B) industries tend to combine into bigger ones

C) one industry may increase its staff at the expense of another D) one industry might be driven out of business by another industry 22. The word “chilling” (Sent. 3, Para. 2) most probably means . A) discouraging B) convincing C) misleading D) interesting 23. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? A) Computers are efficient in retraining unemployed workers.

B) Computers may offer more working opportunities than they destroy. C) Computers will increase the unemployment rate of young blacks. D) Computers can help smaller organizations to function more effectively. 24. From the passage it can be inferred that .

A) all school children are offered a course in the use of computer B) all unemployed workers are being retrained

C) in reality only a certain portion of unemployed workers will be retrained D) retraining programmes are considered very important by the government 25. The major problem discussed in the passage is.

A) the importance of lifelong retraining of the unemployed workers B) the social consequences of the widespread use of computers in the United States

C) the barrier to the employment of young people D) the general rule of the advancement of technology Passage Two

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.

We are all naturally attracted to people with ideas, beliefs and interests like our own. Similarly, we feel comfortable with people with physical qualities similar to ours.

You may have noticed how people who live or work closely together come to behave in a similar way. Unconsciously,we copy those we are close to

or love or admire. So a sportsman’s individual way of walking with raised shoulders is imitated by an admiring fan; a pair of lovers both shake their heads in the same way; an employee finds himself duplicating his boss’s habit of wagging a pen between his fingers while thinking.

In every case, the influential person may not consciously notice the imitation, but he will feel comfortable in its presence. And if he does notice the matching of his gestures or movements, he finds it pleasing he is influencing people: they are drawn to him.

Sensitive people have been mirroring their friends and acquaintances all their lives, and winning affection and respect in this way without being aware of their methods. Now, for people who want to win agreement or trust, affection or sympathy, some psychologists recommend the deliberate use of physical mirroring.

The clever saleswoman echoes her lady customer’s movements, tilting her head in the same way to judge a color match, or folding her arms a few seconds after the customer, as though consciously attracted by her. The customer feels that the saleswoman is in sympathy with her, and understands her needs - a promising relationship for a sate to take place. The clever lawyer trying in a law-court to influence a judge, imitates the great man’s shrugging of his shoulders, the tone of his voice and the rhythm of his speech. Of course, physical mirroring must be subtle. If you blink every time your target blinks, or bite your bottom lip every time he does, your mirroring has become mockery and you can expect trouble. So, if you can’t model sympathetically, don’t play the game.

26. According to the passage, “physical mirroring,” (Sent. 2, Para. 4) means .

A) the attraction to people with ideas, beliefs and interests like our own

B) the comfortable feeling about people with physical qualities similar to ours

C) the fact that people living or working closely together behave in a similar way

D) the imitation of the gestures or movements of those we are close to, or love, or admire

27. Which of the following is NOT a deliberate use of physical mirroring, according to the author?

A) A saleswoman tilts her head after her customer to judge a color match. B) A lawyer emulates the tone of the judge’s voice and the rhythm of his speech.

C) Sensitive people have been mirroring their friends all their lives. D) A naughty boy blinks every time the teacher blinks. 28. Which of the following is true?

A) Sensitive people have been mirroring their friends and acquaintances

because they want to win their affection and respect in this way.

B) The clever saleswoman echoes her lady customer’s movements because she is unconsciously attracted by her.

C) The lawyer who imitates the judge is trying to influence him.

D) Physical mirroring is always flattering to those who are imitated. 29. Physical mirroring can cause trouble if .

A) the person mirrored finds that people are drawn to him B) the mirroring has become mockery

C) the lawyer shrugs his shoulders the way the judge does D) it has been found to be deliberately used

30. The paragraph following this passage will most probably move on to . A) some ways to prevent physical mirroring from offending B) the importance of physical mirroring in daily life

C) an example of physical mirroring by a behavioral scientist

D) the troubles caused by the deliberate use of physical mirroring Passage Three

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.

The table before which we sit may be, as the scientist maintains, composed of dancing atoms, but it does not reveal itself to us as anything of the kind, and it is not with dancing atoms but a solid and motionless object that we live. So remote is this “real” table——and most of the other “realities” with which science deals——that it cannot be

discussed in terms which have any human value, and though it may receive our purely intellectual credence it cannot be woven into the pattern of life as it is led, in contradistinction to life as we attempt to think about it. Vibrations in the ether(以太) are so totally unlike the color, purple that the gulf between them cannot be bridged, and they are, to all intents and purposes，not one but two separate things of which the second and less “real” must be the most significant for us. And just as the sensation which has led us to attribute all objective reality to a non-existent thing which we called “purple” is more important for human life than the conception of vibrations of a certain frequency; so too the belief in God; however ill founded, has been more important in the life of man than the germ theory of true the latter may be.

We may, if we like, speak of consequence, as certain mystics love to do, of the different levels or orders of truth. We may adopt what is essentially a Platonistic (布拉图式的) trick of thought and insist upon postulating the existence of external realities which correspond to the needs and modes of human feeling and which, so we may insist, have their being in some part of the universe unreachable by science. But to do so is to make an unwarrantable assumption and to be guilty of the metaphysical fallacy of failing to distinguish between a truth of feeling and that other sort of truth which is described as “truth of correspondence” and it is better perhaps, at least for those of us who have grown up in an age

of scientific thought, to steer clear of such confusions and to rest content with the admission that, though the universe with which science deals is the real universe, yet we do not and cannot have any but fleeting and imperfect contacts with it; that the most important part of our lives-our sensations, emotions, desires and aspirations-take place in a universe of illusions which science can attenuate or destroy, but which it is powerless to enrich.

31. The author suggests that in order to bridge the puzzling difference between scientific truth and the world of illusion, the reader should. A) try to rid himself of his world of illusion B) accept his words as being one of illusion C) apply the scientific method D) learn to acknowledge both

32. Judging from the ideas and tone of the selection, one may reasonably guess that the author is . A) a humanist B) a pantheist

C) a nuclear physicist D) a doctor of medicine

33. According to this passage, a scientist would conceive of a “table” as being .

A) a solid motionless object

B) certain characteristic vibrations in “ether” C) a form fixed in space and time D) a mass of atoms in motion

34. The topic of this selection is. A) the distortion of reality by science B) the confusion caused by emotions

C) Platonic and contemporary views of truth D) the place of scientific truth in our lives

35. By “objective reality” (Last Sent. Para. 1) the author means. A) scientific reality B) a symbolic existence C) the viewer’s experience D) reality colored by emotion Passage Four

Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.

Merchant and passenger ships are generally required to have a life preserver for every person aboard and, in many cases, a certain percentage of smaller sizes for children. According to United States requirements, life preservers must be simple in design, reversible capable of being quickly adjusted to fit the uninitiated individual, and must be so designed as to support the wearer in the water in an upright or slightly backward position.

Sufficient buoyancy(浮力) to support the wearer should be retained by the life preserver after 48 hours in the water, and it should be reliable

even after long period of storage. Thus it should be made of materials resistant to sunlight, gasoline, and oils, and it should be not easily set on fire.

The position in which the life preserver will support a person who jumps or falls into the water is most important, as is its tendency to turn the wearer in the water from a face-down position to an upright or slightly backward position, with his face clear of the water, even when the wearer is exhausted or unconscious.

The method of adjustment to the body should be simple, and

self-evident to uninitiated persons even in the dark under the confused conditions, which follow a disaster. Thus, the life preserver should be reversible that it is nearly impossible to get it on wrong. Catches, straps, and ties should be kept to a minimum. In addition, the life preserver must be adjustable to the wide variety of shapes and sizes of wearers, since this greatly affects the position of floating and the self-righting qualities. A suitable life preserver should also be comfortable to wear at all times, in and out of the water, not so heavy as to encourage to take it off on shipboard while the ship is in danger, nor so burdensome that it hinders a person in the water while trying to swim. 36. The passage is mainly about. A) the uses of life preservers B) the design of life preservers C) the materials for life preservers D) the buoyancy of life preservers

37. According to the passage, a life preserver should be first of all . A) adjustable B) comfortable C) self-evident D) self-righting

38. United States Coast Guard does NOT require the life preserver to be made .

A) with as few strings as possible B) capable of being worn on both sides C) according to each wearer’s size D) comfortable and light to wear 39. By “the uninitiated individual” (Para. 1, Line 4) the author refers to the person .

A) who has not been instructed how to use a life preserver B) who has a little experience in using a life preserver C) who uses a life preserver without permission D) who becomes nervous before a disaster

40. What would happen if a person were supported by the life preserver in a wrong position?

A) The waves would move him backwards. B) The water would choke him.

C) He would immediately sink to the bottom. D) He would be exhausted or unconscious.

答案部分 Passage One

内容概要：本文主要围绕计算机的发展是否会给人们的就业带来问题展开讨论。 21. 【答案】D。

【译文】一家企业可能会被另一家企业挤跨。 【试题分析】直接题型语义指代题。 【详细解答】参阅第一段倒数第三句，destroy与本题正确选项中的be driven out of 相关。 22. 【答案】A。

【译文】“Chilling”的意思可能为令人心灰意冷的。 【试题分析】语义指代题。

【详细解答】chilling 有令人不舒服之意，参阅第二段第三句，选项中只有A项意思同chilling最接近。 23. 【答案】A。

【译文】计算机在失业工人再培训上很有效率。 【试题分析】直接题型细节辨别题。

【详细解答】参阅第二段第二句，就可以得出正确答案。 24. 【答案】C。

【译文】现实中只有一部分失业工人会受到再培训。 【试题分析】暗示推断题。

【详细解答】参阅第二段第一句后半句“but retraining programs are not high on the nation’s agenda”, but前后互为反义 ，因此C是最佳答案。 25. 【答案】B。

【译文】美国广泛使用计算机造成的社会影响。 【试题分析】段尾结论题。

【详细解答】参阅第三段第一句“Such social problems are not the fault of the computer, of course, but a consequence of the way the American society might use the computer”.我们可以判断B项是最佳答案。 Passage Two

内容概要：古语云“物以类聚，人以群分”，本文主要讲述了人在交际中是如何受别人影响同时也影响别人的，同时也陈述了模仿别人行为的利弊。 26. 【答案】D。

【译文】根据文间“physical mirroring”的意思为模仿那些我们身旁的，喜爱的和羡慕的人的姿态和行为。 【试题分析】直接题型语义指代。

【详细解答】参阅第二段第二句，copy 与本题正确选项imitation相关，本文中不断用不同词表达相同意义，突出全文的主题思想。 27. 【答案】C

【译文】敏感的人一生都在模仿他们的朋友的行为。 【试题分析】细节辨别是非题。

【详细解答】参阅第四段第一句的前半句“Sensitive people have been

mirroring their friend and acquaintances all their lives”,我们可推出选项C是符合题意的 28. 【答案】C。

【译文】律师模仿法官是为了影响他的行为。 【试题分析】细节辨别题。

【详细解答】参阅第六段“ The clever lawyer, trying in a law court to influence a judge, imitates the great man’s shrugging of his shoulders,...”我们可得知选项C是最佳答案。 29. 【答案】B。

【译文】当模仿变成嘲弄时，模仿会导致麻烦。 【试题分析】事实细节题。 【详细解答】根据第七段第二句“If you blink...you can expect trouble”,可知只有B项最合适。 30. 【答案】C。

【译文】由行为科学家来对模仿作一番解释。 【试题分析】暗示推断题。

【详细解答】根据第七段第一句“Of course, physical mirroring must be subtle”, 从subtle这一词的内涵我们可推断接下来作者要对行为模仿进行解释，故C是最佳选项。 Passage Three

内容概要：本文简要陈述了生活中的一些真理及人对待真理的态度。 31. 【答案】B。

【译文】作者暗示为了联系起科学世界和虚幻世界的不同点，把他的话当作一种假相。

【试题分析】间接题型段尾结论题。

【详细解答】根据第二段最后一句话，我们可推出B是正确答案。 32. 【答案】A。

【译文】由文章的观点及语气可推知作者是人文主义者。 【试题分析】暗示推断题。 【详细解答】文中第一段第一句后半句提到“...but a solid and motionless object that we live”由此我们可以推出该作者是一位人文主义者。 33. 【答案】D。

【译文】根据文间，科学家相信“table”就是一群运动的原子。 【试题分析】直接题型语义指代题。 【详细解答】根据第一段第一句的前半句“...but it does not reveal itself to us as anything of the kind, and it is not with dancing atoms ...”我们可推出D是正确答案。 34. 【答案】D。

【译文】文章的主题为生活中科学真理的地位。 【试题分析】段首主旨题。

【详细解答】从第二段最后一句后半句“...that the most important part of our lives-our sensations, emotions, desires and aspirations-takes place in a universe of illusions which science can attenuate or destroy, but which it is powerless to enrich.”我们可以推断出本文只要讲了科学真

理在现实生活中的地位。因而答案应选D。 35. 【答案】A。

【译文】对于作者，“objective reality”意味着科学现实。 【试题分析】语义指代题。

【详细解答】根据文章最后一段，我们可得知“objective reality”即科学现实的意思，因而，答案应该选A。 Passage Four

内容概要：本文主要讲了救生衣的设计，并围绕影响救生衣设计的诸多因素展开讨论。

36. 【答案】B。

【译文】文章主要讲述了救生衣的设计。 【试题分析】间接题型段首主旨题。

【详细解答】C项和D项都是对救生衣设计中设计材料的说明。A项为陷阱，指救生衣的用途，尽管开头提到，但范围不着边际。故只有B是正确选项。 37. 【答案】D。

【译文】根据文章，救生衣首先会自动扶正。 【试题分析】事实细节题。 【详细解答】本文第三段主要讨论救生衣落水位置，应设计的能“自动扶正”,或稍向后仰。B项是对材料的描述，范围太窄，而A和C不合题意，因此D是正确答案。

38. 【答案】C。

【译文】美国海岸巡逻队不需要救生衣根据穿戴者的尺寸生产。 【试题分析】事实细节题。

【详细解答】A项和B项都涉及method，其相关部分见最后一段第三句，A，B，D三项都是文章中提及的，C项与本题无关的内容，因此应该选C。 39. 【答案】A。 【译文】“the uninitiated individual”作者指的是不知道怎么使用救生衣的人。

【试题分析】语义指代题。

【详细解答】根据文章最后一段第一句，我们可推出“the uninitiated individual”就是指的那些不知道怎么使用救生衣的人。故A是正确选项。 40. 【答案】D。

【译文】如果一个人没有正确使用救生衣，就会发生什么？ 【试题分析】细节辨别题。

【详细解答】第三段第一句后半句中a face-down position和本题中的 in a wrong position相对应。因此选项D“他可能太累了或者是已经失去知觉”是正确答案。

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