组胚双语习题

Epithelial tissue

一、填空题：

1．Epithelial tissue根据功能不同分为______、______和______上皮。

2. 衬贴在心血管和淋巴管内表面的simple squamous epithelium称________，衬帖在心包膜、胸膜、腹膜腔的simple squamous epithelium称________。

3. 上皮细胞侧面主要的连接结构是___________、___________、___________和___________。具有两种以上cell junction的结构，称为___________。

4. Specializations at lateral surfaces of epithelium are and . 5. single epithelium can be divided into 4 types:________、________、_________和__________。 6.the basement membrane 在电镜下分为2层：________和__________,是由________和__________分泌的。

7. The firmest specialization at lateral surfaces of epithelium is __________。 二、单项选择题：

1.有关covering epithelium结构特点的叙述，哪项是错误的? A. more cells and less intercellular substance

B．cover the external and internal surface of the body C. cells have polarity D．has less capillaries

E．借基膜与深部结缔组织相连。 2. Microvillus的重要结构特点是内含 A.microtubules B. microfilaments C.microbodies

D.microtubules and microfilaments E. microbodies and microtubules 3. Cilium的重要结构特点是内含 A. 9组二联微管 B. 9组三联微管

C．9组三联微管和两条中央微管 D．9组二联微管和两条中央微管 E．以上均不是

4.Gap junction的主要功能是 A．传递化学信息 B．加强细胞间的连接

C．阻止大分子物质由外部进入细胞间隙 D．防止细胞间隙中的物质溢出 E. 有利于营养物质和气体分子通过 5.质膜内褶胞质附近存在较多的 A．mitochondria B.microtubules C. microfilaments D．lysomes E. RER

6. glandular epithelium是

1

A. 腺体内的上皮细胞

B．以分泌为主要功能的上皮 C．具有分泌功能的上皮 D. 具有分泌功能的细胞

E．凡能排出物质的上皮细胞 7. 小肠的腔面为何种上皮: A. simple columnar epithelium B. simple squamous epithelium C. simple cuboidal epithelium

D. pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium E. pseudostratified columnar epithelium

8．关于 pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium，哪种说法错误? A. 包括5种细胞

B. only the columnar cells rest on the basement membrane C. columnar cells have cilia D. goblet cells 分泌粘液 E. 分布于气道腔面

9. 以下何种组织中含有 goblet cells? A. Simple squamous epithelium B. Simple cuboidal epithelium C. Simple columnar epithelium D. Stratified squamous epithelium E. Pseudostratified epithelium

10. What type of gland secretes its product through a duct or tube? A. Endocrine gland B. Multicellular gland C. Exocrine gland D. All of the above E. None of the above

11. 关于Simple squamous epithelium ，错误的是 A. surface of the heart B. endothelium C. mesothelium

D. luminar surface of the stomach E. parietal layer of renal capsule True or False:

1.Epithelium usually has a free surface and a basal surface, both of which possess the same structure but different function.

2. microvilli 中轴部分含有肌动蛋白丝, 和终末网相连.

3. Between the epithelium and the underlining connective tissue is the basement membrane. 4.The basement membrane provides for a strong connection, increases the basal surface area and serves as a semi-permeable membrane（半透膜）.

5.Blood vessels and nerves never pass through the basement membrane and penetrate（渗透） into epithelial tissues.

2

6. Specializations of the basal surface of epithelium are basement membrane, desmosome, hemidesmosome, and plasma membrane infolding.

7. Epithelial tissues 分布于体腔和管道的表面，可特化形成glands.

Connective tissue

一、填空题：

1、Loose connective tissue的主要细胞是___________ 、___________、___________、___________、和___________。

2、Fibroblast的功能是形成___________和___________。 3、Adipose tissue分为两种：___________和___________。

4、Plasmacyte来源于___________。macrophage来源于___________。

二、单项选择题：

1. Which connective tissue cell type produces the ground substance in connective tissue? a. Fibroblast b. Myofibroblast c. Histiocyte d. Plasma cell e. Mast cell

e. All of the above are fibers found in connective tissue 2. What type of tissue is 肌腱 composed of? a. 脂肪组织 b. 间充质

c. Loose irregular connective tissue d. Dense irregular connective tissue e. Dense regular connective tissue

3. What type of tissue is 韧带 composed of? a. adipose tissue b. 间充质

c. Loose irregular connective tissue d. Dense irregular connective tissue e. Dense regular connective tissue

4. What type of adipose tissue tends to increase as humans age? a. Brown adipose tissue b. White adipose tissue c. Unilocular adipose tissue d. Multilocular adipose tissue

e. Both b and c5.Which one of these cells is not a cell type routinely found in loose connective tissue?

a. Fibroblast b. goblet cell c. macrophage d. Plasma cell e. Mast cell

6. Which connective tissue cell is derived from B lymphocytes? a. Fibroblast b. white cell c. Histiocyte d. Plasma cell e. Mast cell

7.Which of the following can be classified as 广义结缔组织? a. Cartilage

b. Loose connective tissue

3

c. 间充质

d. Dense connective tissue e. adipose tissue

8.Which of the following can be classified as 固有结缔组织? a. Adipose tissue

b. Dense irregular connective tissue c. Bone d. Blood e. Cartilage

9. Which of the following is not associated with connective tissue? a. Tightly packed cells b. Extracellular fibers c. Tissue fluid

d. Ground substance

e. None of the above; all of the above are seen with connective tissue 10.What does connective tissue develop from? a. Mesothelium b. Mesenchyme c. Mesangial cells d. Mesentery e. Wharton's jelly

Cartilage and bone

一、填空题：

1、Cartilage tissue由___________、___________和___________组成。

2、Cartilage分为三种：___________、___________和___________。三者结构的主要不同是所含的___________成分。

3、Bone tissue由___________和___________组成。

4、Bone tissue有四种细胞：_________、_________、_________和_________。 5、长骨骨干骨密质按bone lamella排列方式可分为___________、___________和___________。 二、单项选择题：

1.What type of basic tissue type is cartilage? a. Muscle b. Nervous c. Cartilage d. Epithelium

e. Connective tissue

2.How many types of cartilage are there? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 5

3.What do you call the space where a chondrocyte sits in? a. Space of Disse b. Space of Mall c. Vacuole

4

d. Lacuna

e. Howship's Lacuna

4. Which type of cartilage is highly vascular? a. Hyaline cartilage b. Elastic cartilage c. Fibrocartilage d. All of the above e. None of the above

5. Which type of cartilage is characterized by the presence of chondrocytes sitting in lacunae? a. Hyaline cartilage b. Elastic cartilage c. Fibrocartilage d. All of the above e. None of the above

6.Which type of cartilage forms the skeleton of the fetus? a. Hyaline cartilage b. Elastic cartilage c. Fibrocartilage d. All of the above e. None of the above

7. Which type of cartilage forms the articular surface on bones? a. Hyaline cartilage b. Elastic cartilage c. Fibrocartilage d. All of the above e. None of the above

8.Which type of cartilage forms the intervertebral disc? a. Hyaline cartilage b. Elastic cartilage c. Fibrocartilage d. All of the above e. None of the above

9.Which type of cartilage forms the hammer, anvil and stirrup? a. Hyaline cartilage b. Elastic cartilage c. Fibrocartilage d. All of the above e. None of the above

10.含有大量弹性纤维的软骨是什么? a. Hyaline cartilage b. Elastic cartilage c. Fibrocartilage d. All of the above e. None of the above

5

11. What cell produces the cartilaginous matrix? a. Chondrocyte b. Chondroblast c. Osteocyte d. Osteoclast

e. Bone lining cell

12. What is the mature bone cell called? a. Osteoclast b. Osteon c. Osteocyte d. Osteoblast e. Osteoid

13.Which type of cartilage is found in the external ear? a. Hyaline cartilage b. Elastic cartilage c. Fibrocartilage d. All of the above e. None of the above

14. 哈佛氏系统又称为什么? a. Osteoclast b. Osteon c. Osteocyte d. Osteoblast e. Osteoid

15.Where does cartilage come from? a. Ectoderm b. Endoderm c. Mesenchyme d. Connective tissue e. None of the above

16.含有大量胶原纤维束的软骨是什么? a. Hyaline cartilage b. Elastic cartilage c. Fibrocartilage d. All of the above e. None of the above

17.What is compact bone? a. Dense bone b. Woven bone c. Immature bone d. Cancellous bone e. Spongy bone

18.参与骨的重吸收的细胞是什么? a. Osteoclast

6

b. Osteon c. Osteocyte d. Osteoblast e. Osteoid

19.What type of basic tissue type is bone? a. Epithelium

b. Connective tissue c. Muscle d. Nervous e. Bone

20.Which cell type is responsible for bone breakdown? a. Chondrocyte b. Chondroblast c. Osteocyte d. Osteoclast

e. Bone lining cell

21. 下列哪种细胞是多核巨细胞？ a. Osteoclast b. Osteon c. Osteocyte d. Osteoblast e. Osteoid

22.参与构成生长线的是什么? a. Elastic cartilage b. Fibrocartilage c. Hyaline cartilage d. Compact bone e. Spongy bone

23.What sits in a lacuna? a. Osteoclast b. Osteon c. Osteocyte d. Osteoblast e. Osteoid

24.What cell is involved in laying down new bone? a. Osteoclast b. Osteon c. Osteocyte d. Osteoblast e. Osteoid

25.What is in the bone matrix? a. Elastic fibers b. Collagen fibers c. Reticular fibers

7

d. Dense irregular connective tissue e. Dense regular connective tissue

Blood

单选题

1、Reticulocyte的结构特点是

A．含少量核蛋白体 B．细胞核固缩 C. 含较多的血红蛋白 D. 含少量的线粒体 E. 含少量的粗面内质网 2、Granulocyte分类的依据

A. 细胞核的形态 B. 胞质中特殊颗粒的嗜色性 C. 胞质的染色性质 D．胞质的染色性质和核的形态 E. 胞质的染色性质和颗粒的嗜色性 3、The basis of classification of leukocytes is the

A.cell size B.morphology of nucleus C.specific granules D.non-specific granules E.phagocytizing（吞噬） capacity 4、Which of the following statements about eosinophils is FALSE? A.Constitute about 0.5%-3% of the leukocyte population

B.Specific granules are coarse, red-staining with Wright stain（瑞氏染色） C.Usually have a polymorphous nucleus with 2 lobes D.过敏反应时释放组胺酶以减弱组胺的作用 E. maximal leukocytes

5、Red blood cell（erythrocyte）携带氧和二氧化碳的成分是 A．细胞膜 B．线粒体 C．核糖体 D．内质网 E. 血红蛋白 6、人体内leukocytes的正常值 A.(4.2～5.5)×1012/L B.(4～10)×109/L C.(3.5～5)×1012/L D.(105～135)×1012/L E.(100～400)×109/L

7、Which of the following statements is NOT true of mature erythrocytes? A.Biconcave（双凹的） discs in shape B.7.5～8.5 μm in diameter

C.A nucleus with two lobes D.Rich in hemoglobin（血红蛋白） E.Have no organelles（细胞器）

8、The ABO blood group（血型） of humans is dependent on

A.lymphocytes B.monocytes C.blood platelets D.erythrocytes E.leukocytes

9、各类白细胞占白细胞总数百分比的正常值，哪项是错误的? A．neutrophil50-70％ B．eosinnophil为6-10％ C．basophil 0-1％ D．lymphocyte为20-30％ E．monocyte为3-8％

10、Which of the following statements is NOT true of neutrophils? A.Account for 50%-70% of the total circulating leukocytes B.They are agranulocytes

C.They have a polymorphous（多形态的） nucleus with 2～5 lobes or bacilliform（杆状的） D.They contain specific granules and azurophilic granules（嗜天青颗粒） E.颗粒内含有多种酶类，对细菌有杀灭作用 Key： 1-5 ABCEE 6-10 BCDBB

8

判断题

1、According to having granules in their cytoplasm or not, leukocytes are classified into two groups: granulocytes and agranulocytes.

2、Mature erythrocyte呈双凹圆盘形，无胞核，但残留游离核糖体，有合成蛋白质的作用。 3、monocyte胞质中具有嗜天青颗粒，因而属于granulocyte。

4、Blood is a specialized form of connective tissue, consisting of blood cells and plasma.

5、The young erythrocytes in the bloodstream often containing ribosomes（核糖体） are termed reticulocytes.

6、The cytoplasm of basophils has specific granules containing heparin（肝素） and histaminase（组胺）.

7、Erythrocytes function within blood vessels, while leukocytes function mainly outside the vessels. Key：

1-5 FFFTT 6-7 TT

Muscular tissue 单选题

1、关于myefibril超微结构的叙述，哪项是错误的?

A. H带内有粗肌丝 B．I带内有细肌丝 C．A带内有粗、细肌丝 D．细肌丝一端附着于Z线 E．粗肌丝一端固定于M线 2、A sarcomere consists of

A.1/2 I band + A band + 1/2 I band B.1/2 A band + I band + 1/2 A band C.1/2 I band + 1/2 A band D.1/2 I band + A band E.I band + A band

3、The transverse tubule of skeletal muscle is formed by A．肌内膜凹入肌纤维内部 B．基膜凹入肌纤维内部

C．肌膜凹入肌纤维内部 D．肌内膜与基膜凹入纤维内部 E．基膜与肌膜凹入肌纤维内部

4、关于cardiac muscle fibers, 哪项不正确

A.the nuclei are centrally located B.they are multinucleated（多核的） fibers C.they are branched fibers D.the fiber has branch E.cross striations（横纹） are found

5、Which of the following statements about the nucleus of skeletal muscle cells is TRUE? A.One nucleus located in the center of the cells B.Several nuclei in the center of the cells C.One nucleus beneath the sarcolemma D.Many nuclei beneath the sarcolemma E.Many nuclei scattered in the sarcoplasm 6、Where is the Z line situated in a sarcomere?

A.In the middle of the A band B.In the middle of the I band C.In the middle of the H band D.In between A and I bands E.In between A and H bands

7、The T tubules of skeletal muscle is continuous with A.A band B.Z line

C.nuclear membrane D.cell membrane/sarcolemma

9

E.sarcoplasmic reticulum

8、The sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle are formed by

A.cell membrane B.RER C.Golgi complex D.T tubules E.L tubules 9、All of the following are morphological features（形态特点） of skeletal muscle fibers EXCEPT A.long cylindrical（圆柱形的）cells

B.many elongated（伸长的） nuclei in the center of the cell

C.distinct cross striations D.rich SER E.the fiber has no branch 10下列哪种细胞的细胞核最多?

A. Macrophage B. Skeletal muscle fiber C. Osteoclast D. Neutrophil E. Cardiac muscle fiber

Key：1-5 EACBD 6-10 BDBBB

填空题

1、Muscle fiber的结构特点是含大量___________。

2、Myofibril的结构和功能单位是__________。它位于两个相邻___________之间。

3、根据功能结构特点，可将muscular tissue分为_________、________、________共三类。 4、电镜下skeletal muscle肌原纤维dark band中央有一色浅的窄带称为______带，后者中央还有一条色深的_______线。Linght band中央深色的线称为________线。 5、Sarcoplasmic reticulum是肌纤维内特化的_______，位于肌原纤维周围，具有贮存_______的能力。在骨骼肌纤维内发达，包括中间的_______和两端的_______，和transverse tubule共同构成_______。 6、Transverse tublue又称_______，是由_______向肌纤维内凹陷形成的，与肌膜表面_______。 7、cardiac muscle fiber呈_______，细胞核位居_______。相邻心肌纤维间有_______，位于______水平。

8、Muscle fiber的cell membrane称为_________，cytoplasm称为_________，SER称为_________。

Key：1 肌原纤维 2 肌节 Z线

3 骨骼肌 心肌 平滑肌 4 H M Z

5 滑面内质网 钙离子 纵小管 终池 三联体 6 横小管 肌膜 垂直

7 分支短柱状 中央 闰盘 Z线 8 肌膜 肌浆 肌浆网

判断题

1．A segment between two neighbouring Z-lines in a muscle fiber is called sarcomere.

2．电镜下cardiac muscle fiber的thin myofilaments 和thick filamens组成肌丝束，而不形成明显的myofibrils。

3．骨骼肌收缩时，肌节宽度变窄，I带与A带均变窄。

4．The skeletal muscle fibers branch and make gap junctions with neighbors. 5．在心肌纤维多形成二联体。

10

6．The transverse tubule of cardiac muscle fiber is located at A-I junction. 7．cardiacmuscle能够同步舒缩主要依赖于gap junction。

8 .The cardiac muscle fibers in the atrium(心房) are also a kind of endocrine cells. Key：1-5 FTFFT 6-8 FTT

Nervous tissue

单选题

1、which of the following is false about neuron? A. the processes include axons and dendrites

B. Nissl bodies and neurofibrils in the soma(cell body) and prosesses C. 核大而圆，异染色质少 D．核仁大而明显 E. has many receptors types

2、dendrite和axon的形态和结构特点，错误的是： A. 前者一条或多条，后者一般一条

B. 前者有Nissl bodies、Golgi apparatus、neurofibrils，后者均无 C. 前者有大量反复分支；后者光滑，直径均一

D. 前者含Nissl bodies、Golgi apparatus，可接受刺激

E. 后者不含Nissl bodies、Golgi apparatus，可产生和传导冲动 3、under the EM Nissl bodies consist of

A. RER&lysosomes B.SER& free ribosomes C. RER& free ribosomes D. SER&mitochondria E. SER& lysosomes 4、Synapse is

A. specialized junction between neurons

B．specialized junction between neuron and epithelial cells

C．specialized junction between neurons or neuron and non-neoron cells D．specialized junction between neuron and glandular cells

E．specialized junction between neurons or neuron and muscular cells 5、关于neuroglial cell的叙述，哪项是错误的?

A．数量较神经细胞多 B．distributed in CNS and PNS

C．一般无分裂能力 D．显示细胞整体形态要用特殊染色方法 E．胞突无树突和轴突之分

6、神经冲动的传导是在哪种结构发生?

A. the membrane of neuron B. the membrane of neuroglia cell C. the neurofibrils of neuron D. the microtubules of neuron E. the cytoplasm of neuron

7、下列哪种神经胶质细胞具有吞噬功能?

A. astrocyte B. oligodendrocyte C. satellite cell D. microglia E. ependymal cell 8、The reason for rapid conduction of impulses along myelinated nerve fibers is that they have A.long axons B.thick axons C.many synaptic vesicles in the axons D.clefts of Schmidt and Lantermann E.nodes of Ranvier 9、Myelinated sheath of the PNS is formed by A.astrocytes

B.oligodendrocytes C.microglia

11

D.Schwann cells E.capsular cells

Key 1-5 BBCC 6-9 ADED

填空题

1. The nervous tissue is made up of ________and_________.

2. Neuroglial cell in CNS 包括________、_________、_______和________. Neuroglial cell in PNS 包括___________和___________。

3.根据neuron’s neurite的数目可分为__________、_________和_________。 4.Neuron的neurite有___________和___________之分。 5.Nerve fiber可分为___________和___________两类。 6.Neuron的soma内嗜碱性物质，称为___________，电镜下它是由___________和__________组成。

7.中枢神经系统myelinated nerve fiber的myelin sheath是由___________的突起包绕axon而形成的。周围神经系统myelinated nerve fiber的myelin sheath是由___________反复包绕axon而形成的。

7.Synapse结构可分为三部分：__________、__________和__________。 9.Encapsulated senory nerve ending常见的有______、_____、_______。 Key：1 神经元/神经细胞 神经胶质细胞

2 星形胶质细胞 少突胶质细胞 小胶质细胞 室管膜细胞 神经膜细胞/施万细胞 卫星

细胞

3 多极神经元 双极神经元 假单极神经元 4 轴突 树突

5 有髓神经纤维 无髓神经纤维 6 尼氏体 粗面内质网 游离核糖体 7 少突胶质细胞 施万细胞

8 突触前成分 突出间隙 突触后成分 9 触觉小体 环层小体 肌梭

判断题

1.Synapse是神经细胞之间的一种cell junction。（ ） 2.Neuron’s soma（cell body）是细胞的营养中心。（ ）

3.Axon hillock和axon不能制造蛋白质，因为其内无RER和ribosome。（ ） 4.Neuron’s soma的重要特征是有Nissl’s body和neurofibril。（ ） 5.Nerve fiber是由axon与包在外表的少量结缔组织构成。（ ） 6.Myelinated nerve fiber的axon外表面均被neuroglial cell所包裹。（ ） 7.Nerve fiber的主要功能是传导冲动；myelin sheath具有绝缘和保护作用。（ ）

8.Neuron’s neurite分为dendrite和axon，它们的功能均是接受刺激，产生和传导冲动。（ ） 9．A nerve fibers 是由neurofibrils 聚集到一起形成的。（ ） Key：1-5 FTTTF 6-9 FTFF

Nerve system

单选题：

1、 Capillaries in the brain are wrapped by the processes of

12

A.astrocytes B.microglial cells C.capsular cells D.oligodendrocytes E.ependymal cells 2、The main efferent neuron of cerebral cortex is

A.stellate cell B. Pyramidal cell C. Granular cell D. Purkinje cell E.Fusiform cell

3、The efferent neuron of cerebellar cortex is

A.stellate cell B. Golgi cell C. Granular cell D. Purkinje cell E.basket cell Key: 1A 2B 3D

填空题

1、blood brain barrier 的构成是______、______、_______.

2、The neurons of cerebellar cortex are distributed in 3 layers: ______、______、_______. Key: 1 毛细血管连续内皮 血管基膜 星形胶质细胞脚板 2 分子层 浦肯野细胞层 颗粒层判断题：

1、The capillary of blood brain barrier is continuous capillary, with tight junction between neighboring endothelial cells.

2、the cerebral cortex is arranged as 5 layers, while the cerebellar 3. Key: 1T 2 F

Skin

判断题

1 Skin由epidermis、dermis和皮下组织构成。（ ）

2 Epidermis consists of two types of cells. They are non-keratinized cells and keratinized cells.（ ） Key: 1 F 2 T

填空题 1、厚的epidermis可分为五层，从基底到表面依次为__________、__________、__________、__________、和__________。

2、Dermis分为两层，浅层称__________层，由__________组织构成；深层称__________层。由__________组织构成。

3、皮肤nonkeratinocyte包括__________细胞、__________细胞和 _________细胞。 4、Appendages of the skin包括_______、________、________和_________。

5、Epidermis细胞分为两大类，一类是__________细胞；另一类是__________细胞。

单选题

1、 Epidermis的干细胞位于

A．基底层 B．棘层 C．颗粒层 D．基底层和棘层 E．基底层和真皮乳头层 2、The epidermis consists of

A.non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium B.keratinized stratified squamous epithelium C.pseudostratified columnar epithelium D.transitional epithelium E.none of the above

13

3、The tactile corpuscles are located in the A.epidermis

B.papillary layer of the dermis C.reticular layer of the dermis D.hypodermis

E.none of the above

Circulatory system

Ⅰ. Fill the blanks to complete the sentences

1. The wall of heart consists of 3 layers: _______, _________, _________. 2. The wall of vessels consists of 3 tunics: ______, _________, __________.

3. The tunica media of medium-sized artery is composed mainly of ________, and that of the large artery is _________.

4. According the structure in EM, the Capillary Can be grouped into 3 types: ________, __________, ________.

5. Vein与相伴行的artery相比，vein管壁的结构特点是管腔___________，管壁___________。 6. Circulatory system所有器官内表面衬贴着___________。

7.The cells of cardiac conduction system可分为三型：___________cell、___________cell和___________cell。 Ⅱ. Single Choice 1. Blood sinusoids

A.are found in the kidney（肾） and lung（肺） B.are absent in the red bone marrow C.have smooth muscle cells in their wall D.have discontinuous endothelium

E.always has complete（完整 ）basement membrane

2. Which is the feature（特点） of the fenestrated capillaries compared to the continuous ones? A.There is pores（孔） through the endothelial cells B.There is a continuous layer of endothelial cells

C.There is a tight junction between the endothelial cells

D. A large number of pinocytotic vesicles （吞饮小泡）exist in the cytoplasm E. They exis（存在）t in the connective tissue

3. Which is NOT a feature of the sinusoidal capillaries? A. 腔大 (30-40 mm)

B.The lumen is more irregular（不规则）in shape

C.Present（存在） in the muscle tissue and central nervous system D.Wide gaps（间隙） between epithelial cells

E.The basal lamina（基膜） may be complete or incomplete

4. Which of the following arteries has the distinct three-layer structure（三层分界清楚）? A.Large artery

B.Medium-sized artery

14

C.Small artery D.Elastic artery E.Arterioles

5. Which of the following blood vessels has the distinct internal elastic membrane? A.Large vein B.Large artery

C.Medium-sized artery D.Medium-sized vein E.Small vein

6. Which of the following arteries is referred to as（被称做） the elastic artery? A.Small artery

B.Medium-sized artery C.Large artery D.Arteriole

E.Distributing artery（分配动脉）

7. The large vein differs from other veins in that（与其它静脉的不同点） A.there is three tunics in its wall

B.small diameter and thinner wall（腔小，璧薄） C.the tunica media is thinner than that of arteries

D.there is relatively fewer smooth muscles in the tunica media

E.the tunica adventitia consists of many longitudinal（纵行） smooth muscles 8. Which is NOT the feature（特点） of endothelial cells?

A.Large numbers of plasmalemmal vesicles（质膜小泡） in the cytoplasm B.Have W-P bodies

C.Have microfilaments（微丝） D.Produce bioactive substances E.Many pores in the endothelial cell

9. All of the following are features of medium-sized arteries EXCEPT A.the tunica intima consists of three layers

B.the internal elastic membrane appears as（呈现） a bright red band （亮红色带状）in H & E sections（切片）

C.the tunica medium is composed of 10-40 layers of smooth muscle cells D.there are many fibrocytes in the tunica media

E.the smooth muscle cells can produce collagenous and elastic fibers 10. Which of the following is the thickest layer of most veins? A.The tunica intima

B.The internal elastic membrane C.The tunica media

D.The external elastic membrane E.The tunica adventitia

11. The vasa vasorum（营养血管） of blood vessels is mainly present in the A.tinica adventitia B.tunica media

C.subendothelial layer

15

D.tunica intima E.all of the above

12. The function of plasmalemmal vesicles （质膜小泡）in endothelial cells is A.secreting products（分泌）

B.transporting substances （运输） C.storing materials（储存） D.transferring information(传递) E.reserving membrane （膜储备）

13. Which of the following contains fewer capillaries? A.Tendons（韧带）

B.Skeletal muscle（骨骼肌） C.Cardiac muscle（心肌） D.Brain（脑） E.Glands（腺体）

14. The cardiac muscle fibers which contain the most secretory granules are present in the A. atrium（心房） B. ventricle（心室）

C.right ventricle（右心室） D.left ventricle（左心室） E.conducting system

15. The Purkinje fibers are present in the A. endothelium

B. subendothelial layer C. Subendocardial layer D. epicardium E. pericardium Ⅲ. True or False

1. Capillary管壁主要由endothelium构成，但不同器官其结构有差异，有的存在少许smooth muscle cell。

2. Under the LM, capillaries can be divided into three types: continuous, fenestrated and sinusoidal capillaries.

3. There are 40-70 layers of elastic membranes in the tuinca media of the large artery, so that it is called the elastic artery.

4. The smooth muscle fibers of the arteries can produce ground substance, elastic and collagenous fibers.

5. The valves of the veins 协助血液回流心脏，防止逆流。

6. The Purkinje fibers are specialized neurons and conduct impulses much faster than ordinary cardiac muscle fibers.

7. Elastic membrane主要由elastic protein构成，膜上有许多窗孔。

8. The wall of the aorta（主动脉） contains many layers of elastic membranes but no smooth muscle cells.

9. Purkinje fiber比心肌细胞短宽含纵行filament束较少，sarcoplasm较多。 10. Fenestrated capillary的主要特点是endothelial cell有许多贯穿细胞的孔。

16

答案

Circulatory system Ⅰ. Fill the blanks to complete the sentences

1． Endocardium myocardium epicardium

2． Tunic intima tunica media tunica adventitia 3． Smooth muscle elastic membrane

4． Continuous capillary fenestrated capillary sinusoid 5． large thin 6． Endothelium

7． Pacemaker transitional cell purkinje Ⅱ. Single Choice

D A C B C C E E D E A B A A C Ⅲ. True or False True: 3 4 5 7 9 10 False: 1 2 6 8

Immune system

1. Lymphocytes include ______, ________, _______, participate in________ and__________immunity respectively.

2. Lymphatic tissue exist in two ways______ and _______ , the former with clearly boundary, consists of _______mainly.

3. The thymus dependent area in spleen is ________.that of in lymph node is______. ４.Central lymphoid organ是__________和__________。

５．脾white pulp由__________和__________构成。脾red pulp由__________和__________构成。White pulp与red pulp交界处称__________。 Ⅱ. Single Choice

1. All of the following are elements（组成成分） of the immune system EXCEPT A.lymphoid tissues B.lymphoid organs C.lymphocytes D.macrophages E.endothelial cells

2. All of following are responsible for （参与）humoral immunity EXCEPT A.T lymphocytes B.B lymphocytes C.plasma cells D.antibody E.memory cells

3.呈递peptide-MHC complexes to T cells的是 A.macrophages B.dendritic cells

17

C.langerhans cells D.interdigitating cells E.all of the above

4.All of the following cells are components of the mononuclear phagocyte system EXCEPT A.histocytes（组织细胞） in connective tissue B.neutrophils

C.monocytes in peripheral blood（外周血） D.splenic （脾脏内的）macrophages E.oeteoclasts（破骨细胞）

5. The lymphoid nodules are NOT present in the A.thymus B.spleen

C.lymph nodes

D.palatine tonsils（扁桃体） E.空肠

6. The thymic corpuscles are distinguishable structure（特征结构） of the thymus. They are located in the A.cortex B.medulla

C.cortex and medulla D.capsule

E.interlobular（小叶间） connective tissue 7. Which is a function of the thymus?

A.Site of differentiation of T cells（Ｔ细胞分化的地点） B.Production of RBCs

C.Regulation of WBC production

D.Supplies B cells to（输送Ｂ细胞到） peripheral lymphoid organs E.Filters blood（滤血）

8. Postcapillary venules of the lymph node are present in the A.superficial cortex B.germinal center C.paracortical zone D.medullary cords E.medullary sinuses

9. The main cellls in the paracortical zone of lymph nodes are A.T cells B.B cells

C.memory cells D.macrophages E.reticular cells

10. Which of the following is main cell type of the lymphoid nodules? A.T cells B.B cells

C.Memory cells

18

D.Macrophages E.Reticular cells

11. Which is another name of the paracortical zone of the lymph node? A.Thymus dependent zone

B.Bone marrow dependent zone C.Periarterial lymphatic sheath D.Marginal zone E.Red pulp

12. The germinal center can be found in the A.primary lymphoid nodule B.secondary lymphoid nodule C.diffuse lymphoid tissue D.medullary cord E.medullary sinus

13. Which is NOT a function of lymph nodes? A.Filtration of lymph

B.Production of antibodies（抗体）

C.addition of lymphocytes（添加淋巴细胞到） to the lymph（淋巴） D.filtration of blood E.immunologic defense

14. When humoral immunity occurs, the main change in the lymph node is A.more, enlarged secondary lymphoid nodules（增多，变大） B.more, enlarged primary lymphoid nodules C.enlarged trabeculae（小梁） D.enlarged paracortical zone E.thickened capsule

15. Which is NOT a feature of the germinal center of a lymphoid nodule? A.Appears after stimulation of antigens B.Divides into dark zone and light zone C.Only contains B cells

D.B cells proliferate and differentiate here

E.Also contains follicular dentritic cells and macrophages 16. The Thymus dependent zone in the spleen is the A.red pulp B.white pulp

C.periarterial lymphatic sheath D.lymph nodule E.splenic cord

17. The spleen is surrounded by a capsule consisting of the（脾被膜包含） A.collagen fibers B.smooth muscle cells C.fibroblasts

D.covering mesothelium E.all of the above

19

18. The white pulp of the spleen consists of

A.periarterial lymphatic sheath and splenic corpuscles B.splenic corpuscles and splenic cords C.splenic cords and splenic sinusoids

D.splenic cords and periarterial lymphatic sheath E.marginal zones and splenic cords

19. The site of the B cells in the spleen is the A.sinusoids

B.subcapsular sinuses C.trabecula D.splenic nodules

E.periarterial lymphatic sheath

20. When cellular immunity occurs, the change in the spleen is A. splenic sinusoids增大

B. periarterial lymphatic sheaths增大

C.more and enlarged splenic corpuscles（脾小体增大增多） D.enlarged marginal zones E.thickened capsule Ⅲ. True or False

1. The antigen presenting cells are distributed in the lymphoid tissue and connective tissue but not in the epithelial tissue.

2. The main difference between primary and secondary lymphoid nodules is the absence or presence（无或有） of the germinal center.

3. After stimulated by antigens T-lymphocytes divide and differentiate into plasma cells. 4. The effector cells of both T and B cells actively take part in recirculation of lymphocytes. 5. The paracortical zone of the lymph node is diffuse lymphoid tissue.

6. The red pulp of the spleen is rich in blood cells because of high permeability of the splenic sinusoids.

7. The parenchyma of the spleen can divided into the cortex and medulla.

8. The high endothelial postcapillary venules are usually located in the diffuse lymphoid tissues. 9. NK cells are a class of （是一种）lymphocytes, which attack virus-infected cells and tumor cells without previous antigen stimulation.

10. The spleen and lymph node both contain blood sinusoids.

11. Postcapillary venules of the lymph node are key structures（关键结构） of recirculation of lymphocytes. Ⅳ explain the terms.

1. thymic corpuscle: acidophilic body that be consisted of concentric layers of flattened thymic corpuscle epithelial cells .it is the characteristic structures of thymus. Located in medulla. But its function is unknown.

2. Blood thymus barrier: It is a barrier between blood & thymic contex. Large molecular substances in blood can’t enter the cortex of thymus. It is formed by Endothelium of continuous cap. , Complete basement membrane of endothelium, pericapillary space containing macrophage, Basement membrane of epithelial reticular cell, Processes of Thymic epithelial cells.

20

答案

Immune system Ⅰ. Fill the blanks to complete the sentences

1. T cell B cell NK cell cellular humoral 2. lymphoid nodule diffuse lymphoid tissue B cell

3. periarterial lymphatic sheath paracortical zone(deep cortex) 4. Thymus bone marrow

5. periarterial lymphatic sheath splenic corpuscle splenic cord splenic sinusoid marginal zone Ⅱ. Single Choice

E A E B A B A C A B A B D A C C E A D B Ⅲ. True or False True 2 5 8 9 11 False 1 3 4 6 7 10

Endocrine system

Ⅰ. Fill the blanks to complete the sentences.

1. Thyroid follicle is surrounded by _______ epi. The cavity is packed______, i.e._______. 2. _______cell secret T3 and T4, parafollicular cell secret________. The hormone with the opposite function is _________.

3. From outer to inner, the three zones of cortex of adrenal gland is _______, ______, _______, secret_________, ________, ________ respectively. Ⅱ. Single Choice

21

1. All of the following are the features of steroid hormone-secreting cells EXCEPT A.a number of（一定量的） lipid droplets B.mitochondria with tubular cristae（管状脊） C.large amount of SER

D.spongy appearance（海绵状外观） in an H&E section E.secretory granules

2. Which is NOT a characteristic（特点） of nitrogen containing hormone-secreting cells? A.Rough endoplasmic reticulum B.Golgi apparatus

C.Membrane bound granules

D.Hormones are secreted by diffusion（弥散） E.Hormones are secreted by exocytosis（胞吐）

3. Which of the following is NOT a feature of parafollicular cells of the thyroid? A.Can be demonstrated with silver（可以用银盐显示） B.Do not contact with（不接触） colloid

C.Stain deeply（染色深） in routine H&E sections D.Produce calcitonin

E.Contain secretory granules

4. All of the following are functions of the thyroid hormone EXCEPT A.increase the basal metabolic rate（提高基础代谢率） B.promote cell growth（促进细胞生长） C.raise body temperature（升高体温） D.increase heart rate（加快心率）

E.inhibit body growth and development （抑制生长发育）of the nervous system during fetal life（婴儿期）

5. The chemical composition of the thyroid colloid is A.thyroid hormones

B.thyroglobulin（甲状腺球蛋白）

C.iodinated thyroglobulin（碘化的甲状腺球蛋白） D.lipoprotein（脂蛋白） E.polysaccharides（多糖）

6. The secretion of the parathyroid glands A.is called calcitonin

B.is called thymoxine（甲状腺素）

C.lowers level of serum calcium（血钙） D.raise level of serum calcium

E.does not affect level of serum calcium

7.All of the following are endocrine hormones of the cortex of the adrenal gland EXCEPT A.aldosterone（醛固酮） B.epinephrine（肾上腺素）

C.glucocorticosteroids（糖皮质激素） D.cortisol（皮质醇）

E.sex hormones（性激素）

8. The portion of the adrenal gland in which cells are arranged in clusters with intervening

22

sinusoids is（肾上腺哪部分细胞是排列成球团状的？） A.the zona glomerulosa B.the zona fasciculate C.the zona reticularis D.the medulla E.the capsule

9. Which of the following is NOT true of the cells of zona fasciculata?

A.Arranged in cords（索） with each cord usually containing two rows（列） of cells B.Lagre cells with pale stained, foamy cytoplasm（胞质泡沫状） C.Abundant SER under EM

D.Mitochondria with tubular cristae E.Stimulated by ACTH

10. The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland A.is not essential for life

B.lies between the zona reticularis and medulla C.produces aldosterone( 醛固酮) D.is largest part of the gland E.is regulated by ACTH

11.Which is FALSE concerning（关于） the adrenal medulla? A.It is not essential for life

B.Contains two types of secretory cells

C.The cells contain chromaffin granules（嗜铬颗粒）

D.Produces more norepinephrine（去甲肾上腺素） than epinephrine（肾上腺素）

E.Can gives rise to tumors that might result in（导致） hypertension （高血压）or sudden death（猝死）

12. Foamy appearance of zona fasciculata cells of the adrenal cortex results from abundant A.mitochondria B.lipid droplets C.lysosomes D.SER

E.vacuoles（小泡）

13. All of the following are endocrine hormones produced in the hypophysis（垂体） EXCEPT A. oxytocin B.ACTH C.TSH D.FSH E.LH

14. All of the following hormones are secreted by basophil cells of the pars distalis EXCEPT A.TSH B.ACTH C.FSH D.LH

E.Prolactin

15. Luteinizing hormone (LH)

23

A.is secreted by acidophils

B.is secreted by chromophobe（嫌色细胞）

C.activates the seminiferous tubules（生精小管） of the testis（睾丸） D.activates the interstitial cells（间质细胞） of the testis E.activates the follicle（卵泡）s of the ovary（卵巢） Ⅲ. True or False

1. The fine structure of the thyroid gland involves（适于） the synthesis and secretion of steroid hormones（类固醇激素）.

2. The release of all hormones produced in the thyroid is controlled by thyroid stimulating hormone.

3. The thyroid is unusual among the endocrine glands（甲状腺与其它内分泌腺不同：） in that it stores large quantities of hormone precursors outside the cells（再细胞外储存大量的激素前体）. 4. In an actively secreting（分泌功能活跃的） thyroid gland, the follicular cells become columnar and the colloid is decreased in volume.

5. All the hormones secreted by the adrenal gland are steroid hormones. 6. The zona reticularis secretes cortisol（皮质醇） and sex hormones.

7. Hypophyseal portal system由垂体门静脉及其两端的毛细血管网构成。 8. 具有分泌功能的neuron和APUD细胞统称为DNES。

9. Pituitary hormones that modulate the activity of other endocrine glands are known as trophic hormones（促激素） and are all secreted by the anterior lobe（前叶）. 10. In the anterior pituitary（垂体前叶）, the basophil cells are larger and more numerous than the acidophil cells. 答案

Endocrine system Ⅰ. Fill the blanks to complete the sentences.

1. simple colloid 碘化的甲状腺球蛋白

2. follicular epithelial cell calcitonin parathyroid hormone

3. zona glomerulosa zona fasciculala zona reticularis 盐皮质激素 糖皮质激素 性激素 Ⅱ. Single Choice

E D C E C D B A A C A B A E D Ⅲ. True or False True 3 4 6 7 8 9 False 1 2 5 10

Respiratory system

一、填空题：

1、Pulmonary lobule是由一条 及其所属的分支和肺泡组成。

2、Respiratory region包括 、 、 和 。 3、Alveolar epithelium由 细胞和 细胞组成。

4、Blood-air barrier (respiratory membrane)由 、 、 和 构成。 5、Type I pneumocyte的主要功能是 ，Type II pneumocyte的主要功能是

24

二、单项选择题：

1.Which cell is a also called a 间质细胞? a. Clara cell

b. Type I pneumocyte c. Type II pneumocyte d. Dust cell e. Brush cell

2.Which cell is a respiratory macrophage? a. Kupffer cells b. Histiocyte c. Dust cell

d. Langerhans cell e. Microglia

3. respiratory bronchiole与terminal bronchiole结构的主要不同是 A．无平滑肌

B．上皮细胞无纤毛 C. 无腺体

D．无完整管壁 E．无Goblet cells

4.What cell types are found in the respiratory mucosa? a. Ciliated cells b. Goblet cells c. Basal cells d. Brush cells e. All of the above

5. What is the smallest airspace of the respiratory tree? a. Alveolar duct b. Alveoli c. Alveolar sac

d. Respiratory bronchiole e. Terminal bronchiole

6. What type of tissue forms the alveoli in the lung? a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple cuboidal epithelium c. Simple columnar epithelium d. Stratified squamous epithelium e. Pseudostratified epithelium

7. Which structure is part of the conducting portion of the airway? a. Bronchi

b. Alveolar ducts c. Alveoli

d. Alveolar sacs

e. Respiratory bronchioles

8. In which structure does gas exchange NOT occur?

25

a. Alveolar duct b. Alveoli c. Alveolar sac

d. Respiratory bronchiole e. Terminal bronchiole

9. 气体交换首先发生在下列管道中的哪一部分? a. Alveolar duct b. Alveoli c. Alveolar sac

d. Respiratory bronchiole e. Terminal bronchiole

10. 气管和支气管上皮可能有感受刺激的细胞是 A. Ciliated cell B. Brush cell C. golet cell D. Basal cell

E. Small granule cell

11. Which cell secretes 表面活性物质? a. Clara cell

b. Type I pneumocyte c. Type II pneumocyte d. Dust cell e. Brush cell

12. 终末细支气管中哪种细胞数量最多? a. Clara cell

b. Type I pneumocyte c. Type II pneumocyte d. Dust cell e. Brush cell

13. What type of epithelium is found in the respiratory mucosa of man? a. Non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells b. Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells c. Simple columnar epithelium d. Stratified squamous epithelium e. Transitional epithelium 三、是非题：

1、The term Clara cells is applied to the goblet cells in the epithelium of the terminal bronchioles. （ ） 2、Pulmonary capillaries are of fenestrated type which enhances gaseous exchange with the alveoli. （ ）

3、The alveolar lining cells contain numerous cytoplasmic pores known as alveolar pores which facilitate gaseous exchange with the pulmonary capillaries. （ ）

4、In the tracheal wall, the disposition of cartilage in C-shaped rings permits the trachea to expand in diameter and to increase in length during inspiration. （ ）

26

5、Alveolar septum由alveolar epithelium及其之间的结缔组织构成。（ ） 6、Dust cell是胞质含大量尘粒的pulmonary macrophage。（ ） 7、Alveolar pore是肺泡开口于alveolar sac的通道。（ ）

Urinary system

一、填空题：

1、Urine形成的结构和功能单位称 ，它由 和 组成。 2、Renal corpuscle由 和 组成。

3、Renal tubule包括 、 和 三部分。

4、Renal filter membrane由 、 和 三层构成。 5、Juxtaglomerular complex由 、 和 组成。 6、Renal cortical labyrinth和renal column中，能见到nephron的 、 和 。

7、Renal corpuscle有两个极，vascular pole是 与 相连处；是 与 相连处。

8、Medullary loop (nephron loop)由 、 和 构成。

二、单项选择题：

1. Which structure does the proximal convoluted lead to? a. Glomerulus

b. Bowman's capsule c. Renal corpuscle d. Loop of Henle

e. Distal convoluted tubule

2.What is a renal pyramid and its associated cortex referred to? a. Medulla b. Lobe

c. Renal columns d. Nephron

e. Medullary ray

3. Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidney? a. Erythropoietin production b. Vitamin D modification c. 酸碱平衡 d. 产生雄激素 e. 产生肾素

4. What type of tissue composes the kidney tubules? a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple cuboidal epithelium c. Simple columnar epithelium d. Stratified squamous epithelium e. Transitional epithelium

5. What cells are sensitive to sodium concentration? a. Visceral layer of Bowman's capsule b. Parietal layer of Bowman's capsule c. Pedicels

d. Juxtaglomerular cells e. Macula densa

6. Where are podocytes seen?

27

urinary pole a. Bowman's capsule 壁层 b. Bowman's capsule 脏层 c. Pedicels

d. Juxtaglomerular cells e. Macula densa

7. What is the double layered cap on the glomerulus? a. Glomerulus

b. Bowman's capsule c. Renal corpuscle d. Loop of Henle

e. Distal convoluted tubule

8. Where is renin secreted from?

a. Visceral layer of Bowman's capsule b. Parietal layer of Bowman's capsule c. Pedicels

d. Juxtaglomerular cells e. 致密斑

9.What is the projection of the medulla into the renal cortex called? a. Medulla b. Lobe

c. Renal columns d. Nephron

e. Medullary ray

10.What makes up the Juxtaglomerular apparatus? a. Pedicels

b. Juxtaglomerular cells c. Macula densa d. Both a and b e. Both b and c

11.What is the space between the renal pyramids called? a. Medulla b. Lobe

c. Renal columns d. Nephron

e. Medullary ray

12.What is the capillary tuft of the nephron? a. Glomerulus

b. Bowman's capsule c. Renal corpuscle d. Loop of Henle

e. Distal convoluted tubule 13. 肾的功能单位是什么? a. Medulla b. Lobe

c. Renal columns d. Nephron e. 髓放线 三、是非题

1、Renal capsule壁层是由内皮组成。（ ）

2、Renal capsule脏层foot cell的次级突起，紧贴毛细血管基膜，突起间的孔隙有一层薄膜。（ ）

3、Renal corpuscle的两端分别与入球微动脉和出球微动脉相连。（ ） 4、Collecting duct series是排尿管道，与尿形成无关。（ ） 5、Renal corpuscle位于肾实质迷路和肾柱renal column内。（ ）

6、The lumen of the renal tubule is continuous with Bowman’s space. （ ）

7、Most of the glomerular filtrate is absorbed in the distal convoluted tubule. （ ）

28

8、The cells of the macula densa are sensitive to the concentration of potassium ions in the proximal convoluted tubule. （ ）

9、The finding of a large number of mitochondria in the cells of the proximal convoluted tubule suggests that much active absorption takes place in this site. （ ）

29

本文来源：https://www.bwwdw.com/article/c25p.html