人教版高中英语选修八高二下学期英语暑假作业4

山西重点中学协作体高二下学期英语暑假作业4

一、单项选择题

1、Hairdressers（发型师）say the 'pob'（波波头）__________by female politicians to demonstrate they are in charge and mean business.

A. is being used

B. is used

C. be used

D. used

2、Australia________ to move their athletes into the Rio Olympic Village(奥运村) because of concerns about the state of their accommodation.

A. are refused

B. refuse

C. are refusing

D. refused

3、 Is this factory _____ he worked before moving to Beijing?

A. the one

B. which

C. where

D. in which

4、 I tried all I could do_______ the topic at the meeting, but I failed.

A. avoid mentioning

B. avoiding to mention

C. to avoid mentioning

D. avoiding mentioning

5、There is always some obstacle in the way, something ________ before we realize the real goal of education.

A. to be got through B .got through

C. getting through

D. having been got through

6、Student loans are supposed to provide financial support for the students who would _______ not be able to go to college.

A. meanwhile

B. otherwise

C. therefore

D. nevertheless

二、阅读理解

7、任务型阅读

Man VS bacteria

If you live in England and have a mild infection, don't

ask your GP to recommend antibiotics. He'll probably say

'no' and give you something else. This is part of an initiative

to put a stop to harmful infections becoming resistant to

these drugs.

Recent figures from the NHS have shown that the

number of prescriptions for all types of antibiotics were

down by 7.3% on the previous year to about 34 million in 2015 and 2016, which is considered a success by the authorities.

Peter Taylor, Professor of Microbiology, UCL School of Pharmacy, says that antibiotics are probably "the safest and most effective drugs ever produced, but they have an Achilles heel - every time we use an antibiotic it alters the levels of bacteria out there in the environment and engenders resistance in a way that is very similar to Darwinian natural selection".

The power of these substances was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928 almost by chance. The Scottish bacteriologist returned to his laboratory after a holiday to find a bacteria-free circle around a growth of mould on a Petri dish. It gave us our first antibiotic: penicillin.

The availability of these drugs revolutionised the treatment of infections. In the past STIs spread by bacteria were often incurable and deadly. Today all it takes to treat them is a trip to the clinic and a course of antibiotics. Childbirth was very dangerous and routinely ended in

death for both mother and baby. Now the risk of a woman dying in England and Wales during labour is between 40 and 50 times lower than 60 years ago.

Bacteria will continue to evolve to seek survival and we have to up our game. There hasn't been a new class of antibiotics since the 1980s and pharmaceutical companies are looking into a wide-range of alternatives –from compound from insects to nanotechnology - to develop new weapons in the continuous war against superbugs.

阅读前：词汇表：补充空缺处

infection _____________ GP (general practitioner) 全科医生，普通医师

_________ 抗生素NHS (National Health Service) 全民医疗服务制度

____________ 处方，药方microbiology 微生物学pharmacy 药店，（此处指）药剂学Achilles heel ______________

Darwinian natural selection 达尔文的自然选择（学说）

_____________________ 细菌学家mould 霉，霉菌Petri dish 皮氏培养皿penicillin 盘尼西林，青霉素STI (sexually-transmitted infections) 性传播疾病incurable 无法治愈的labour _______________

pharmaceutical 制药的nanotechnology 纳米技术______________ 超级病菌

测验与练习

1. 听音频4，阅读课文并回答问题。

1. Why won't doctors give you antibiotics if your illness is not very serious?

2. How does Professor Peter Taylor describe the weakness in antibiotics?

3. True or false? Alexander Fleming expected the fungus to kill bacteria when he returned to his laboratory.

4. How much safer has childbirth become in the last few decades?

5. Which two words in the text include prefixes meaning "very small"?

2. 请你在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处。

1. My brother is going to university. He wants to study __________.

bacteriologist pharmaceutical pharmacy a course of antibiotics

2. I've got a bad rash on my elbow. The doctor will give me a __________ for a very effective ointment.

antibiotic Petri dish mould prescription

3. In the past it was very difficult to cure __________.

childbirth penicillin STIs labour

4. The doctor told me he has to operate on me tomorrow. That's the only way to treat my illness - there's no __________.

availability Achilles heel resistance alternative

5. Mark spent his first year at university partying and having fun. If he wants to get a diploma he has to __________ and study more.

up his game be my game game up win the game

8、任务型翻译

历史上，新疆的宗教关系十分复杂。新中国成立以前，不同宗教之间、同一宗教的不同教派之间发生过多次冲突，甚至在局部地区爆发了长达数十年的宗教战争和数百年的教派纷争。宗教战争和冲突，不仅对经济社会造成严重破坏，也给人民带来深重灾难，使人们失去信仰自由。

参考词汇：新中国：the People's Republic of China

教派纷争：sectarian strife

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答案

1-6A CCCAB

7/阅读前：

infection 感染GP (general practitioner) 全科医生，普通医师antibiotics 抗生素NHS (National Health Service) 全民医疗服务制度prescription 处方，药方microbiology 微生物学pharmacy 药店，（此处指）药剂学Achilles heel 致命弱点，致命伤Darwinian natural selection 达尔文的自然选择（学说）bacteriologist 细菌学家mould 霉，霉菌Petri dish 皮氏培养皿penicillin 盘尼西林，青霉素STI (sexually-transmitted infections) 性传播疾病incurable 无法治愈的labour 分娩pharmaceutical 制药的nanotechnology 纳米技术superbug 超级病菌

1. 阅读课文并回答问题。

1. Why won't doctors give you antibiotics if your illness is not very serious? Because the constant use of antibiotics make bacteria develop a resistance to them.

2. How does Professor Peter Taylor describe the weakness in antibiotics? He says they have an "Achilles heel".

3. True or false? Alexander Fleming expected the fungus to kill bacteria when he returned to his laboratory.

False. He discovered the bacteria-killing power of the fungus by chance.

4. How much safer has childbirth become in the last few decades? The risk of a woman dying in England and Wales during childbirth is between 40 and 50 times lower than 60 years ago.

5.Which two words in the text include prefixes meaning "very small"? MICRObiologist, NANOtechnology.

2. 请你在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处。

1. My brother is going to university. He wants to study pharmacy.

2. I've got a bad rash on my elbow. The doctor will give me a prescription for a very effective ointment.

3. In the past it was very difficult to cure STIs.

4. The doctor told me he has to operate on me tomorrow. That's the only way to treat my illness - there's no alternative.

5. Mark spent his first year at university partying and having fun. If he wants to get a diploma he has to up his game and study more.

8、任务型翻译

Historically, religious relations in Xinjiang were very complicated. Before the People's Republic of China was founded in 1949 many conflicts had occurred between different religions or different sects of the same religion; some areas even experienced decades of religious wars and centuries of sectarian strife. Religious wars and conflicts not only caused serious damage to the economy and society, but also brought grave disasters to the people. As a result, people lost freedom of faith.

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