18年高考英语二轮复习专题08阅读填空练含解析1803071144

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【2017·北京卷】第二节 （共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. 71

One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 72 We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.

Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day. 73

Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 74 The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.

If Tononi’s theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night`s, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information — our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.

Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. 75 “You keep what matters,” Tononi says. A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.

B. It’s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.

C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick. D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.

E. That’s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning. F. “Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea. G. Tononi’s team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.

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【答案】71C 72E 73F 74G 75B 【解析】

73.根据下文中的he，可知此处要提到一个人，以及他的理论，正好F项中有，故选F。

74.根据下文中提到的关键词synapses in the mice以及整个句子可知，他肯定做了关于老鼠的实验，G项有关键词synapses，mice，都与他的实验有关，故答案为G。

75.根据后一句提到的You keep what matters,你记住重要的东西，可知大脑会把最重要的记忆保存下来，前后逻辑关系顺畅，故选B。 【名师点睛】

1、先看选项。跟完形填空不一样，七选五的答案选项较少，并且给出的都是句子，因此，我们可以通过句子的完整性或者句子后面的标点符号来判断该句在文章中的位置。另外，通过阅读选项，有可能找出跟其他选项表达完全不同意思的句子，这样的话我们就可以直接将该选项排除。

2、再看空前空后。由于七选五空出的是整个句子，而这些句子与句子之间，必然有一种联系，因此我们可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。

3、注意代词或定冠词。在做这类题目的时候，一定要注意句子中出现的人称代词或者指示代词，因为我们知道，代词是指代一个名词或者一个句子的，然后通过代词在句子中所做的成分我们可以推断出它指代的句子的类型，我们要做的就是从选项中找这类句型就可以了。比如第73题，代词的作用就体现的非常明显，如果看不到下文中的he，很难做出判断，但是只要看到了就会马上去设想前面必然会提到某个男性的人物，然后根据语境很快就可以锁定选项F，答案自然很快就可以确定。

4、注意一些特殊疑问词。如果选项中或空前出现特殊疑问词，一定要把这句话仔细读几遍，因为对于不同特殊疑问词的回答方式是不一样的，比如对why的回答，后面要有because等表原因的词，对when的回答，后面要有表时间的状语，对where的回答，后面要有表地点的名词，对how的回答，后面要有方式状语等。

5、注意一些连词。如一些表示转折的连词，but，However，yet，though，nevertheless等，另外还有一些表示并列关系的连词如and，also，aswellas，neithernor，eitheror，notonly...butalso，

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ononehand....ontheotherhand等。因为这些连词可以表现句子与句子之间的关系，通过不同的连词我们可以推知句子与句子之间不同的关系。

【2017·浙江卷】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

How to Do Man-on-the-Street Interviews

The man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the sport. _____31_____ But with these tips, your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy.

? When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story,

think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it. For example, if your topic is about environmental problems in America, you might ask, “Why do you think environmental protection is important in America?” _____32_____

? Hit the streets with confidence. _____33_____ Say, “Excuse me, I work for XYZ News, and I

was wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic.” This is a quick way to get people to warm up to you.

Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not intereste Don’t get discouraged.

● 34 Each interview that you get on the street shouldn’t be longer than ten minutes. As soon as you get the answer you need, move on to the next person. Make sure that as you go from interview to interview, you are getting a variety of answers. If everyone is giving you the same answer, you won’t be able to use it. A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten. 35 ● If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on the air, don’t leave work without them. A. Limit your time.

B. As you approach people, be polite.

C. If you don’t own a camera, you can buy one.

D. For new reporters, this can seem like a challenging task. E. To get good and useful results, ask them the same question. F. That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need.

G. With a question like this, you will get more than a “Yes” or “No” reply.

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【解析】

33.B根据空格后一句所说的很有礼貌的提问，可知这里的建议应该是提问时要注意礼貌，而选项B中的polite正好与其相呼应，故选B.

34.A根据空格后一句“Each interview that you get on the street shouldn’t be longer than ten minutes.”可知这一段的建议是要限制采访的时间，故选A.

35.F根据空格前一句“A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten”, 而选项F中“That number of interviews…”正好与其相呼应，故选F. 【名师点睛】

本文【小题34】属于七选五阅读中最常见的设空在段首的方法，通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。本题我们根据空格后一句“Each interview that you get on the street shouldn’t be longer than ten minutes.”可知这段要求我们采访时要限制时间。故A项为本段主题句。

当七选五阅读设空在句首时，还可能存在以下两种情况：

1. 属于段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。

2. 与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有 某种的衔接手段，尤其当选项是几句话时。比如，如果选项中出现时间年代时，往往要注意与原文中年代的前后对应关系。 考点：考查说明文阅读

[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Secret codes(密码) keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.

People have used secret codes for thousands of years. __36__ Code breaking never lags(落

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后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.

There are three main types of cryptography. __37__ For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me”．

__38__ You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Let's number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 5 20 13 5.”

A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. __39__ For example, “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me”. The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me”. __40__ However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.

A．It is very hard to break a code without the code book. B．In any language, some letters are used more than others. C．Only people who know the keyword can read the message.

D．As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.

E．You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. F．With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words. G．Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.

38．G 考查推理判断及语境理解。根据后面的解释内容可以判断这是介绍密码设置的又一种方法，故判断G选项符合语境。

39．F 考查推理判断及语境理解。根据后面的举例以及前句中的 a code book可以判断该句是介绍密码书的使用，故判断F选项可以起到承上启下的作用。

40．A 考查推理判断及语境理解。根据空后内容的转折可知尽管利用密码书可以破译密码，但是一本密码书也很难长时间的保密，故判断A选项符合语境。

[2016·全国卷Ⅱ]

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A garden that's just right for you

Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts? __16__. But it doesn't happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.

●__17__

Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of colour. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料). __18__. However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.

●Recall (回忆) your childhood memories

Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma's rose garden and Dad's vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that's not what's important. __19__—how being in those gardens made us feel. If you'd like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. __20__. Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun.

A. Know why you garden

B. Find a good place for your own garden

C. It's our experience of the garden that matters D. It's delightful to see so many beautiful flowers

E．Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants F．You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too G．For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have

17．A 考查语境理解及主题句。综合本段的信息，尤其是“…there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.”可知，我们首先要明白自己为什么要建造这个花园，这与A的意义一致。

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18．E 考查上下文的语境理解。根据空格前面的“Some people may think that a garden is no more…Others are concerned about using gardening methods…”可知，有些人认为花园只是一些花花草草，另一些人则关心使用更少的水和更少的肥料。因此此处仍然是在说人们对于园艺有着不同的看法，这与E项的内容一致。

19．C 考查上下文的语境理解。根据前句的意思“……那些都不重要”可知本空强调的是在园艺中对我们来说真正重要的是什么。故C项“重要的是我们搞园艺的经历”符合上下文的语境。

20．G 考查上下文的语境理解。这一部分主要介绍建造属于自己的花园的时候，要回忆一下年幼的时候看到的那些花园，并分别记录它们各自的优点和缺点，为制订自己的花园计划打下基础，因此选G。

[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Everyone knows that fish is good for health. __16__ But it seems that many people don't cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn't difficult. __17__ This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.

__18__ Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you're standing at the ocean's edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn't fresh. __19__ When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you'd better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don't cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isn't as tasty as the fresh one.

There are many common methods used to cook fish. __20__ First, clean it and season it with your choice of spices(调料). Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound. (A larger one will take more time.) Then, it's ready to serve.

A. Do not buy it.

B. The easiest is to steam it. C. This is how you can do it.

D. It just requires a little knowledge. E．The fish will go bad within hours.

F．When buying fish, you should first smell it.

G．The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.

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【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文，介绍了吃鱼对人的好处，以及新鲜鱼的挑选及烹饪方法。

18. F 由空格后的句子说“新鲜的鱼闻起来应该味道鲜美”可知上一句应该是说“你买鱼的时候应该首先闻一闻”。故选F项。

19. A 由上一句说“任何鱼腥味或者难闻的腥臭味都意味着鱼不新鲜了”可知下一句应该是说“不要买这样的鱼”。故选A项。

20. B 空格前的句子说“烹饪鱼有多种常见的方法”，后面介绍蒸鱼的步骤，由此可知空格处的句子应该是关于蒸鱼的。故选B项。

[2015·全国卷Ⅱ]

Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady，gradual increases in the length of the runs.__36__，buy the best-fitting，best-built running shoes you can find.No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet，so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.When you have found shoes that seem right，walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit.__37__．As always，you should stretch(伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.

During the first week，do not think about distance，but run five minutes longer each day.__38__，it is wise to take a day off to rest.But during the next week，set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run.__39__．After two weeks，start timing yourself.__40__．Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter，you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.

A．After six days

B．For a good marathon runner C．Before you begin your training

D．With each day，increase the distance by a half mile E．If they still feel good，you can begin running in them F．Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training

G．Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time

【文章大意】 本文主要介绍了进行马拉松训练的具体做法。首先要为训练做好准备：准备好跑鞋以及训练

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前的热身动作。第一周：训练跑步时间的逐天增加；第二周：训练跑步距离的逐天增加；两周后，开始计时跑，制订逐步提高跑步时间和距离的计划。

38. A 考查上下文的语境理解。根据该空前面提供的语境“During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day.”可知这里提到了一周即七天的时间，再根据空格后面的“it is wise to take a day off to rest”可知剩余的就是六天的时间，与A项意思一致。 39. D 考查上下文的语境理解。该空前面提供的语境“But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run.”与D项的“每天增加半英里”意义相符。

40. G 考查上下文的语境理解。此句的前两句提到了逐日增加跑步的长度，两周后开始计时，与G中的“improving distance and time(提高你的距离和时间)”有关。

[2015·全国卷Ⅰ]

Building trust in a relationship again

Trust is a learned behaviour that we gain from past experiences. 36.________ Trust is a risk. But you can't be successful when there's a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.

Unfortunately, we've all been victims of betrayal. Whether we've been stolen from, lied to, misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can't trust anymore. 37.________ It's understandable, but if you're willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there.

· 38.________ Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.

· 39.________ If you've been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there's a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, we'll have our trust tested or violated.

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· You didn't lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 40.________ Instead, it's a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.

A．Learn to really trust yourself. B．It is putting confidence in someone. C．Stop regarding yourself as the victim.

D．Remember that you can expect the best in return.

E．They've been too badly hurt and they can't bear to let it happen again.

F．This knowledge carries over in their attitude towards their future relationships. G．Seeing the positive side of things doesn't mean you're ignoring what happened.

38．A 根据后句“Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.”可知此段主要讲述要学会相信自己。故选A。

39．C 根据后句“If you've been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance.”可知此段主要讲述不要一直认为自己是受害者。故选C。

40．G 根据前一句“Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life.”和后一句“Instead, it's a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.”可知，我们既要看到事情积极的方面，也不要忽视所发生的事情。故选G。 【2014全国卷Ⅰ】

第二节 （共3小题，每小题3分，满分15分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

The jobs of the future have not been invented, 36 By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.

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1. Curiosity

Your children need to be deeply curious. 37 Ask kids, “What ingredients (配料) can we add to make these pancakes even better next time” and then try them out. Did those ingredients make the pancakes better? What could we try next time? 2. Creativity

True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it. 38 There are a dozen different things you can do with them. Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their Creativity. 3. Interpersonal Skills

Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids. We know what is going on inside our own head, but what about others? Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions. 39 “Why do you think she is crying?” “Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face?” “If someone were to do that to you, how would you feel?” 4. Self Expression

40 There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas ?a music, acting, drawing, building, photography. You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another. A. Encourage kids to cook with you. B. And we can’t forget science education.

C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways. D. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don’t yet exist? E. Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill. F. We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories. G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill. 【答案】 【小题1】D 【小题2】A 【小题3】C 【小题4】F 【小题5】G

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【解析】

【2014全国卷Ⅱ】

第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分）

根据短文内容， 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Tips for Cooking on a Tight Schedule

From my experience , there are three main reasons why people don’t cook more often :ability , money , and time 36 .Money is a topic I’ll save for another day .So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spent in the kitchen .Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule :

1. Think ahead .The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I’m already hungry and

there’s nothing ready to eat .So think ahead of the coming week .When will you have time to cook ?Do you have the right materials already ? 37 .

2. Make your time worth it .When you do find time to cook a meal , make the most of it and save

yourself time later on .Are you making one loaf of bread ? 38 .It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something .So save yourself the effort for future meal .

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3. 39 This may surprise you , but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time

is experimentation .It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule. The more you learn and the more you try, the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.

Hopefully that gives you a good start. 40_______ And don’t let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!

A. Try new things.

B. Ability is easily improved. C. Make three or four instead. D. Understand your food better. E. Cooking is a burden for many people.

F. Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden. G. A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.

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【2013全国卷Ⅰ】

第二节(共5小题:每小题2分，满分10分)

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。 选项中有两项为多余选项。

Business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want. The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services. Most business seek to make a profit(利润) - that aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business. 71 Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers. 72 .

Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the operations of a business. 73 One is the establishment (制定)of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting. 74 The third relates to the establishment of standards of word in all departments. Direction is concerned primarily with supervision(监管)and guidance by the management in authority. 75

A. Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.

B. In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management. C. Examples of nonprofit business include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.

D. However, some businesses only seek to enough to cover their operating costs E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments. F. In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.

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G Planning in business management has three main aspects.

【2013全国卷Ⅱ】

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

根据根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多于选项。

Public Speaking Training

·Get a coach

51 ，so get help. Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready

to offer you public speaking training and courses, here are some things to look for when deciding the training that's right for you. ·Focus on positives

Any training you do to become more effective at public speaking should always focus on the

positive aspects of what you already do well. Nothing can hurt confidence more than being told

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that you aren't doing well. , so good public speaking training should develop those instead of telling you what you shouldn't do. ·

If you find a public speaking course that looks as though it's going to give you lots of dos and don'ts, walk away! Your brain is so full of what you're going to be talking about.

54 . As far as we're concerned, there are basically no hard and fast rules about public

speaking. Your audience can be your friends. ·You are a special person not a clone

Most importantly, good public speaking training should treat you as a special one, with your own personal habits. 55 . Your training course should help you bring out your personality, not try to turn you into someone you're not.

A. You aren't like anybody else B. You already do lots of things well C. Turn your back on too many rules D. Check the rules about dos and don'ts

E. Whatever the presentation, public speaking is tough F .The one thing you don't want is for them to fall asleep

G. So trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse 【答案】51. E 52. B 53. C 54. G 55. A 【解析】

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that you aren't doing well. , so good public speaking training should develop those instead of telling you what you shouldn't do. ·

If you find a public speaking course that looks as though it's going to give you lots of dos and don'ts, walk away! Your brain is so full of what you're going to be talking about.

54 . As far as we're concerned, there are basically no hard and fast rules about public

speaking. Your audience can be your friends. ·You are a special person not a clone

Most importantly, good public speaking training should treat you as a special one, with your own personal habits. 55 . Your training course should help you bring out your personality, not try to turn you into someone you're not.

A. You aren't like anybody else B. You already do lots of things well C. Turn your back on too many rules D. Check the rules about dos and don'ts

E. Whatever the presentation, public speaking is tough F .The one thing you don't want is for them to fall asleep

G. So trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse 【答案】51. E 52. B 53. C 54. G 55. A 【解析】

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