英汉笔译例句

English-Chinese Translation Conversion (Part I)

II. Into Nouns 1. V→N

1) A government report targets earning from tourism at 200 million US dollars by 2007.

政府的一份报告提出一个目标：到2007年旅游业收入要达到2亿美元。 2) What impressed me most was his courage in the face of the death. 给我留下最深刻印象的是他面对死亡时所表现出的勇气。 3) He was blacklisted for striking his boss. 他因殴打上司而上了黑名单。

4) A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, sat into the car. 一位穿着讲究的人坐进汽车里，他的外表和言谈像是美国人。 5) The Greek word ―atom‖ means ―cannot be cut‖. 希腊语“原子”一词的意思是“不可分割”。 6) Mercury weighs about thirteen times as much as water. 水银的比重约为水的十三倍。

7) The earth on which we live is shaped like a ball. 我们居住的地球，形状就像一个球。

8) The electric current is defined as a stream of electrons flowing through a conductor. 电流的定义是流经一个导体的电子流。

9) The volume of trade has increased tremendously to the advantage of both countries.

贸易量有了很大的增加，给两国都带来了益处。

2. 受到??+n. 加以??+n.

1) His image as a good student was badly tarnished. 他作为一个好学生的形象，已遭受到很大的玷污。

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English-Chinese Translation 3. A→N

1) The mayor said that his city government will do its best to build a school for the blind and the deaf.

市长说市政府将尽一切努力为盲人和聋哑人修建一所学校。

2) The young and the old should unite in shaping a fuller and more meaningful life for all.

青年人和老年人应该团结起来，为大家创造更美满、更有意义的生活。 3) Under given conditions, the harmful can be transformed into the beneficial. 在一定条件下，坏事可以变成好事。

4) The social scientists have a keen sense of the new and the old. 社会科学家对新旧事物感觉敏锐。 5) The new treaty would be good for ten years. 新条约的有效期为10年。

6) It is a fact that glass is much more soluble than quartz. 事实上，玻璃的可溶性比石英大得多。

7) In fission processes, the fission fragments are very radioactive. 在裂变过程中，裂变碎片的放射性很强。

Conversion (Part II)

III. Into Adjectives

1) He found some difficulties to design a reactor without an electronic computer. 他感到没有电子计算机要设计反应堆是困难的。 2) They admitted the feasibility of our proposal. 他们承认我们的建议是可行的。

3) The moderate price coupled with the superiority of our goods will surely induce you to pass our orders.

由于价格公道，品质优良，相信贵公司一定会向我们订货。 4) The nuclear test was quite a success.

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English-Chinese Translation 核试验很成功。

5) It is a pleasure to welcome to the United Nations new states that will share our responsibilities and accomplishments.

欢迎新的国家加入联合国与我们分担责任，共享成就，是令人愉快的。 6) It is a certainty that China will become even stronger in the years to come. 中国在今后的岁月里将会变得更加强大，这是确定无疑的。

Ⅳ Other Conversions

1. Conversion between adjectives and adverbs 1) a. →adv.

1) His annual visits to Beijing brought him into contact with many well-known writers of our country.

他每年去北京一次，接触到许多国内有名的作家。 2) They ordered the immediate demolition of the old building. 他们下令立即拆除这座旧建筑。

3) Below 4℃ water is in continuous expansion instead of continuous contraction. 水在4℃以下不断地膨胀，而不是不断地收缩。

2）adv. →a.

1) Robotics is so closely associated with cybernetics that it is sometimes mistakenly considered to be synonymous.

机器人技术与控制论的联系十分密切，两者甚至有时被错误地混为一谈。

2. Conversion between nouns and adverbs 1) n. →adv.

1) I have the honor to invite you to visit our college. 我十分荣幸地邀请您来我院参观。

2) They show their determination to oppose the sanction. 他们坚决反对制裁。

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English-Chinese Translation 2) adv. →n.

1) It is officially announced that the president had decided to postpone his visit to the Middle East.

官方宣布，总统已经决定推迟出访中东。

2) Oxygen is one of the most important elements in the physical world and it is very active chemically.

氧是物质世界最重要的元素之一，其化学性能很活泼。

Amplification (Part I)

I. Semantic amplification and rhetorical amplification 1. Adding verbs before nouns

1) In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communiqué.

晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演之后， 他还得起草最后公报。 2) He dismissed the meeting without a closing speech. 他没有致闭幕辞就宣布结束会议。

3) He spoke hopefully of the success of the negotiation. 他满怀希望地说谈判会取得成功。

4) After the basketball match, the chairman still has an important meeting. 在观看篮球比赛之后，主席还有一个重要会议要参加。 5) Gates Avenue families carried their pails to the hydrant at the curb. 盖茨街的家家户户提桶到街边水龙头去取水。

2．Adding adjectives before nouns

1) Several years’ service in the army will make a man of Fred. 在部队服役几年会使弗雷德成为真正的男子汉。

2) With the meeting to begin in just a couple of hours, I hadn’t the time to worry about such trifles.

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English-Chinese Translation

不出几小时会议就要开始，我没有闲功夫来操心这些琐事了。 3) What a leader he was! 他真是个出类拔萃的领袖啊。

3．Adding adverbs before verbs 1) Now and then his boots shone. 他的靴子时常闪闪发光。

2) A seagull saw the light from the window and darted up to it. 一只海鸥看见窗户透出的灯光就一下子朝它扑去。

4．Adding nouns

A. Adding nouns after intransitive verbs 1) He never drinks before driving. 他开车前从不喝酒。

2) Before she grew old, Aunt Harry used to entertain lavishly. 哈里婶婶年轻时常慷慨地款待客人。

3) Day after day he came to his work – sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning. 他每天来干活----扫地、擦地板、收拾房间。

B. Adding nouns before adjectives

1) The early cars were slow, clumsy and inefficient. 早期的汽车速度缓慢、行动笨拙、效率不高。

C. Adding nouns after abstract nouns

1) Arrangements have been made to give the foreign guests a warm welcome. 为热烈欢迎外宾，已做好准备工作。 2) At the same time, inequality has become worse. 同时，不平等现象变得更严重了。

5. Adding words indicating plural nouns

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English-Chinese Translation

1) White clouds float over the blue sky. 蓝天上漂浮着朵朵白云。

2) Cargo insurance is to protect the trader from losses that many dangers may cause.

货物保险会使贸易商免受许多风险所可能造成的种种损失。 3) As is known to all, air is a mixture of gases.

大家知道，空气是多种气体的混合物。

6. Adding words indicating tenses

1) According to our record, your corporation bought substantial quantity of chemicals from us. Unfortunately, the business between us has been interrupted in the last few years.

根据我们的记录，贵公司过去购买我们化工产品的数量相当可观，可惜近年来业务一度中断。

2) Man, was, is and always will be trying to improve his living conditions. 人类过去、现在而且将来总是在尽力改善生活条件。 3) I had never thought about this matter. 以前我从未想过这件事。

4) There was a time when the day was not a half of what it is; when a flaming hot sun, much greater than it is.

曾经有一个时期，昼夜不到现在的一半长，那时炽热的太阳比今天的太阳大得多。

5) Although a computer can think in a certain sense, the human brain with its billions of nerve cells was and still is a much more remarkable mechanism than any computer.

虽然计算机在某种意义上也能思考，但是具有几十亿神经细胞的人脑，过去是而且现在仍然是比任何计算机都出色得多的机制。

7. Adding interjection

2) The little boy had brought with him knife, scissors and what not, tinkling in his pocket.

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English-Chinese Translation

这个小男孩随身带着刀子啦，剪子啦，以及诸如此类的东西，在口袋里丁零当啷直响。

Man, that’s really living! 伙计，这才是真正的生活呢！

8．Adding measure words

1) Please repeat the experiment using a wooden ruler, a coin, a pencil and a rubber eraser.

请用一把木尺、一枚硬币、一支铅笔、和一块橡皮，重做这个实验。 2) Aluminum is said to be the thirteenth element in the periodic table. 铝是周期表上的第13号元素。 3) This was a complete lie. 这纯粹是一派胡言。

9．Adding illustrative words for better understanding

1) You’re not Robinson Crusoe. You’re not alone, so don’t be so damned selfish. 你又不是流落孤岛、与世隔绝的鲁滨逊，不要事事只为自己打算。 2) Have you got an IBM by yourself? 你自己有没有IBM电脑？ 3) She is sitting in a Ford. 她坐在一辆福特牌汽车里。 4) The blond boy quickly crossed himself.

那个金发的小伙子很快在胸口划十字，祈求上帝保佑。

5) As Japan’s bubble bursts, a downsizing of expectations is taking place for the world’s third-largest capitalist economy.

随着日本泡沫经济的破灭，对这个位居世界第三的资本主义经济大国的期望值也在下降。

10. Adding summarizing words

1) The Chairman summed up the work of the sub-committee composed of the

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English-Chinese Translation

representatives of the United States, Russia, China, Great Britain and France. 主席总结了美、俄、中、英、法五国代表所组成的小组委员会的工作。 2) You and I are both green hands. 你我二人都是生手。

3) Note that the words ―velocity‖ and ―speed‖ require explanation. 请注意，“速率”和“速度”这两个词需要解释一下。

4) The Americans and the Russians have undergone series of secret consultations. 美俄双方已进行了一系列秘密磋商。

5) They talked about inflation, unemployment and environmental pollution. 他们谈到通货膨胀、失业和环境污染等问题。 6) Thus he grew in body and soul. 因此他在身心两方面都成长了。

11. Adding connectors for better cohesion

1) I wish I could also speak Chinese. The language is so compact and so expressive that I could speak more succinctly, but unfortunately I am not cultured enough. 要是我也能讲中国话就好了。中国话这种语言十分简洁，又富有表达力。要是用中国话讲，我就可以说得更简练了。可惜我的文化素养还不够。 2) Our rushing is understandable, but costly.

人们忙碌是可以理解的，但为此付出的代价却是高昂的。

3) The film Modern Times reflects a profile of the capitalist society that there exists no other nexus between man and man than naked and callous ―cash payment‖. ?摩登时代?这部影片反映了资本主义社会的一个侧面：人与人之间除了赤裸裸、冷酷无情的“现金交易”的关系之外，就再也没有任何别的关系了。 4) White surfaces reflect heat; dark surfaces absorb it. 白色表面反射热量，而黑色表面吸收热量。

Amplification (Part II)

II. Structural amplification

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English-Chinese Translation

1. Adding the part omitted in the original 1) --How shall I do it? --Just as you wish.

——这事我怎么办好？——你想怎么办就怎么办。 2) --Is your sister coming to the party? --I’m afraid not.

——你姐姐来参加晚会吗？——我想她不会来。 3) --Did you enjoy your time in Beijing? --Yes, I did.

——你在北京过得愉快吗？ ——是的，我过得很愉快。

4) Either you do it, or we’ll get somebody who will. 要么你做这件事，要么我们找愿意做的人去做。

5) Sometimes their face froze, sometimes their hands and their feet. 有时，他们的脸冻了，有时手和脚冻了。

6) Mr. White took over as Director, Mr. Black as Vice Director. 怀特先生当上了局长，布莱克先生当上了副局长。

2. Adding verbs omitted in the original

1) As we all know that all matter consists of molecules and molecules of atoms. 众所周知，一切物质由分子组成，而分子由原子组成。 2) You may apply in person or by letter. 你可以本人亲自申请或寄信申请。

3. Adding the part omitted in comparison sentences 1) She makes more money in a week than I do in a month. 她一周挣的钱比我一个月挣的钱更多。

2) I dare say that the Chinese way of reforms is more characteristic and effective than others.

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English-Chinese Translation

我认为，中国的改革方式比其他国家的改革方式更有特色，更有成效。 3) They have our interest at heart as we have theirs. 他们关心我们的利益，我们也关心他们的利益。

4) The guard inside the prison had no guns, but those in the towers did. 牢房里的狱警不带枪，但瞭望塔里的狱警是带枪的。

5) I tried not to draw too much hope from the incident, but despite my resolve, I did. 我力图不对这事寄予奢望，但尽管有这样的决心，我还是对此存有奢望。

4. Adding the part omitted in the clause of implied condition 1) They would not have done such a thing without government approval. 如果没有政府的批准，他们不会做这件事。

2) Without gravity there would be no air and no sound of any kind. 倘若没有地心引力，就不会有任何空气和声音。

3) Any leak, even at this late date, could have tremendous international repercussions.

只要稍有泄露，即使到了今天，也会在国际上引起巨大反响。

Repetition (Part I)

For clarity

I. Repetition of nouns

1. Repetition of the noun as object 1) We have to analyze and solve problems. 我们要分析问题，解决问题。

2) It is our duty to rebuild and defend our homeland. 重建家园，保卫家园是我们的职责。

3) A good play serves to educate and inspire the people. 一出好戏足以教育人民，鼓舞人民。

4) The purpose of radar is to obtain, process and display information.

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English-Chinese Translation

雷达的用途在于获取信息、处理信息、显示信息。 5) People use natural science to understand and change nature. 人们利用自然科学去了解自然、改造自然。

2. Repetition of the omitted noun before prepositional phrases 1) The prisoners often got into argument with each other or with the guard. 囚犯们经常彼此争吵，或者与看守争吵。

2) Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration. 无知是恐惧的根源，也是羡慕的根源。

3) The use of poison gas is a clear violation of international law – in particular of the Geneva Convention.

使用毒气显然违反国际公法，特别是违反日内瓦公约。

3. Repetition of the noun as antecedent

1) Radar is a newly developed technique by which people can see the things beyond the visibility of them.

雷达是一种新开发的技术，利用雷达人们能看到视线以外的东西。

2) We have advocated the principle of peaceful co-existence, which is now growing more and more popular among the nations of Asia and Africa.

我们提倡和平共处的原则，这个原则目前在亚非各国越来越得人心了。 3) Please carefully read all the following terms and conditions which shall govern your use of the software products.

请仔细阅读下列全部的条款，这些条款将指导你如何使用软件产品。 4) The bank check for US $10,000 has been credited to your account, which is now completely clear.

一万美元银行支票已经记入贵方的帐户，而贵方的帐户也完全结清。 5) Everyday we make choices which affect our lives and sometimes the lives of others.

我们每天都要做出选择，这些选择会影响自己的生活，有时还会影响别人的

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English-Chinese Translation 生活。

II. Repetition of verbs

1. Repetition of the verb which is common to several objects 1) Plant growth needs sunshine, air and water as well. 植物生长需要阳光，需要空气，也同样需要水分。 2) People forget your face first, then your name. 人们首先忘记你的容貌，然后又忘记你的名字。

3) This requires care and, for difficult problems, great experience. 这就需要细心，而且对许多困难问题来说，还需要丰富的经验。

2. Repetition of the verb in Chinese for the omitted verb before prepositions in English

1) Then he spoke of the rise of charity and popular education, and particularly of the

spread of wealth and work.

接着他谈到了慈善事业的兴起和教育的普及，特别谈到了财富和工作面的扩大。

2) Grammar deals with the structure of language, English grammar with the structure

of English, French grammar with the structure of French.

语法论述语言的结构，英语语法论述英语的结构，法语语法论述法语的结构。 3) They talked of things they longed for – of meat and of hot soup and of the

richness of butter.

他们谈到了他们所渴望的那些东西—谈到了肉类，谈到了热汤，谈到了黄油的丰富营养。

4) Reading exercises one’s eyes; speaking, one’s tongue; while writing, one’s mind.

阅读训练人的眼睛，说话训练人的口齿，写作训练人的思维。

III. Repetition of pronoun

1. Repetition of the noun in Chinese for the pronoun in English

1) Water evaporates more rapidly when the temperature is high than when it is low.

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English-Chinese Translation

温度高，水蒸发得快；温度低，水蒸发得慢。

2) Translation from English into Chinese is not as easy as that from English into French.

英译汉不如英译法容易。

3) A chemical change is one in which the structure of particles is changed and a new substance is formed.

化学变化是改变粒子结构、形成新物质的一种变化。

4) The creditor draws the bill; he is the person in the above definition and is called the drawer. He addressed it to another, who is the debtor and is called the drawee. 债权人开出汇票。债权人即上述定义中的出票人。出票人将汇票开给另一人，即债务人。债务人即所谓受票人。 5) Ignoring a problem does not solve it.

对于一个问题置之不理，并不能解决问题。

2. Repetition of the noun in Chinese for the possessive pronoun in English 1) Milk is liable to the growth of disease germs and hence pasteurization during its processing is required.

牛奶容易滋生病菌。因此，在牛奶的加工过程中需要用巴氏消毒法灭菌。 2) Radio waves are similar to light waves except that their wave-length is much greater.

无线电波与光波相似，只是无线电波的波长要长得多。 3) The old vagrant believes that poverty has its advantage. 老流浪汉认为穷也有穷的好处。

4) Each man has his own way of making friends. 各人有各人的交友方法。

5) Big families had their own difficulties. 大家庭有大家庭的难处。

3. Repetition of the relative pronoun

1) Wherever there is plenty of sun and rain, the fields are green.

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English-Chinese Translation

哪里阳光雨水充足，哪里的田野就绿油油。 2) Whoever works hard will be respected. 谁工作努力，谁就会受到尊重。 3) You may take whichever interests you best. 你对哪一个最感兴趣，就可以拿哪一个。 4) Give it to whomever you like. 你愿意给谁就给谁。

4．Some…and others…

1) If a company is run by two, then both of them should share the risks and rewards of running it.

如果两人共同经营公司，就要共同承担风险，分享利润。

2) A scientist constantly tries to defeat his hypotheses, his theories, and his conclusions.

科学家总在试图推翻自己的假设、否定自己的理论、放弃自己的结论。

Repetition (Part II)

I. For emphasis

1. Repetition of the same word

1) This town is a small town, looking much like other towns of its size, but few towns enjoy so many natural advantages.

这个城市是个小城市，看上去和其它与它大小相仿的城市没有什么两样，但是其它城市却很少有这么多的天然优越条件。 2) If once virtue is lost, all is lost. 如果一旦丧失了道德，便丧失了一切。

3) Year after year and century after century the moon goes through its cycles. 一年又一年，一世纪又一世纪，月亮盈亏变化，周而复始。

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English-Chinese Translation

2．Repetition of synonymous words

1) During their stay in Beijing, they visited some old friends of theirs, visited Beijing University and visited the Great Wall.

他们在北京逗留期间，拜访了几个老朋友，参观了北京大学，游览了长城。

II. For rhetoric

1. Two groups of Chinese four-character structures 1) He showed himself calm in an emergency situation. 他在情况危急时，态度从容，镇定自若。

2) The questions were evidently unexpected to the slow-witted spokesman, who instantly found himself tongue-tied.

这些问题显然使得这位头脑迟钝的发言人感到意外，他立刻变得张口结舌，无言以对。

3) The onlooker sees most of the game. 当局者迷，旁观者清。 4) A miss is as good as a mile. 差之毫厘，谬以千里。 5) Fine feathers make fine birds. 佛靠金装，人靠衣装。 6) Seeing is believing. 耳听为虚，眼见为实。 7) Right here.

远在天边，近在眼前。

2. Reduplication of characters or words

1) The road was packed with a noisy crowd of men and women, who were selling and buying all kinds of things.

路上挤满了男男女女，他们熙熙攘攘，正在买卖各种各样的东西。

2) There were only half a dozen lines in her mother’s neat featureless writing, a

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English-Chinese Translation Manhattan public school script.

她母亲用曼哈顿公立学校惯用的普普通通的字体，整整齐齐地写了五六行信。 3) He only knows that it was Mary who nursed him day and night. 他只知道，正是玛丽日日夜夜护理了他。

4) She dropped her voice, and looked so sad and piteous. 她把声音放得很低，一副悲悲戚戚的样子，真是可怜。

5) They read the afternoon through, while the cold November rain fell from the sky upon the quiet house.

深秋，冷雨霏霏，屋里静悄悄的。他们看了一个下午的书。

6) Walking up and down the empty room, he stopped here and there to touch or look. 房间里空空荡荡，他走来走去，这儿停停，那儿停停，东摸摸，西瞧瞧。

3. Antithetical four-character structure

earth-shaking 惊天动地 moan and groan 唉声叹气 outlandish clothes 奇装异服 from door to door 挨门逐户 to issue orders 发号施令 disintegrated 土崩瓦解 dizzy 头晕目眩 upset 心烦意乱 careless 粗心大意 remote barren land 穷乡僻壤 a mixed accent 南腔北调 demons and ghosts 妖魔鬼怪

1) His anger vanished and he burst out laughing. 他的怒气烟消云散，他转而放声大笑。 2) The trial, in his opinion, was absolutely fair. 据他看来，这次审判是绝对公平合理的。 3) She is an awful fool of a woman. 她是一个非常愚昧无知的女人。

4) But at that time, she was the only woman there. 但是当时她是那里独一无二的女人。

5) It was then that I began to feel tired, the noise and the heat gave me a headache.

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English-Chinese Translation

这时，我才感到累了，噪音和热浪使我头昏脑胀。 Omission

★ In terms of grammar I. Omission of the pronoun

1. Omit personal pronouns used as subjects

1) But it’s the way I am, and try as I might, I haven’t been able to change it. 但我就是这个脾气，虽然几经努力，却未能改变过来。

2) We will advise you of the date of dispatch. We are at your service at all times. 我方将通知贵方发货日期，并随时准备为贵方效劳。

3) I am 80 years old; I have been confined to my room with a paralytic stroke for the past 14 months.

我80岁了；由于患了瘫痪性的中风，14个月来一直出不了门。

4) We can measure the amount of water in a pot, but we can’t measure its heat. We haven’t an instrument for that.

我们能测量罐内的水量，但不能测量水的热度，我们还没有这种仪器。 5) Everywhere you can find new types of men and objects in New China. 新中国处处可以看到新人、新事。 6) We have 365 days in a year. 一年有365天。

7) By analysis, we mean analyzing the contradictions in things. 所谓分析，就是分析事物的矛盾。

8) We are afraid that the L/C may expire before shipment because of the strike in our factory.

由于工厂罢工，信用证恐怕在这批货物装运前就会到期。

9) Payment is due on April 30. We look forward to seeing your remittance within a week.

4月30日为付款到期日，期待贵方能于一周内汇款。

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English-Chinese Translation 2. Omit pronouns used as objects

1) If you have read these stories, please tell them in your own words. 如果你已经读过这些故事，请用自己的话复述出来。

2) All metals are crystals. In other words, their atoms arrange themselves in patterns. 所有金属都是晶体。换而言之，它们的原子是按一定图案排列的。

3) Gathering fact, confirming them, suggesting theories, testing them, and organizing findings, -- this is all the work of science.

收集事实并加以论证，提出理论并加以检验，以及整理所获得的结果，-- 这就是科学工作的全部内容。

4) Friction manifests itself as a force that opposes motion. 摩擦表现为阻碍运动的力。

5) The government has put the new coins into circulation, but only a small number of people have ever seen them.

政府已经发行了新的硬币，但只有少数人见到过。

3. Omit possessive pronouns

1) She covered her face with her hands as if to protect her eyes. 她用手蒙脸，好像去保护眼睛。

2) Mike put his pipe down, crossed his hands behind his neck, and turned his face towards the window.

麦克放下烟斗，双手交叉着放在脖子后面，转过头去看窗子。 3) Please quote your lowest price of men’s polo shirt Tommy Hilfiger MY-390. 请报汤米MY-390男式T恤衫的最低价。

4) This process of separating a metal from its ore is called smelting. 这种从矿石中分离出金属的过程，称为冶炼。

II. Omission of the expletive it

1. Omit impersonal it, which denotes natural phenomena, time, distance, or state of things in general.

1) It is 112 miles from London to Birmingham.

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English-Chinese Translation 伦敦距伯明翰112英里。

2) It is dead quiet and extremely dark in the outer space. 太空万籁俱寂，一片漆黑。

2. Omit it in the emphatic sentence

1) It was Pasteur who discovered that diseases are caused by living germs.

是巴斯德发现了疾病由活着的细菌引起。

2) It is the gravitation which makes the satellites move round the earth.

是地球引力使卫星绕地球运行。

III. Omission of conjunctions

1) For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. 对于每一个作用，都有一个大小相等、方向相反的反作用。 2) This machine has worked in succession for seven or eight hours. 这台机器已经连续运转七八个小时了。 3) The door opened, and Jim stepped in and closed it. 门开了，吉姆走进来，随手关上门。 4) Wise men love truth, but fools shun it. 智者爱好真理，愚者回避真理。

5) He studied in the college for two years, and then he went to join the army. 他在大学念过两年书，后来去参军了。

3. Omit subordinating conjunctions (1) Omit conjunctions indicating cause

1) Because everyone uses language to talk, everyone thinks he can talk about language.

人人都用语言交谈，人人也自以为能够谈论语言。 2) As the desert is like a sea, so is the camel like a ship. 沙漠似海，骆驼似舟。

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English-Chinese Translation

(2) Omit conjunctions indicating condition 1) A gas becomes hotter if it is compressed. 气体受压缩，温度就升高。

2) ―Now, if we put this sofa against the wall and move everything out of the room except the chairs, don’t you think it all right?‖

“你们看，把这个沙发贴墙放，把屋子里的东西都搬出去，单留下椅子，怎么样？”

(3) Omit conjunctions indicating time

1) Practically all substances expand when heated and contract when cooled.

几乎所有物质都是热胀冷缩的。

2) She hesitated for a minute and stood still while a tear or two splashed on the worn

red carpet.

她踌躇了一会儿，静静地站着，有一两滴泪水溅落在破旧的红地毯上。 3) As the temperature increase, the volume of water becomes greater.

温度升高，水的体积就增大。

4) When the board was spinning slowly, you could see all the different colors.

纸板慢慢旋转，你就能看见各种不同的颜色。

IV. Omission of Articles

1) If an investor wants to up the ante, he borrows money to buy the shares. 投资者若想加押赌注，就会借钱购买股票。

2) Any substance is made up of atoms whether it is a solid, a liquid, or a gas. 任何物质，无论是固体，液体或气体，都是由原子构成的。 3) We are trying to assess the damage which the shipment suffered in transit. 我方正在设法估计货物在运输中遭受的损失。

4) Should the buyers have to lodge a claim against the sellers, it must be done within 30 days after the arrival of the tanker at the port of destination. 买方如果向卖方提出索赔，需在油轮抵达目的港后30天内提出。

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English-Chinese Translation

However, there are exceptions. In some cases articles must be translated one way or another.

1) A Mrs. Smith wishes to see you. 有一位史密斯夫人想见你。

2) I cannot remember a Christmas when it snowed so much. 我想不起哪一年的圣诞节下过这么大的雪。

3) Unless the order is executed within three weeks, we shall have to cancel it. 除非这张订单能于三周内履行，否则本公司不得不将它取消。 4) This is a complete Shakespeare. 这是一套莎士比亚全集。 5) The two pairs of shoes are of a size. 这两双鞋的尺码一样。

6) The number of vibrations a second is called frequency. 每秒振动次数称为频率。

V. Omission of prepositions 1. Omit prepositions indicating time

1) Europeans came to the Japanese islands in the 16th century. 16世纪欧洲人到达日本岛。

2) The space shuttle will return to earth on next Monday as scheduled. 下周一航天飞机将如期返回地面。

3) On August 8, 1988, he left the farm to seek his fortune in the city. 1988年8月8日，他离开农场去城里寻找发迹的机会。

2. Omit prepositions indicating place

1) There are rich deposits of fine oil and gas in here. 这里蕴藏着丰富的优质石油和天然气。 2) At the top of the bookshelf, there is a pot of flowers. 书架顶上有一盆花。

3) Air at the earth’s surface supports the weight of all the layers above it.

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English-Chinese Translation

地球表面的空气支撑着其上方各层空气的重量。

4) At the surface of the sun, the temperature is about 6000℃; at the center it is estimated to be about 40 million degrees.

太阳表面的温度约有6000℃，中心的温度估计约有4000万度。

The prepositions which are behind the verbs should not be omitted. 1) Mount the meter on that panel. 把仪表装在那块板上。

2) He lives in a small village among the hills. 他住在群山之间的一个小村庄里。

★ In terms of rhetoric

1) The undersigned sellers and buyers have agreed to close the following

transactions according to the terms and conditions stipulated below. 兹经买卖双方同意成交下列商品，特签订条款如下。

2) Neither party shall cancel the contract without sufficient cause or reason.

双方均不得无故解除合同。

3) We expected that you will give us a definite reply at your earliest convenience.

期盼贵方能尽早给我方一个明确的答复。

4) We take this opportunity to inform you that we are now in a position to make

prompt shipment of the merchandise. 兹奉告，该商品可即期装运。

5) As we are under a contract to accept the shipment of a monthly quantity of 1000

tons as contract quantity, we will be subject to a heavy fine if we fail to accept it. 依照合同规定，我方每月要接受1000吨的货物，否则会被处以重罚。 6) The price of the products should be fixed by the two parties at a level that will

bring profit to both.

产品价格应该由双方共同商定，须照顾到双方的利益。 Negation

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English-Chinese Translation 1. Verbs

1）If one side fails to observe the contract, the other side is entitled to conceal it. 如果一方不信守合同，另一方有权终止合同。 2）You must have missed the notice on the bulletin board. 你一定没有看见布告栏上的通知。 3）I old the door-keeper to deny me to all callers.

我告诉传达室我不接见任何人。 4）He was tied to his job by a contract. 他因定有合同而不能离职。

2. Adverbs

1) You may safely say so. 你这样说错不了。

2) Time is what we want most, but what many use worst. 时间是我们最缺少的，但偏偏学多人最不善长利用时间。 3) Julia continued to look absently at the sea. 朱莉娅一直心不在焉地看着大海。

4) The relay acted vainly due to negligible current. 电流太小，继电器不能启动。

3. Adjectives

1) As he sipped his coffee, he opened a still damp morning paper and began reading.

他一面喝咖啡，一面翻开油墨未干的晨报，看了起来。

2) As animal is dependent on the oxygen which he inhales for his very existence. 动物离不开氧气，因为它吸了氧气才能生存。 3) They are ignorant of the reason of her absence. 他们不了解她缺席（未到会）的原因。 4) All nations, big or small, should be equal. 23

English-Chinese Translation

国家不分大小，一律平等。

4. Prepositions

1) It is beyond doubt that China has made brilliant achievements in economy in the last few years.

勿庸置疑，中国的经济在过去的几年里已经取得了辉煌的成就。 2）His behavior has always been above suspicious. 他的行为一直无可置疑。

3）You ask a price beyond what I can pay 你要的价钱我付不起。

4）Her age is beside the point: the question is, can she do the job? 她的年龄与无关紧要，问题在于她是否能胜任这项工作？

5）Because the island is so small, the city had to grow upwards instead of outwards. 因为这个岛很小，城市只得向空中发展，而不是向外发展。

5. Conjunctions

1） He is any where to be found but in his office. 他总不在办公室。

2） In our workshop, not a machine but what was designed and made by ourselves. 在我们车间，没有一台机器不是我们自行设计和制造的。

3） The express train had already left before they hurried to the railway station. 他们还没有赶到火车站，那趟快车就已经开了。

4） Unless the government agrees to give extra money, the factory will have to close

如果政府不同意提供更多的资金，这工厂不得不关闭。 6. Nouns

1) People bear strong resentment against corruption. 人们对于腐败现象有着强烈的不满。

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English-Chinese Translation

2） That factory has been in a state of neglect 那家工厂一直处于无人管理的状态。

3） His failure to observe the traffic regulations resulted in a serious accident 由于他不遵守交通规则，结果导致了一场严重的事故。 4) How can machines work in the absence of electricity? 没有电时，机器如何运转？

5) A lack of awareness of cultural differences or local customs can create problems. 不注意文化差异或当地习俗可能会产生问题。

6) Politeness is not always the sign of wisdom, but the want of it always leaves room for the suspicion of folly.

尽管有礼貌并不一定标志着有智慧，但是没礼貌总会使人怀疑其愚蠢。

7. Phrases

1）He is far from pleased with the patterns and contents of co-0peration of the two sides.

他对双方的合作方式和内容很不满意。

2） Far from an open-book test, real life is a test that you can never get fully ready for and you can, by no means, retaked.

现实生活远非一场开卷考试，它是一场你永远无法完全准备好的考试，而且你根本无法补考。

3） This place is far cry from what we expected. 这个地方与我们原先想象的大不相同。

4） The southeast Asian countries want to build a zone of peace freedom and neutrality, free from any form and manner of interference by outside powers. 东南亚国家要求建立一个和平、自由和中立的地方，不受外来国家任何形式和方式的干涉。

5）When the saleswoman lost her job, she was at a loss what to do. 当这位女推销员失去工作后，她茫然不知所措。 6） He always lives ahead of his salary. 25

English-Chinese Translation have brought us in the past two years.

事实上，贵公司在过去两年中给予本公司相当多的业务，本公司非常满意。 5) In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all size and colors. 门口放着一堆雨伞，少说也有十二把，五颜六色，大小不一。

6) His article is a well-written composition with good organization and fine style. 他的文章写得好，结构严密，风格优美。

7) Power can be transmitted over a great distance with practically negligible loss if it is carried by an electric current.

如果用电流来传送动力，可以传送到很远的地方，而其损耗几乎是微乎其微的。

3. Splitting of sentences

1) When I try to understand what it is that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes, of which one goes much deeper than the other.

为什么有这么多美国人不如想象中那样幸福呢？我认为原因有二，而两者之间又有深浅之分。

2) To meet this important client’s request for moving up the time of delivery, we have made a special arrangement and we are now pleased to inform you that the full quantity of your order will be shipped in the beginning of July.

为了满足这位重要客户提前交货的要求，我方作了特殊安排。现欣然通知，贵方的全部订货将在7月初交运。

3) This was the period when Einstein began the research which resulted in the creation of his famous Theory of Relativity.

就在这期间，爱因斯坦开始进行一项研究。经过这项研究，他创立了著名的相对论。

4) In 1884, a large group of nations held a conference in Washington D.C. and established Standard Time, which was based on solar time as figured at the Royal Observatory of Greenwich, England.

1884年，许多国家在华盛顿举行会议，定出了“标准时间”。这是按照英国

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English-Chinese Translation

格林尼治皇家天文台计算出来的太阳时间。

5) It is a familiar fact that nothing in nature will either start or stop moving of itself. 自然界任何物体的运动都不会自行开始或自行停止，这是众所周知的事实。 6) Mr. Secretary, do you share the view that too many people are talking too much about Iraq?

国务卿先生，现在谈论伊拉克问题的人太多了，谈论伊拉克问题的话也说得太多了，你也有同感吗？

II. Condensation

1. Condensation of two or more simple sentences into one simple sentence 1) Brown had a long discussion with him. He got nowhere. 布朗和他进行了长时间的讨论，但毫无结果。

2) An offer is a promise to supply goods on the terms and conditions stated. It must be made and accepted before a contract can exist.

发盘就是按照所述条件供货的一种承诺，要在订立合同前提出与接受。 Many proverbs or maxims are condensed or contracted when translated into Chinese. 1) Who knows most says least. 博学者寡言。

2) You made your bed, so now you must lie on it. 自作自受。/自食其果。

2. Condensation of complex sentences into simple sentences 1) There is no time when the circulation of water does not take place. 水循环无时不在进行。

2) Claims must be filed within 30 days after the arrival of the goods at the port of destination.

索赔必须在货物抵达港口后30天内提出。

3. Condensation of compound sentences into simple sentences 1) It was midnight, and there was not a single soul on the street.

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English-Chinese Translation 半夜，街上空无一人。

2) From Florence the river Arno runs down to Pisa, and then it reaches the sea. 阿诺河从佛罗伦萨流经比萨入海。

Translation of the Passive

I. Convert the English passive into the Chinese active 1. Use the original subject as the new subject

1) The gas can be liquefied and bottled or piped into homes. 石油气可液化装瓶，或用管道输送到用户家里。

2) It is reported that another man-made satellite has been put into orbit. 据报道，另一颗人造卫星已送入轨道。

3) All items for which we have quoted are made from very best silk. 所报的商品均采用上好丝绸制成。

4) All our prices are quoted CIF to the port of destination. 我方的所有报价都是目的港到岸价。

2. Convert the English subject into the Chinese object

1) It is well known that the compass was invented in China more than two thousand years ago.

众所周知，中国在两千多年前就发明了指南针。

2) As the date of delivery is approaching, you are requested to expedite the establishment of the L/C.

因为交货日期临近，谨请贵方尽快开立信用证。

3) The markets are influenced by the situation of the stocks but improvements are expected.

存货情况影响了市场，但这样的情形有望得到好转。

3. Translate the English passive sentences into Chinese active sentences that contain predicative

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English-Chinese Translation

1) Of seven items listed in your enquiry, only two are handled by us. 贵方查询的七件商品中，只有两件是本公司经营的。

2) Our products are made from completely natural ingredients and we do not utilize any artificial additives at all.

本公司的产品全部是用天然原料制成的，没有使用任何人工添加剂。

4. Translation of the idiomatic passive

1) It should be mentioned that our market situation is turning for the better at present. 应该提到，目前本公司的市场情况正在好转。

2) It should be recognized that the intent of this agreement is to benefit both the buyer and the seller.

买卖双方应该认识到本协议的目的是让双方都能获益。

II. Convert the English passive into the Chinese passive 1. “被??”或“给??”

1) We have been impressed by your fast delivery service and the excellent quality of the items.

贵方不仅送货非常快，而且产品的品质优良，给我方留下了深刻印象。 2) Robert was dismissed by the boss of the factory. 罗伯特已被工厂的老板开除了。

3) The second half of her words was torn away by the wind. 她的后半句话，给风刮得听不见了。

2. “（遭）受??”

1) This factory was seriously damaged during the earthquake. 这家工厂在地震中遭到严重破坏。

2) The Wright brothers were highly praised for having made the first flight in the world.

莱特兄弟因为进行了世界上第一次飞行而受到高度赞扬。

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English-Chinese Translation 3. “为??所”

1) Two systems of units are commonly used by the scientists. 两种单位制通常为科学家所采用。

2) In 1838, Engels, without having completed his studies at high school, was forced by family circumstances to enter a commercial house in Bremen as a clerk.

1838年，恩格斯为家庭环境所迫，高中还没有毕业就来到不来梅的一家商业机构去当职员了。

III. Use the Chinese pattern “把??”，“使??”，“由??” 1) Kissinger was alarmed by China’s first atomic blast in October, 1964. 1964年10月，中国爆炸了第一颗原子弹，这把基辛格吓了一跳。

2) The students should be enabled to develop morally, intellectually and physically in an all-round way.

必须使学生在德、智、体三方面得到全面发展。

3) Natural light or ―white‖ light is actually made up of many colors. 自然光或“白”光实际上是由许多颜色组成的。

Translation of Nominal Clauses I. Subject Clauses

1. Usually we would like to translate noun clause in the same order, that is to say, to remain their original position.

1) That those who had learned from us now excelled us was a real challenge. 向我们学习过的人反倒超过了我们，这对我们来说的确是一个挑战。 2) What we found is that to achieve quality in a product, or by inference, in a life, you have to look enthusiastically for mistakes.

我们发现，在产品上追求质量，与在生活中追求质量一样，你须认真挑出各种

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