雅思阅读真题剑桥系列4-8词汇

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出国留学考试雅思系列

DAY 1

education 教育

aspect 方面

community 社区、社会

reflect 反映、表现

attitude 态度、看法

unspoken 未说出口的、没人理睬的

belief 信仰、信念

custom 风俗

curriculum 课程

assessment 评价、评估

expectation 期待、期望

behave 做出行为-动词

behavior 行为

rule 准则、规章

cover 覆盖、包含

duty 职责、义务

conduct 行为、操行

virtuous 有道德的

proper 适当的、有礼貌的

manner 礼貌

marry 结婚

company 陪伴

permit 允许、许可

dye 染

loiter 闲逛、虚度

function 功能、典礼

church 教堂

regularly 有规律地、有规则地

alcohol 酒精、酒

Bible《圣经》

country school 乡村学校

coal 煤

bucket 桶

sweep 打扫、清扫

tidy 整齐的、整洁的

despite 虽然、尽管

出国留学考试雅思系列

stipulate 规定、保证

content 内容

arithmetic 算术

Christianity 基督教

literacy 有文化、有读写能力

religious 宗教上的

corporal 身体的、肉体的（同义词：physical）

stick 棍子

strap 皮带

naughty 调皮的、顽皮的

unruly 不守规矩的、不受约束的

schooling 学校教育

engage 从事

caretaking 关心、照料

DAY 2

nevertheless 然而、不过

creatively 具有创造性地

stimulate 刺激、激励

strict 严格的、严谨的

protocol草案、协议

illegal 非法的、违法的

hit 打、打击

dismiss 开除、解雇

instantly 马上、立刻（同义词：quickly, rapidly, immediately）

secular 现世的、非宗教的

acceptable 可以接受的、合意的

appropriate 适当的

sophistication 混合、混乱

workplace 工作场所、车间

career 职业

expand 膨胀、发展

challenge 挑战

diverse 不同的

researcher 研究者

cleaner 清洁员

societal 社会的

出国留学考试雅思系列

fill 填充、填补

smack 用掌拍打/击打

silence 静、安静

method 方法

influence 影响

discipline 学科、纪律

participate 参加、参与

achievement 成就

similar 相似的

lifestyle 生活方式

ownership 所有权、拥有权

diverse 不同的（同义词：different, various, a variety of, varied, a range of）

pupil 小学生

consider 考虑

length 长度

topic 主题

inflexible 不灵活的、不能融通的

arrangement 安排

loose 宽松的、自由的

cactus 仙人掌

relate 有联系、有关系

dry 干燥的（反义词：humid 湿润的、wet 潮湿的）

sandy 沙的、沙质的

rocky 多岩石的

desert 沙漠

distance 距离

tall 高的（反义词：short矮的）

across 横向的

traditional 传统的（同义词：conventional, conservative, orthodox）

DAY 3

hunter 猎人

harsh 荒无人烟的

material 材料、原料、物资

possessions 财产（动词形式：possess 拥有、占有、持有）

unemployment 失业

poverty 贫穷、贫困

出国留学考试雅思系列

alcoholism 酗酒

tribe 部落、部族

disappear 消失、不见

lifestyle 生活方式

attractive 具有吸引力的

outsider 外界的人

crop 农作物、庄稼

originate 起源、来自（衍生词：origin 起因、原有、起源-名词，original

最初的、原始的、独创的-形容词）

staple 主要的

garlic 大蒜

ginger 生姜

headache 头痛

toothache 牙痛

magnolia 玉兰类植物

cancer 癌症

cure 治愈

disease 疾病

hunger 饥饿、渴望

famine 饥荒

starving 饥饿（但形容饥饿的程度比较深，都快要饿死了）

survive 生存、存活

strength 力量、力气

energy 能量、活力

normal 正常的、常态的

chemical 化学的；化学制品、化学药品

scientist 科学家（衍生词：science 科学）

discover 发现、发觉（衍生词：discovery 发现）

contain 包含、包括（同义词：involve, include, consist of）

substance 物质

stomach 胃、胃部

brain 大脑

heart 心脏

lung 肺部

kidney 肾

full 满的（反义词：empty 空的）

pharmaceutical 制药的

出国留学考试雅思系列

promising 有希望的、有前途的

obesity 肥胖

adult 成年人

estimate 估计、评估

overweight 超重的

obese 肥胖的

simple 简单的、朴素的

nourishing 有营养的

DAY 4

afford 负担、承担

expensive 昂贵的

fatty 富含脂肪的

slim 苗条的、纤细的

healthy 健康的

descendant 子孙、后代

ready-made 现成的、做好的

convenient 便利的、便捷的

taste 味道

fat 脂肪；肥的、胖的

salt 盐

solution 解决办法、解决方案

ideal 理想的

right 权利；正确的

secret 秘密；秘密的

profit 利润

herd 放牧

cow 奶牛

diet 食物

majority 主要、多数（反义词：minority 少数）

scarce 匮乏的、稀缺的

sort 种类、类别

compare 比较

desire 渴望

overcome 克服、解决

ancient 古代的、远古的

major 主要的

出国留学考试雅思系列

issue 问题

appear 出现、看来

financial 财政的、金融的

spread 传播、蔓延、伸展

supply 供给、供应

addiction 沉溺、上瘾

widespread 分布广泛的、普遍的

cruel 残忍的、残酷的

unkind 不仁慈的、无情的

alive 活着的

prickly 多刺的

solid 固体

powder 粉末

maintain 维持、继续

drought 干旱

tongue 舌头、说话方式

well-known 众所周知的、有名的

advertisement 广告（衍生词：advertise 做广告、登广告-动词；advertiser

登广告者、广告客户-名词；advertising 广告业、广告-动名词）

main 主要的、重要的

aim 目的、目标

honest （反义词：dishonest 不忠实的、不诚实的-形容词） rarely 很少地、罕见地（衍生词：rare 稀罕的、杰出的）

puffery 鼓吹、吹捧

worldwide 全世界的

DAY 5

statement （衍生词：state ）

term 学期、条款、术语

develop 发展

exaggerate 夸张、夸大

claim 声称、主张

legal 合法的（反义词：illegal 违法的、非法的-形容词）

prove 证明、证实

licence 执照、许可证

lie 说谎

vague 含糊的、暧昧的

出国留学考试雅思系列

class 把ÿ分类、把ÿ分等级

option 选择（衍生词：choice）

expression 表达

salesperson 售货员、销售员（同义词：seller）

evaluation 评价、估计（衍生词：evaluate 评价、评估-动词）

product 产品、产物（衍生词：produce 产物、农产品，生产、制造-名词、动词，production 生产、产品）

objective 客观的

subjective主观的

identify 识别、鉴别（衍生词：identity 身份、特性-名词，identification 辨认、鉴定，identifiable 可以识别的、可以鉴别的-形容词，identifiably 可以识别地、可以鉴别地-副词）

document 文件、文档（衍生词：documentary 文件的，纪录片-形容词，名词）

notion 观念、想法（衍生词：note 注意、记录-名词）

caveat 警告、告诫

transaction 交易（衍生词：transact 交易、处理-动词）

initially 最初、开头（衍生词：initial 最初的、初始的）

property 财产、特征

deal 交易、生意（衍生词：dealer 生意人）

Latin 拉丁语、拉丁语的

basically 基本上、主要地（衍生词：basic 基本的-形容词，basis 基础、基本-名词）

mean 意思是、意谓

responsibility 责任、职责（衍生词：response 响应、反应-名词，respond

回答、响应-动词，responsible 有责任的、负责的-形容词）

check 检查、核对

payment 报酬、支付（衍生词：pay 支付、给予-名词，payable 可支付的-形容词）

defect 过失、缺点（衍生词：defective 有缺陷的）

deliberately 蓄意地、故意地（衍生词：deliberate 深思熟虑的、故意的）

conceal 隐藏、隐蔽（衍生词：concealment 隐藏、隐蔽-名词）

policy 政策、方针

proof 证据、校对

affect 影响

competitor 竞争对手、竞争者（衍生词：compete 竞争、比赛-动词，competition 竞争、比赛-名词） statistics 统计学（衍生词：statistic, statistical 统计的、统计学的-形容词）

run 运转、运行（同义词：manage, operate）

investigate 调查、研究（衍生词：investigation 调查、研究-名词，investigator 调查人-名词） insurance 保险

finance 金融、财政（衍生词：financial 财政的、金融的）

出国留学考试雅思系列

service 服务

therefore 因此、所以（衍生词：so, thus）

careful 小心的、仔细的（衍生词：care 关心、顾虑-动词）

factual 事实的、实际的（衍生词：fact 事实、实情-名词）

assertion 主张、断言（衍生词：assert 声称、断言-动词）

regarding 关于

DAY 6

quality 品质、质量

goods 货物、物品

oversee 监视、检查

validity 有效性

council 理事会、委员会

authority 权威、权利

overstep 踏过、越过

limit 极限、限度

raise 提出

generate 产生（衍生词：generation 产生、一代-名词）

strategy 战略、策略（衍生词：strategic, strategically 战略的、策略的-形容词）

superlative 最高的

various 不容的、多种多样的（衍生词：variety 品种、种类，vary 改变、变更-动词）

specific 具体的（衍生词：specifically 具体地、明确地-副词，specification 详述、规范-名词） concern 关心、关注

mislead 误导（衍生词：lead 引导-动词）

false 错误的

prevent 阻止、预防（衍生词：preventable 可以预防的、可以阻止的-形容词）

understandably 可以理解地（衍生词：understand 理解-动词，understandable 可以理解的-形容词） object 反对、抗议（同义词：refuse, refute, argue against）

untruthful 不真实的、虚伪的（衍生词：truth 事实、真理-名词，true

真实的、真正的-形容词，truthful 诚实的-形容词）

unfair 不公平的（衍生词：fair 公平的-形容词）

advantage 优势、优点（反义词：disadvantage 略势、缺点-名词）

court 法院、法庭、球场

clarify 澄清、阐明（衍生词：clarification 澄清-名词）

boundary 边界、分界线

acceptable 可以接受的（衍生词：accept 接受-名词）

best-loved 最喜爱的

出国留学考试雅思系列

favorite 喜欢的人、物或事情

brand 牌子

make 品牌

similarly 相似地、相似的是（衍生词：similar 相似的-形容词）

expect 期待、期望（衍生词：expectation 期望、期待-名词）

expectable 预料中的-形容词，

unexpectable 无法预料的-形容词

boast 自夸

consider 考虑、照顾

considerate 考虑周到的-形容词，

considerable 值得考虑的，相当多的-形容词，

consideration 考虑-名词

deceptive 带有欺骗性的

deception欺骗-名词

primary 初级的、主要的

inform 告知

monitor 监督、监管

ensure 确保、保证

argue 争论、辩论

technique 技术、技巧、手段

technical 技术的、技巧的-形容词，

technician 技师、技术员

DAY 7

otherwise 另外、否则

unnoticed 被忽视的、未被注意到的

notice 注意、观察-动词，

noticeable 显而易见的-形容词，

unnoticeable 不明显的-形容词

crowded 拥挤的、塞满的

crowd 拥挤、塞满-动词

aspect 方面

relatively 相对地

relative 相关的、相对的-形容词，

relate 联系-动词

harmless 无害的

harm 损害、伤害-名词，

出国留学考试雅思系列

harmful 有害的、伤害的-形容词

integral 完整的、整体的

integrate 整合、结合-动词，

integration 联合、结合-名词

detect 发觉、探测

detective 察觉的、侦探的-形容词

delight 高兴、欣喜

delightful 高兴的、欣喜的、令人愉快的-形容词

discount 折扣

fee 费、费用

description 描述、记叙

describe 描述、记叙-动词

discussion 讨论

discuss 讨论-动词

issue 问题

comparison 比较

compare 比较、对比-动词

contrast 对照、对比

guilty 内疚的、有罪的

guilt 内疚、罪行-名词

summary 总结

summarize 总结

definition 定义

define 下定义-动词

determine 决定、确定

determination 决定、确定-名词

chainsaw 链锯

recent 最近的、近期的

recently 最近地、近期地-副词

reality 现实

realistic 现实的-形容词

realization 意识

realize 意识、了解到-动词

detailed 详尽的、详细的

detail 细节、详情-名词

gasoline 汽油同义词

petrol 汽油

出国留学考试雅思系列

DAY 8

own拥有

owner 拥有者

advantage 优势、优点

disadvantage 缺点

mobility 灵活机动性

specific 具体的

specify 详述、说明-动词，

specification 详述、规范-名词

vital 生死攸关的、重大的

affair 事物、事件

automobile 汽车（同义词：car, vehicle）

relationship 关系、关联

love-hate 爱恨的

cherish 珍爱、怀抱

undeniably 不可否认的

convenient （衍生词：convenience）

industry 工业、产业、行业

commerce 商业（衍生词：commercial 商业的-形容词）

prosper （衍生词：prosperous）

unfortunately 不幸地

fortune 运气、命运-名词，

fortunate 幸运的、幸福的-形容词，

fortunately 幸运地、幸福地-副词

downside 负面、缺点

upside 正面、优点

pollution 污染

manufacture 制造

manufacturer 制造商-名词，

manufacturing 制造业-名词

purpose-build 依某种目的而建造

factory 工厂（同义词：plant, mill）

entrepreneur 企业家

launch 投放、开发、发起

admirable 值得赞美的、极美的

philosophy 哲理、哲学

venture 冒险、风险

出国留学考试雅思系列

desire 想往、期望

motoring 驾车

afford 承担

affordable 可承担的、可负担的-形容词，

unaffordable 不可承担的、不可负担的-形容词

ultra-affordable 最终可以负担的

so-called 所谓的

determine 决定、确定

status 身份、地位

comfort 舒适、安慰

protection 保护

protect 保护-动词，

protective 予以保护的、保护的-形容词

previous 在前的、早先的

DAY 9

vehicle 交通工具、车辆

two-wheeled 两轮的

scooter 小型摩托车

three-wheeled 三轮的

motorized 机动化的、摩托化的

motor 汽车

rickshaw 人力车

transport 运输

potential 潜在的、可能的；潜力、潜能

extensive 广泛的、广大的

predictable 可预测的

predict 预测、预言-动词，

unpredictable 不可预测的-形容词

explosion 爆发、爆炸

inevitable 不可避免的

inescapable 不可逃避的

unavoidable 不可避免的

wisdom 智慧、明智

warning 警告、预告

consequence 后果

massive 大量的

出国留学考试雅思系列

compelling 强迫的、引人注目的

argument 争论、辩论

definite 明确的、一定的

connection 关系、连接

worsen 恶化、损害

worse 更坏的、更恶略的-形容词

respectively 各自地、分别地

personally 个人地

individually 单个地

subjectively 主观地

critical 批评的、危机的、严重的

release 释放

dramatically 极大地、引人注目地

strikingly 醒目地

noticeably 值得注意地

remarkably 显著地

affect 影响

concern 考虑、忧虑

stuck 被卡住

import 进口

export出口

approximately 大约地、大概地（同义词：nearly, about, around）

dependence 依赖、依靠

dependent 依赖的、依靠的-形容词，

independence 独立、自主-名词，

independent 独立的、自主的-形容词

effect 效果、结果

uniquely 唯一地、独特地

DAY 10

solution 解答、解决办法

benefit 利益

drawback 缺点

applaud 称赞、赞同

mode 方式、模式

descendant 子孙、后代、后裔（同义词offspring）

regard 看待、当作

出国留学考试雅思系列

original 最初的、原始的（衍生词：

origin 起源、根源-名词，

originate 起源、发生-动词

invention 发明

invent 发明、创造-动词

percentage 百分比、百分率

conventional 习俗的、传统的

traditional 传统的

orthodox 正统地

conservative 保守的

elite 精锐、精华

crisis 危机

unfair 不公平的（衍生词：fair）公平的-形容词）

decrease 减少、降低（衍生词：reduce, diminish, cut back, fall, drop）

negative 被动的（反义词：positive 主动的）

synonym 同义词

overcrowding 拥挤的、阻塞的

approve 赞成、同意

chilling 恐怖的

purchaser 消费者

purchase 消费-动词，

purchasing 消费的-形容词

violent 暴力的、强烈的（衍生词：violence 暴力-名词）

whereby 凭什么、为何

compensation 补偿（衍生词：compensate 偿还、补偿-动词

favorable 赞成的、有利的

traffic 交通

congestion 拥塞（同义词：jam, conjunction, gridlock）

cycling 骑脚踏车（衍生词：bicycle 脚踏车，cyclist 骑脚踏车的人）

stuck 被粘住的（衍生词：stuck是stick的过去式和过去分词）

breathe 呼吸、发出

diesel 柴油机、柴油味

fume （浓烈或难闻的）烟、气

commute （乘坐交通工具）往来

college 大学、学院

issue 问题；发行

despite 不论、尽管

出国留学考试雅思系列

flyover过街天桥

lane 街道、车道（同义词street, road, avenue, pathway）

consideration 考虑、体谅（衍生词：consider 考虑、体谅-动词，considerable

值得考虑的、数量相当大的-形容词，considerate 考虑周到的-形容词）

car-friendly 汽车友好型的

humble 微贱的、粗陋的

restrict 限制

Cambridge4 TEST1

ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take no notice=not take any notice忽略，无视 v. encounter=face=confront=meet遇见，遭遇v.

mistaken view=misconception错误的观点n.

easy to reach=accessible容易达到的adj.

change=modify(modification) 改变v.

destruction=destroy=loss毁坏n.

investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into=probe=look into 调查v.

where=geographical location 表地点

important=vital=essential=crucial重要的adj.

reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus原因n.

protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保护v.

newspapers, television=media媒体n.

where to live=habitat居住地n.

get warmer=global warming变暖n.

contribute to=play a part有助于v.

survive=continuing existence幸存，活下来v.

curriculum=course=syllabus课程n.

link to=be connected with=be linked with把…和…相联系v.

underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary不发达的adj.

poor=bad=badly=not very good=no good at something=weak贫穷的，可怜的adj.

exceptional=good=excellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive=admirable超常的，例外的adj. mating=courtship交配.

follow=track=tail=shadow=hound=stalk=stalker跟随，跟踪v.

good vision ability=vision is obviously more usefulÿ好的视力

best=well=greatest=finest=ideal=top=number one

=ultimate=optimum=definitive=unsurpassed=record-breaking极好的adj.

surprised=amazed=astonished=astounded=be taken aback=startled感到惊讶的adj.

volunteer=subject实验研究对象n.

similar=resemble=like=alike相似的adj.

出国留学考试雅思系列

blind=can not see瞎的adj.

Cambridge4 TEST2

initiative=on your own/by yourself=independently=on your own initiative=under your own steam=to be the person who starts something=plan=law主动的，自发的adj. 主动权n.

increase=go up=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pick up=widen=be on the

increase=intensify=expand=build up上升，增加v.

teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bring up教学v.

more than one language=bilingual=sb's second language多种语言n.

determine=establish=identify=pinpoint=diagnose 决定v.

young people=teenager=youth=in your teens=adolescent=minor年轻人n.

community=all the people in a particular area, city, country etc.群体，团体，社区n.

traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable传统的adj.

fail=failure=not succeed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=be a failure=go wrong=not work=do no good=fall through失败v.

endanger=to put someone or something in danger of being hurt=damaged=destroyed危及，使危险v. diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed各种各样的adj.

inevitable=certain to happen and impossible to avoid不可避免的adj.

differ from=unusual与ÿ不同v.

reluctant=unwilling=not willing=drag your feet=be loath to do something=conservative勉强的adj. consult=ask somebody's advice=seek advice=get/obtain advice资询v.

alternative=another=other=different=new=else=variation=variant另一个

therapist=someone who has been trained to give a particular form of treatment for physical or mental illness临床医学家n.

retrain=taking courses再教育v.

salary=pay=wage=income=earnings=fee工资，收入n.

long-term=chronic=long-running=long-standing=lasting=lifelong=prolonged=lingering=enduring=abiding=incurable长期的adj.

complaint=complain=make a complaint=protest=object=complain抱怨n.

illness=disease=virus=bug=infection疾病 n.

connection=relationship=link=correlation联系 n.

beneficial=be good for you/ do somebody good=wholesome=nutritious=nourishing=healthful有益的 adj. insight=comprehension=understanding理解，见解 n.

physical=relating to the body=bodily身体的 adj.

hazard=risk=danger=threat障碍，危险n.

accompany=with=together=along with=come wit陪伴,伴随

mental=relating to the health or state of someone's mind精神上的，心理的 adj.

possible=possibility=can=potential=there is a chance/possibility可能的adj.

reduction=decrease=drop=fall=cut 减少 n.

class=type=kind=sort=style=category=variety种类n.

出国留学考试雅思系列

rehearsal=practice=training=run-through=exercise排练，演习 n.

peer=your peers are the people who are the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc同伴 n.

defensive=used or intended to protect someone or something against attack 防御n.

strategy=way=method=approach=technique=system=tactics 方法，功略n.

assist=help=aid=with the aid of帮助 v.

specific=give (somebody) more details=expand on=enlarge on=go into more=greater detail=be more specific=be more explicit=elaborate特定的adj.

substance=a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas 物质 n.

surroundings=environment=circumstance 环境 n.

engage=give somebody a job=employ=take on=appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣 v.

combine=mix=stir=beat=blend=whisk=dilute联合v.

survival=the state of continuing to live or exist幸存n.

Cambridge4 TEST3

quotation= a sentence or phrase from a book, speech etc which you repeat in a speech or piece of writing because it is interesting or amusing 引言n.

exemplify= example=case=instance=to be a very typical example of something=to give an example of something 例证 v.

explain=tell=say what/why/where etc=show=demonstrate=go through=throw/shed light on=set out解释v. outline= to describe something in a general way, giving the main points but not the details概述 v. purpose=aim=point=idea=objective=object=goal= target=end目的 n.

encourage=persuade=persuasion=get somebody to do something=influence=encourage=talk somebody into=put somebody up to鼓励 v.

loan= an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc. 贷款 n.

poverty= being poor贫穷n.

crime= illegal activities in general犯罪 n.

reject=to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree with something 拒绝 v.

employ=give somebody a job=take on=engage= appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣 v.

courier=a person or company that is paid to take packages somewhere快递员 n.

storage=keep=store=keep something in storage=preserve 存储n.

facility=rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose 设备n.

ambitious=ambition=power-hungry/power-mad=competitive= determined to be successful, rich, powerful etc.有志向的，雄心壮志的 adj.

effort=to try very hard to do something= attempt=campaign=drive努力 n.

feature= a part of something that you notice because it seems important, interesting, or typical；a part of the land, especially a part that you can see: a part of someone's face, such as their eyes, nose etc特点 n. planet= the world=earth/Earth=the globe 地球 n.

unpredictable=can't say/tell=unforeseeable=it remains to be seen 无法预测的 adj.

machinery=machines, especially large ones= a system or set of processes for doing

出国留学考试雅思系列

something=machine=device=robot=appliance=mechanism 机械 n.

ultimate=someone's ultimate aim is their main and most important aim, that they hope to achieve in the future= final最终的，根本的 adj.

atmosphere= the feeling that an event or place gives you= the mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth气氛; 大气n.

occur=happen=take place=there is=come about=come up=turn up=arise=strike发生v.

expand= get bigger=grow=swell up=stretch扩张，扩大v.

form= type= way something is/appears=shape形式 n.

emerge=appear=become visible=come into view/come into sight=come out=reappear 出现 v.

emit= to send out gas, heat, light, sound etc 发出，放射 n.

situation= circumstances=position=case=plight情况，状况 n.

self-conscious=worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you自觉的 n.

generate= to make someone have a particular feeling= form=produce=create 产生 v.

various=there are several different types of that thing=different=a variety of

something=differing=varying=an assortment of something=assorted=a mix of something=a mixture of something各种各样的 adj.

convenient= a thing or way of doing something that is easy and quick; a time or arrangement that is convenient 方便的 adj.

objective=impartial=neutral=not take sides=unbiased=disinterested客观的 adj.

enquiry=investigate=make inquiries/enquiries=go into=probe=look into=solve=be under investigation 调查 observe=notice=can see/can tell=see=spot=detect=note become aware/conscious=catch somebody's eye=perceive观察 v.

comment=remark=thing to say=point=statement= announcement=declaration=observation评论 include=consist of=comprise=be composed of= be made up of包含，包括 v.

focus on=deals only with=concentrate专注于 v.

affect=have an effect=have an impact=take effect= make a difference=impact影响 v.

gained from=come from=be based on=originate= go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derive from/be derived from=develop from/evolve from产生于ÿ. V.

concern=worry=stress=anxiety=strain= a feeling of worry about something important关心，担心n. Cambridge4 TEST4

official=formal=authorized=on (the) record官方的，正式的 adj.

athletic=physically strong and good at sport=fit=be in shape=be in good condition运动的 adj.

intensive=involving a lot of activity, effort, or careful attention in a short period of time=rapid=crash course密集的，加强的 adj.

burst=a short sudden effort or increase in activity=burst of anger/enthusiasm/temper etc 爆炸，突发 recognize=know=identify=pick out=tell认出，承认v.

inadequate=not enough=too little=few=scarce=insufficient=be in short supply=lack of something=be short 不足的 adj.

develop=come from=be based on=originate=go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derive from=be derived from=be founded on=grow out of=develop from=evolve from发展，生长 v.

出国留学考试雅思系列

enable=make something possible=allow=permit=pave the way for=clear the way for使能够 v.

predict=anticipate=forecast=foretell=prediction=projected=guess in advance预测 v.

specialist=someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, or is very skilled at it=expert专家 n. theoretical=relating to the study of ideas, especially scientific ideas, rather than with practical uses of the ideas or practical experience理论的 adj.

basic=fundamental=essential=central=underlying=simple=crude=primitive=rudimentary=unsophisticated=low-tech基本的 adj.

nature=plants/animals etc=somebody's character=qualities of something=type自然 n.

aim=purpose=point=idea=objective=object=goal=target=end目的 n.

translate=change languages=interpret=put something into English/French/Japanese etc翻译 v.

ancient=belonging to a time long ago in history, especially thousands of years ago 古老的 adj.

realistic=when pictures, films etc make things seem real=lifelike=realism=true to

life=vivid实际的，现实的

field=area=branch=world=domain=realm=sphere领域 n.

document=a piece of paper that has official information on it；a piece of written work that is stored on a computer文件 n.

equal=the same in number, amount, level etc as something else平等的 adj.

influence=effect=side effect=impact=what something does to=the implications 影响 n.

behavior=manner=conduct=behave=well-behaved=good=be on your best=stay out of trouble行为 n.

compare=to examine or judge two or more things in order to show how they are similar to or different from each other=liken=make a comparison=draw an analogy=draw a parallel=contrast 比较 v.

economically=in a way that is related to systems of money, trade, or business经济上地 adv.

establish=determine=identify=pinpoint=diagnose=to start a new business or

organization.建立新的生意/组织 v.

sustainable=able to continue without causing damage to the environment; able to continue for a long time可持续的 adj.

realize=know=be/become aware=can tell=appreciate=be conscious=know perfectly well=know/learn from experience意识到 v.

limit=restrict=set/impose/put a limit=keep to/keep within=confine=fix 限制

produce=form=create=generate生产 v.

guarantee=promise=assure=give somebody your word=swear=vow=commit to=pledge保证 v.

liberty=freedom=a free hand自由 n.

independence=self-sufficiency=self-reliance 独立 n.

consistent=always behaving in the same way or having the same attitudes, standards etc - usually used to show approval持续的 adj.

underestimate=to think or guess that something is smaller, cheaper, easier etc than it really is=to think that someone is not as good, clever, or skilful, as they really are低估 v.

provision=when you provide something that someone needs now or in the future 提供 n.

Cambridge5 TEST1

produce=develop=manufacture生产 v.

出国留学考试雅思系列

central=middle中心的 adj.

did not have=without没有 v.

bring=confer=award=present=grant=confer=allocate=offer带来 v.

time limit=deadline时间限制，期限 n.

increase=go up/rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=expand=pick up=widen=intensify=build up增加 assistant=helper=coach 助手 n.

immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous=tremendous=large scale/large-scale巨大的 adj. illustrate=show=be a sign=demonstrate=mean=make clear=reflect=tell=be evidence=reveal 表明，显示 v. quotation=a phrase or sentence that is well-known or often used 引用语 n.

predecessor=someone who had your job before you started doing it 前辈，前任n.

rival=a person, group, or organization that you compete with in sport, business, a fight etc=competitor 对手，竞争者 n.

distraction=something that stops you paying attention to what you are doing分心的事物 n.

fault=defect=problem=trouble=flaw=weakness =bug=virus=be something wrong with 错误，缺点 cornerstone=basis=foundation=the key 基石n.

confer=award=present=grant=allocate 给予 v.

stability=the condition of being steady and not changing稳定 n.

prevail=win=come out on top=prevail=carry the day流行,获胜v.

contract=agreement=understanding=compromise 合约 n.

grant=award=present=confer=allocate给予 v.

fascinate=if someone or something fascinates you, you are attracted to them and think they are extremely interesting吸引，使着迷 v.

disturb=interrupt=bother=distract=put somebody off 打扰 v.

expect=think=anticipate预期，期待 v.

psychology=the study of the mind and how it influences people's behavior 心理学 n.

obey=comply with=abide by=keep to=stick to the rules=conform to=observe=respect=toe the line=go by the book/do something by the book 服从，顺从v.

identity=someone's identity is their name or who they are 身份n.

severity=used of the degree of something undesirable 严重性 n.

unfold=open=happen=develop=expand 展开，发生 v.

deliberately=intentionally=on purpose=purposely故意地 adv.

moral=relating to the principles of what is right and wrong behavior, and with the difference between good and evil 道德上的，与道德有关的 adj.

prior to=before=previous在ÿ前面

repetition=doing or saying the same thing many times重复 n.

genetic=relating to genes or genetics基因的，遗传学的 adj.

sacrifice=when you decide not to have something valuable, in order to get something that is more important牺牲 v.

出国留学考试雅思系列

victim=someone who has been attacked, robbed, or murdered受害者 n.

forge=form=counterfeit 形成;伪造 v.

persuade=convince=win over=talk around 说服 v.

surrender=give in 投降，放弃 v.

extinct=an extinct type of animal or plant does not exist anymore=disappear=vanish灭绝的，绝种的 adj. abundant=plenty=ample 充裕的，丰富的 adj.

exaggerate=overstate夸张，夸大 v.

phenomenon=something that happens or exists in society, science, or nature, especially something that is studied because it is difficult to understand 现象 n.

perception=idea=notion=view=belief=insight 认识，观念，看法 n.

impression=infection=effect=influence=affection印象，感想 n.

entitle=to give someone the official right to do or have something 使某人有权利/资格 v.

distortion=a change for the worse=deformation扭曲，曲解 v.

dispose=to arrange things or put them in their places=arrange=settle=manage=cope with=deal with 安排，处理 v.

intuition=the ability to understand or know something because of a feeling rather than by considering the facts=instinct 直觉 n.

emission=a gas or other substance that is sent into the air排放物，散发物n.

diminish=reduce=decrease=fall=lessen=cut 减少，减小v.

postpone=put back=delay=adjourn 延期，推迟 v.

crucial=important=critical=vital=necessary=essential 至关重要的 adj.

pessimistic=expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that something will have a bad result=getting worse悲观的 adj.

attempt=purpose=order=effort 尝试，努力