徐绽：2010考研英语必备之新概念第三册课文精读详解

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徐绽：2010考研英语必备之新概念第三册课文精读详解50篇1

学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的，要把单词放在语句中体会其应用学习关键句型结构时则要把它放在段落结构或文章里 ★spot v. 看出，发现

pick out / see / recognize / catch sight of eg: A tall man is easy to spot in the crowd.

He has good eye for spotting mistakes. 他有敏锐的识别错误的能力。 spot(做动词时候) = see:强调结果、辨别出、看见、识别、发现。 find 强调发现的结果。 find out 查出事实真相。 discover 做出重大发现 notice 注意到 observe 观察

watch 观察活动中的人或画面 spot n. 斑点

eg: There is a white spot on the shirt. on the spot

1,立刻，马上（at once, immediately ）

Anyone breaking the rules will be asked to leave on the spot. 2,at the place of the action 在现场

Wherever she is needed , she is quickly on the spot.

★evidence n. 证据

When the police arrived, he had already destroyed the evidence. evidence=proof

in evidence:显而易见的.

He was in evidence at the party. evidently adv. evident adj.

★accumulate vt,vi. 积累，积聚 accumulate 强调积累的过程

As the evidence accumulates, experts from the zoo felt obliged to investigate. gather vt. 聚集，把某人召集在某处 collect 收集，采集

assemble 集合，集会， vt. 装配 hoard 大量地贮存

The squirrel hoards up nuts for the cold winter. hoard up= store up

amass 积聚（主要用于诗歌和文学作品）

★oblige v. 使?感到必须

feel obliged to do sth.感觉有必要做某事 be obliged to do sth 被迫做某事

★hunt n. 追猎；寻找 run after 强调追赶、追求.

seek 追寻（梦想，理想） = pursue chase 追赶. hunt for

search 搜寻某处为了寻找到某人或某物

★corner v. 使走投无路，使陷入困境 corner n. 角落

at the corner of the street in the corner of the room on the corner of the desk

be cornered ???被逼得走投无路

常用于被动语态：

The thief was cornered at last.

The problem cornered me.这个问题把我难例了。

★trail n. 一串，一系列 trail==follow vt. 跟踪

eg: The police trailed the criminal to the place where he was hiding.

★cling (clung, clung ) v. 粘

eg: She is always clinging to her mother.

He clung to the hope that he would succeed.(抱有，怀有) stick 粘住 stick to 坚持 sticky adj. 粘的

★convince vt. 使?信服

convince sb. of sth 使sb相信sth 和宾语从句that 搭配使用

没有宾语的情况下要采用主系表结构：be convinced sb be convicned sb相信

★somehow adv. 不知怎么搞地，不知什么原因 by some means, in some way, for some reason unknown somewhat ==a little

★disturb v. 令人不安

disturbing adj. 令人不安的 disturbed 感到不安的

surprising 令人吃惊的 surprised 感到吃惊的 exciting 令人激动的 excited 感到激动的三、【课文精析】 at large

1：逃遁的，没有被控制的。 2：详细的(in detail)

3：总体来讲（as a whole）

Key sentence:

Pandas are large cat-like animals which are found in Asia.

life-like: 栩栩如生的

一般来讲定语从句和同位语从句紧随在被修饰名词后面，但为了保持句子平衡，也可以把谓语动词放到从句之前

定语从句只是对于被修饰词的补充说明、修饰。同位语从句则是讲述被修饰名词的内容定语从句的引导词：

指人：主语 who; 宾语 who/whom; 定语 whose 表达事物：that(也可指人)/ which

时间状语：when; 地点状语：where; 原因状语： why

同位语从句：名词做主语、宾语时，关系词用that 而不是which 时间 when; 地点 where

eg: An idea came to her that she might do the experiment in another way. I have no idea what has happened to him.

定语从句中没有what 这个关系词，但它可以引导同位语从句 (An idea)?come to sb.某人突然想到了??

take sth. seriously==deal with sth. seriously 认真（严肃）对待某事 take sth. lightly: 草率对待某事

as 随着

过去分词做定语

claim to have done sth：声称曾经作过某事 confirm: be sure, be certain

search=hunt

leave behind：把某物留在后面

Wherever he went, the wound soldier left behind him a trail of blood.伤员所到之处，都留下道道血迹。

英文的表达方式重点在于突出客观事实，而中文则善于运用动作的执行者 complain of / about :抱怨

on + 名词：强调动作正在进行 on the rise:在上升

on the increase: 在增加 on the watch: 在观看 on the match:在比赛中

on the fishing trip:在钓鱼的途中 on holiday: 在度假

fully: completely, entirely

in the possession of sb==in sb's possession 归某人所有 in possession of sth. 拥有某物 take possession of 拥有

eg: The beautiful car is in my possession / in the possession of me. I am in possession of the beautiful car.

The person in possession of the big house is excited. It is disturbing to think that 一想到???就心里不安 eg: It is disturbing to think that I felt my examination. 二、【New words and expressions】生词和短语 ★equal v. 等于 A equal B

与 ? 相匹敌 None of us can equal her, either in beauty or as a dancer. eg:Mary is quite equal to John in brains. be equal to + n: 1. 与?相匹敌 2. 有能力做某事 to- 介词

eg: I am equal to running the company.

★raise v. 募集；筹（款） raise money 筹款 raise price 提高 raise a horse饲养 raise a family 供养 raise wheet 种植小麦 raise an army 招募 raise a shout 发出喊声

★vicar n. 牧师

★torchlight n.电筒光三、【课文精析】

现在进行时和always 等频度副词的搭配——表示说话人带有的情感色彩 Tom is always doing homework. Tom is always does his homework. He is always making noises.

one or another：表示某种、这样或那样

get enough money：筹集足够的资金来做某事

I have to get enough money to have my house repaired.

have the church clock repaired-----have sth. done 找某人来做某事 have the plane repaired have hair cut

某人所遭受到的意外某种情况-----主语必须是发出动作的人 His wallet was stolen. He had his wallet stolen.

used to:过去常常做，而现在不再发生的事情了 He used to smoke every day.

however 用于口语，主要用于句首，作文中，最好用在句中、句尾，要用逗号分隔开来 He said that it was so, he was mistake, however. or: He said that it was so, however, he was mistake. I know his story, however, I wouldn’t like to tell you. I know his story, I, however, wouldn’t like to tell you. however 可用nevertheless nonetheless 替换

start: 惊跳、惊奇

Eg: The voice made him start.

What a start you give me.你真吓了我一跳 He stood up with a start.

before ?才

Nearly a week past before he could explain what had happen to him.

Armed with a torch…

现在分词和过去分词的用法

分词做状语/定语时，一定要注意它和逻辑主语要呼应一致

recognized sb as ：认出某人是

regard sb as, think of sb as, treat sb as(把某人对待为), have on sb as（把某人尊敬为） whatever: ever用来加强语气 night after night：一夜连着一夜

day after day / year after year / week after week / bus after bus Key sentence: you certainly did give me… did

肯定句中常用do, did, does 加强语气和情感色彩，一定要位于动词原形之前。 Eg: You do like beauty today.

as well用在句尾相当于too, 主要用在肯定句中，但比too所表达的语意更优秀 still用于句首，用逗号分隔开来，表达一个转折的关系。虽然如此，但是 get used to , be used to do, be accustomed to, get accustomed to 都表示习惯于 get强调渐进的过程，be强调习惯了的状态 Eg: We are used to the cold weather here.

You will get used to the cold weather here.你很快会适应这寒冷的天气的。二、【New words and expressions】生词和短语 ★goddess n. 女神

★archaeologist n. 考古学家 ★Aegean adj. 爱琴海的 ★explore v. 考察，勘探

The archaeologists are exploring the cave. exploration n. explorer n.探险家

★promontory n. 海角

★prosperous adj. （经济上）繁荣的，昌盛的 Our finance is prosperous. thriving 昌盛的，兴旺的 booming 蓬勃的，景气的 flourishing 繁茂的，健康的 ★civilization n. 文明

high level of civilization高度文明 civilize v.

★storey n. 楼层 ★drainage n. 排水

★worship n. 崇拜 respect; admire

Who do you worship in th world? warship n. 军舰战船

★sacred adj. 宗教的，神圣的 holy adj. 神圣的，圣洁的 solemn adj. 庄严的，庄重的 sacred music 圣乐

sacred promise 神圣的诺言 ★fragment n. 碎片

★remains n. 遗物，遗迹，废墟

★classical adj. （希腊罗马）古文化的 classical music 古典音乐

classical education 人文科学教育 classic adj. 第一流的

This is a classic example of love at the first sight. classic n. 杰作，经典之作 ★reconstruct v. 修复 re-重新，再次

construct 构造，建造，组织 build house 造建筑物 put up a tent

construct a sentence

construct a broken statuary erect: build high buildings erect monument 建造纪念碑 erect clock tower 建造钟楼 setup; establish; found 建立 Eg: setup students’ union establish a school / rule found a country construction n.

constructive adj. 有教育意义的 constructor n. 建设者 ★rest v. 倚放，放置 ★hip n. 屁股，臀部

[口] 在服用兴奋剂，宗教信仰方面赶时髦的人；消息灵通人士；adj. 通晓的，见闻广的 Eg: Hary is a real hip. 玛丽真是赶时髦 The guy isn’t a hip.这家伙什么都不懂 joined at the hip 表示交情极厚的 Eg: These two are joined at the hip. shoot from the hip 信口开河

Eg: Sorry, I said that I shouldn’t have shot from the hip. ★full-length adj. （裙衣）拖地长的 a full-length dress

★graceful adj. 优雅的 a graceful lady elegant (behavier) ★identity n. 身份三、【课文精析】

an interesting discovery：强调discovery，体现发现这个动作被考古学家做出主动语态难以突出重点 archaeologists made an interesting discovery 英文表达：结果、影响、效果为主语，强调对客观事实的陈述 Key sentence:

An American team explored a temple which… which引导定语从句，修饰限定temple which stands in an ancient city on…

which = that; stand = lie, situate (vt.) locate (vt.)

An American team explored a temple which is located / situated in… An American team explored a temple which lie in… stand表示高高坐落于，矗立于

Eg: She stands 1.75m. / A great tree stands on the mount. Key sentence:

The city at one time must have been prosperous，for it? for引导原因状语从句，对主句的附加说明 because引导原因状语从句，重点突出原因 Eg: The day broke for the birds were singing.

at one time:表达曾经，一度；过去时态的标志， once must have been 对过去事实肯定的推测

enjoyed a high level of civilization. 享有高度文明 with…

Eg: a young man with broad shoulders / an old lady with black hair beautifully decorated 过去分词做定语

a beautifully dressed lady衣着漂亮的女士 / a deserted carpark 废弃的停车场 a white painted door 被粉刷成白色的门

现在分词做定语，被修饰词与修饰词之间为；逻辑主动关系 a boy climbing the tree / the students reading in the room Key sentence:

The city was even equipped with… for… were found… be equipped with 配备，装备

Eg: the car was equipped with air conditioning. for 引导原因状语从句

beneath the narrow streets / under the narrow streets prep. beneath = under 正下方

He is standing under / beneath the umbrella.

under:在进行中，under control 控制之中；under discussion 讨论之中；under repairs 修理之中

below:在下方，强调斜下方

Eg: She is sitting below the window. be used as / be used to be 把?用作为

Eg:The box was used as a desk in the small village school. The wooden box was used as a bookcase. The wooden box is used to contain books. In the most sacred room of…

Each of these represented … been painted. represent vt. 代表

I represent all the classmates.

The body of one statue was found… dating 现在分词，修饰remains the customs dating from 1990 date from 追溯到，从? 开始

The tradition dates from the time when his grandfather was young. The castle dates from the 14th century. The castle dates back to the century. Key sentence:

Its missing head happened to be among remains of… happen to 强调事情的偶然发生

Eg: I happen to have driven that kind of car. 我恰巧开过那种汽车。

He happened to find the ticket in his pocket. 他恰巧在口袋里找到那张票。句式：It happens that??

Eg: It happnes that I met her on my way to work I happened to meet her on my way to work happen on 巧遇，偶然发现,偶遇

Eg: I happend on this old picture in the back of the drawer.

Guess, who I happend on while I was in London last month? reconstruct: put together, piece together, restore

四个形容词:

surprised; astonished; amazed; astounded 感到惊讶的，语气递增 astonished: much surprised

amazed: very much surprised 惊奇 astounded 非常惊讶，尺愕，惊奇 to find… / to discover… / to realize… I’m not surprised to see you here. turn out 表明结果 turn out ( to be) + n./adj.

Eg: Our party turned out (to be) a success the concert turned out to be failure.

It turned out that???? 原来是(表示结果) that 从句，或其他名词从句，it 作形式主语

Eg: It turned out that the diamond had been in the bank all the time. It turned out that his statement was false. as it turns out 人们后来发现

Eg: As it turns out, there was not need to worry.

As it turns out, the report was mistaken. 人们后来发现,这篇报告被弄错了。Key sentence:

She stood three feet high and her hands rested on th hips. rest on = depend on, lean on

His hand rested lightly on my shoulder.

which swept the ground进一步说明拖地的，曳地的 despite / in spite of +n. /动名词 Key sentence:

It is still a problem for the archaeologists up to now. so far,up to now 都是完成时的标志 discover her identity: find out he identity 【New words and expressions】生词和短语 ★manual adj. 体力的 = physical

manual work:体力工作 mental work: 脑力工作 ★collar n. 衣领

white-collar:白领 ( do mental work) blue-collar:蓝领（do manual work） (get) hot under the collar: 怒气冲天 ★sacrifice v. 牺牲，献出 vt. to give up for good purpose

Eg: sacrifice one’s life for the country sacrifice time n.

make many sacrifices ★privilege n. 好处 = advantage

特权（=special right）牺牲掉自己的好处：

sacrifice one’s advantage / rivilege 特许某人做某事：

give sb. the rivilege of doing sth. privileged adj. 荣幸的 ★overalls n. 工作服

男工作服； overall 女工作服 ★secret n. 秘密 adj. keep secret:保密 It’s between you and me. I’ll keep it to myself. confidential : 机密的

in secret:私下里

= secretly, in private, privately I was told about it in secret.

in the secret: 知道内情

He was in the secret from the beginning.

★status n. 地位 = social position s-t-a-t-u-s

s-t-a-t-u-e: 雕像，塑像 ★corporation n. 公司 ★shower n. 淋浴 ★dustman n. 清洁工三、【课文精析】

people who do manual work => blue-collar workers

people who work in offices / do mental work => white-collar workers far more money

far--副词，用来强调语气==much

refer to ? as ==regard ? as 把?看作为 I always refer to him as bookworm (书呆子).

for the simple reason => for 引导的原因状语从句

for the reason that 比because正式，因此多用于正式文体 human nature 人性化 such…that…

that 引导同位语从句，进一步补充说明such的基本内涵 His kindness was such that we will never forget him. => Such was his kindness…

Such is human nature that we want to get a lot of things free. Such用在句首，要倒装

Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers. 介词for表示一种目的

be willing to do sth. == be ready to do sth. 心甘情愿做? give rise to , lead to, cause:引起，惹起 =result in Such conduct might give rise to misunderstandings. The bad conditions have given rise to a lot of crimes. in the case of: 至于，就??而言

Eg: Stealing is no shame in the case of him. in case of: (连) 万一，以防

Eg: You should ensure your house in case of fire. Who引导定语从句

Too embarrassed to say:太尴尬而没有说明 be ashamed of get married

marry v. 如果强调动作：He married the girl? 如果表示状态：get married, be married

如果表明和某人已经结婚多长时间了：be married to sb. The old man has been married to his wife 50 years. Too?to?, 太?而不能

simply adv. 用来修饰限定动词told

dressed in a smart black suit-----形容词短语表示一种状态 Eg: He got to work dressed in a beautiful coat. He left home wearing a smart black suit. Changed into: 换上

Before returning home==Before he returned home

在before 引导的时间状语从句中，return 的逻辑主语和主句的主语he是保持一致的，所以

这个时间状语是由介词before和动名词搭配而成，相当于before 引导的时间状语从句。如果运用动名词形式，动名词的逻辑主语必须是主句的主语。 After getting home, he had a good rest.

Before having dinner, he finished all his homework. She never will = she will never discover the secret 在省略句式中， never要放在助动词之前。 ‘Will you go to see her?’

‘ I will never go to see her.’ / ‘No, I never will.’ half as much as (he used to): 是 ? 的一半

half (a quarter, twice, three times ) as ?as?表示倍数 I won’t marry a man who is twice as old as me. We got three times as many people as we exected. This room is about three times as large as that one. ?as (形容词或副词原形)as? 是 ?几倍

比 ?多几倍：?times (形容词或副词比较级)

This road is four times longer than that one. => This road is five times as long as that one. is well worth the loss of money

What he obtained is well worth the loss of time Well 副词用来加强语气，修饰形容词worth 二、【New words and expressions】生词和短语 ★editor n. 编辑 edit vt. 编辑 edition n.编辑

editorial adj. 编辑的，主编的；n. 社论，评论 ★extreme n. 极端

go to extreme(s) to do 走极端

Eg: He went to extreme to say that the play was the best one.

He went to extremes to say that his girlfriend was the most beautiful in the world. go from one extreme to the other ★statistics n. 统计数字 ★journalist n. 新闻记者 journalist (杂志) 新闻记者 reproter (电视台) 记者

correspondent (电台)记者，通讯员 ★president n. 总统

★palace n.王宫；宏伟的住宅 ★publish v. 出版

Eg: They have already published the magazine. = print vt.

Eg: the book has already been published. The book has gone to press. ★fax n. 传真 sent a fax

★impatient adj. 不耐烦的 patient adj. 有耐心的 patiently adv. 有耐心地 impatient adj. 不耐烦的 impatiently adv. 不耐烦地 patience n. impatience ★fire v. 解雇

He was fired from his job. dismass (正式)

The manager disissed him from his company. sack(俚语) vt. 解雇，辞退

Eg: If you do it wrong again you will be sacked. ★originally adv. 起初，原先，从前 original adj.

三、【课文精析】 go to extremes 走极端

provide = supply 给?，提供（通常与介词搭配连用） provede sb. With sth. / provide sth. for sb. He provided them with a bed for the night. He provided a bed for them for the night.

instruct sb. to do sth ==tell sb. formally to do sth. 正式告诉某人做某事

‘?a journalist had been instructed by a well-known magazine to write an article on the president's palace in a new African republic.’

主动语态：A well-known magazine instructed a journalist to write an article on the president's palace in a new African republic.’

The teacher instructed him to take the examination. on ==about 侧重强调课题专一 A book on radio

When the article arrived = When the editor received the article refuse to publish it

refuse: vt. 拒绝（态度严厉） decline: vt. 婉言谢绝 repudiate: vt. 断然拒绝 which 指代the high wall

instructing—现在分词进一步补充说明fax的情况

set out to do sth.==decide and try to do 决定，打算，着手做=set about doing Eg: He set out to make his first 1,000,000 in 5 years

take sb. a long time to do sth. 某事花了某人很久的时间 It took me five days to write the article. two more faxes = another two faxes

fail to

reluctantly = unwillingly 勉勉强强地，不情愿地 as it had originally been written = in its original way 倒装简述：

not only 位于句首，必须采用倒装形式

The poor man had not only been arrested, but had been sent to prison as well. 1．否定副词位于句首，要倒装。

Never have I read such stories. 我从来没有读过这样的小说。

Nowhere can he find the book he wants. 无论在哪儿他都找不到他想要的那本书。 Hardly did I think it possible. 我并不认为这是可能的。

常用的否定副词：never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, nowhere, no sooner 2．含有only的状语位于句首，句子要倒装

Only then did he realize that he had made a mistake.只有到那个时候，他才认识到自己犯了个错误。

Only when a great deal more information has been obtained will it be possible to plan a trip. 只有获得比较多的信息之后，才有可能计划去旅行。 3．还有not的副词短语位于句首，要倒装。

not for a moment, not in the least , not for an instant, not until

Not in the least is he interested in Englsh literature. 他对英国文学一点都不感兴趣。 Not for an instant did i believe he had lied. 4．含有no的短语位于句首，句子要倒装。

at no time, in no way, in no sence, by no means, in no case, on no account, on no condition , under no circumstances.‘绝不’

Under no circumstances can we accpet the check.无论如何我们不能接受这笔钱。

On no account must you leave the baby in the house.你无论如何也不能把婴儿留在房间里。

5．so,suh位于句首，句子也要倒装。

He had at last been allowed = he had at last been permitted = he had asked for permission

be allowed to do, be permitted to do, asked for permission to do sth. ：请求允许，被允许 in which ----which指代fax

while和现在分词搭配，做时间状语，表示“正在做某事的过程中”，可以用while引导的时间状语从句去替换。

while he was counting… leading to 现在分词，通向

the steps leading to the president’s palace the road leading to the forest

fifteen-foot ----做前置定语，这里的名词必须是单数形式 which指代wall (避免和前面的句式结构相同) 二、【New words and expressions】生词和短语 ★smash-and-grab n. 砸橱窗抢劫

smash vt. break sth. into pieces violently

vi. The dishes smashed on the floor. smash into: 撞击到某处

Eg: The bus smashed into a big tree. grab: seize suddenly

catch: get hold of sth. / sbb. moving

snatch: catch sth. / sb. suddenly and violently seize: 强调抓住、抓到的结果 Fear seized her. grasp: 强调掌握

hold：强调抓牢、抓紧 He is holding an umbrella. ★arcade n. 有拱廊的街道（两旁常设商店） ★Piccadilly n. 皮卡迪利大街 ★jewellery n. 珠宝（总称） ★necklace n. 项链 ★ring n. 戒指

★background n. 背景

on the background of sth. 以什么为背景 background information

a man of excellent background ★velet n. 天鹅绒，丝绒

★headlight n. （汽车等）前灯 ★blare v. 发嘟嘟声，吼叫 ★staff n. 全体工作人员 ★raid n. 偷袭

★scramble v. 爬行

scramble vi. creep quickly climb vt. 爬上 mount: 登上

★★★fantastic adj. 非常大的

fantastic: very great / large a fantastics of money strange wonderful ★ashtray n. 烟灰缸三、【课文精析】

in a famous arcade near Piccadilly介词短语修饰shops Eg: The shoe shop in myneighbourhood was just opening.

Eg: Beijing, our capital, is eveloping enormously (at fantastic speed ). Key sentence:

‘After gazing at the display for several minutes, Mr Taylor went back into his shop.’ 运用ing形式结构，其逻辑主语要和主句的主语保持一致本课的重点句式：with 的复合结构

如果宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上有主谓关系，应该采用动词的ing形式：如果是动宾关系，应该采用过去分词形式作宾补如果表达某事将要展开发生，要用动词不定式to

She sat staring into the distance with tears streaming down her cheeks. She stood ther with her hands resting on her hips. He ran into the room with his face covered with tears. With his homework finished, he felt happy.

He used to sleep with all the windows open. He went out with his hat on.

With the meeting over, we went home. He came in with a knife in his hand.

Two others with black stockings over their faces jumped out. With a lot of work to do, he can’t go to the cinama. 总结：

with 用于句首或句尾，常表示状语、行为方式、原因、伴随状况等；如果跟在名词之后，是用来修饰限定该名词

a thief with atocking over his face a teacher with a book under his arm a room with the windows open

come to 后面常接名词，表示达到

come to a stop, come to an end, come to a decision, come to an agreement, come to an understanding, come to success, come to fame 停车 stop, draw up, pull up

at the barbar’s, at the butcher’s, at the baker’s, at the greengrocer’s. at the grocer’s, at the stationer’s, at the tobacconist’s, at the chemist’s help oneself to:自便 help yourselt to dish

My roommate helped herself to my clothes without asking me.

at a fantastic speed / at a tremendous speed / at a high(full) speed / with great speed hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of jewel数十万美元的珠宝 Word building 前缀构词法

如何运用常见的前缀 dis-

agreeable disagreeable content discontent graceful dis graceful honest dis honest satisfactory dissatisfactory dis还可以加在名词前 agreement disagreement honesty dishonesty ability disability grace disgrace comfort discomfort dis可以加在动词前 agree dis agree appear disappear believe disbelieve

dis-还可表示除去、解除，在名词前加dis-得到动词形式 courage discourage root disroot mask dismask

burden disburden

il-加在以l开头的形容词之前 legal illegal logical illbogical literate illiterate

im-加在以b,m,p开头的形容词之前 possible impossible mortal immotal moral immoral balanced imbalanced

ir-加在以r开头的形容词之前

regular irregular rational irrational

resistible irresistible

in-主要用于其他字母开头的词之前 human inhuman correct incorrect justice injustice sinca\\ere insincere un-只能手于形容词和动词之前不

happy unhappy friendly unfriendly lucky unlucky 无

conditional unconditional limited unlited 非

official unofficial just unjust 未，主要用于过去分词之前

undecided unfinished unexpected unhurt 用于动词之前表示做相反的动作 lock unlock tie untie

cover uncover pack unpack dress undress load unload 二、【New words and expressions】生词和短语 ★mutilate v. 使残缺不全 vt. 经常用于被动语态 1，毁伤，残害。

He was mutilated in the accdient, and now has only one leg. a multlated note 2, 把?搞砸了

You've already mutilated the novel by making such changes.

★chew v. 咀嚼

A lot of people love chewing gums.

Don’t bite off more than one can chew.不要自不量力 chew the fat: 聊天

chewed up：（俚）着急的，担心的

Don't get chewed up / about your examination.

★fiancé n.未婚夫

★microwave n. 微波，微波炉 micro- = tiny, very very small

microswitch, microfilm, microscope, microsecond, microphone, microbiology 反义前缀：macro- = great. large

★oven n. 炉灶

★safekeeping n. 妥善保管 keep sth. safe

Please keep your ID card safe do evil:干坏事 evil doing

make trouble => trouble making

★Newcastle n. 纽卡斯尔（英国港市） ★identify v. 鉴别，识别 identify of sb. or sth.

He can’t identify the person. identity: n.

So far thearcheologists have been unable to discover her identity. identification n.命名，确认

★spokeswoman n. 女发言人

三、【课文精析】

whiter than white====damaged, mutilated.损坏，残缺不全

Fortunately for them luckly / happily for them 固定搭配

team 组织

make a claim 提出索赔

feed sth. to

concern: 涉及到——is about

run a factory, run a company

I have a very good day. I have a good time .

go horse-riding, go fishing, go hunting, go shopping

beautifully-cooked wallet: 用一种讽刺的口吻 turned to turned into become who ----band manager

so long as: on condition that 表假设，只要 pay for:为?付款

We paid 80 dollars for the dictionary. on 强调对21000起索赔要求

pay off 还清，偿还

The couple have already paid their debts off.

pay back

1, 把钱归还回去 pay money back 2, 报仇，报复 pay somebody back 三、【课文精析】

connects / Join Switzerland to Italy / link Switzerland with Italy connect ? with:把?与某事联系在一起

I can’t connect the picture with my friend Mary. Are you connected with the government? be connected with 与?有联系

at 2,473 metres:介词短语修饰全句用于句首表示原因、条件或状态 At the age of 25, he is able.

At one point 65 metres, he is a little short.

限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句最大的区别

非限制性定语从句是对主句或主句中所出现的某个名词的补充说明和解释，去掉对主句影响不大

限制性定语从句是主句当中不可缺少的一部分 Mr Smith was a famous person in American history.

Mr Smith, who died on July 17th at 84, was a famous person in American history. There were very few passengers, who escaped without serious injury. There were very few passengers who escaped without serious injury. The taxi drivers, who knew about the traffic jam, took another road.

The taxi drivers who knew about the traffic jam took another road, and others who didn’t know about the traffic jam still took this heavy road. who引导的非限制性定语从句主要指人做主语指代事物在非限制性定语从句当中只能使用which

He lent me a thousand dollars, which was exactly the sum I needed.

指代时间when, 地点where

He was left on the desert island, where he stayed for as long as therr weeks. found建立 set up establish live----lives

which指代friend dogs

The panda, which was brought from China, was used as a symbol of friendship. Now that：既然

用做时间连接词时，后面通常跟完成式

Now that you have left university, you have to find a job. 用做原因连接词时，后面时态不限。

Now that you won't help me, I must do the job myself.

Now that you are grown-up, you must stop the children behave. whenever, whoever, whatever wherever, whichever , however no matter when / who / what / where / which / how You can telephone me whenever you like.

Whichever day you come, we’ll be pleased to see you. Whenever you go, I’ll follow you.

However busy you are, you nust spare some time to study English. Despite介词——in spite of

rashly 莽撞的 attempt to do sth. -----try to do sth. there + be

There are still a few students studying English in the classroom. in cars ---by car about 到处，周围

Don’t litter waste paper about.

look about, go about, run about, wander about

keep：使某人或某物处于某种状态，经常和介词短语、形容词、分词（现在分词和过去分词）搭配连用，表示一种状态 keep him out, keep him in Do keep the cat in the room.

表示逻辑的主谓关系——现在分词 I’m sorry to keep you wating. 表示逻辑的动宾关系——过去分词 The lamb was kept tight to a tree. quite the opposite 恰恰相反

prefer sth. to sth.

I prefer reading to doing nothing. 二、【New words and expressions】生词和短语 ★fascinate v. 迷住，吸引住

vt. 主系表结构：be fascinated with被?迷住了，被?吸引住了 He is fascinated with chess.

Are you fascinated with English. like, love, be fond of

The boy is fond of football.

be crazy about:着迷 be mad about

He is crazy / mad about music. He is fascinated with music.

fascination n. fascinating adj.

Sweet music is fascinating.

★affectionate adj. 充满情深的，柔情的 Cats are affectionate animals. affectionately adv.

The lady is looking that man affectionately.

affection n.

★mysterious adj. 神秘的，难以理解的 a mysterious plan

a mysterious explanation mystery n. 迷团，神秘感 His death is a mystery.

★submissive adj. 服从的，顺从的 obedient

Are you obedient?

Dogs and horses are submissive, but Cats are never submissive to us. be submissive to sb.

submit v.

Submit oneself to sb. / sth. 屈服于，顺从于 submission n.

★feline adj. 猫的

★independence n. 独立，独立性 independent adj.

You have already grown up, you must be independent.

depend 依靠

You must depend on yourself.

depend, dependence

independence, independent

★high-rise adj. 高层的 ★windowsill n.窗槛 ★paratrooper n. 伞兵 ★squirrel n. 松鼠

★air-resistance n. 空气阻力 ★impact n. 冲击力三、【课文精析】

nver fail to do 双重否定＝＝肯定

If you aks for help in the polite way, you never fail to succeed. If you receive requests like this, you'll never fail to accept. 常用的双重否定结构（加强语气）

1． never fail to, can't fail to, don't fail to , 否定词+fail to（语气较强烈）2．否定的形容词之前加以否定 unreasonable-> not unreasonable Eg: What he said is not unreasonable.

It is quite common (not uncommon ) for us to make mistakes. 3． not + without

Eg: You can't obtain english without working hard. He doesn’t have any meal without meat. 4.no+not

Eg: There is no cat that doesn't like fish. There is nothing that he can't do. There is no rule that has no exception. as well as a result

have learned to:学会了，习惯了

People have learned to expect that trains are punctual.

Children have learned to expect that their parents are very able.

be suspicious of sb. 对什么表示怀疑，存有戒心

One of the things that fascinaes us： that 引导定语从句 that 引导同位语从句

One of the things that fascinaes us most about planes is the popular fact that they are safe and fast.

truth,不可数名词，a good deal of apparently 显然，显而易见 It seems that...

Key sentence:

A cat’s ability to survive falls is based on fact. survive v. fall v.&n.

be based on:基于事实基础之上

base sth. on: 把某事加强在什么基础之上 We base the theory on the fact The theory is based on fact.

make a study of sth:对什么作出研究

in common = the same

fall off 坠落，掉落

die from:死于

死于疾病：die of illness / disease / hunger / thirst,自然的死亡用of 死于非自然原因：die from shock / injures / wound, 用from

there is no shortage

shortage:缺乏 = lack, 与of搭配，shortage / fack of shortage of money led to the failure of the experiments.

suffer from: 遭受什么痛苦

A lot of people in the world are suffering from terrible disease.

behave like = act like

well-trained: 训练很好的，well-decorated:装饰漂亮的 the further cats fall, the less

典型的the more...the more...句型，用定冠词the 修饰形容词或副词的比较级 The harder you study English, the better you an learn it. The more you eat, the fatter you will be.

be likely to do:有可能如何，强调可能性 In cold winter, We are likely to catch a cold.

and more 甚至更多

stretch out 充分伸展

Lesson 10 The loss of the Titanic “泰坦尼克“号的沉没一、【Text】课文

The great ship, Titanic, sailed for New York from Southampton on April 10th, 1912. She was carrying 1316 passengers and a crew of 89l. Even by modern standards, the 46,000 ton Titanic was a colossal ship. At that time, however, she was not only the largest ship that had ever been built, but was regarded as unsinkable, for she had sixteen watertight compartments. Even if two of these were flooded, she would still be able to float. The tragic sinking of this great liner will

always be remembered, for she went down on her first voyage with heavy loss of life.

Four days after setting out, while the Titanic was sailing across the icy waters of the North Atlantic, a huge iceberg was suddenly spotted by a look-out. After the alarm had been given, the great ship turned sharply to avoid a direct collision. The Titanic turned just in time, narrowly missing the immense wall of ice which rose over 100 feet out of the water beside her. Suddenly, there was a slight trembling sound from below, and the captain went down to see what had happened. The noise had been so faint that no one thought that the ship had been damaged. Below, the captain realized to his horror that the Titanic was sinking rapidly, for five of her sixteen watertight compartments had already been flooded! The order to abandon ship was given and hundreds of people plunged into the icy water. As there were not enough life-boats for everybody, 1500 lives were lost. 二、【New words and expressions】生词和短语 ★Southampton n. 南安普敦（英国港市） ★colossal adj. 庞大的

big, large, huge, great, vast, immense, enormous, giant, gigantic, tremendous, titanic colossal: large in size

A ship Titanic was colossal.

a colossal monument; a colossal statue big:大的，重要的

You give me a big surprise. He is a big person. The box is big.

large:体积大，数量大 an empty large box

a large number of people great: 伟大

vast:辽阔，广阔 vast desert

immense: immeasurable 不可测量的 an immense stadium, immense iceberg

enormous 重点突出数量、程度、体积；强调程度时，语意强于big Eg: He made a big success. / He made an enoumous success. giant: 巨大的，高大的

a giant person 巨人； gigantic tremendous: big, fast, powerful

The plane is traveling at tremendous speed. titanic 用于修饰人和物，体积大、力量大 The ship is titanic.

huge:强调体积大 a huge stone 数量巨大 a huge sum of money

★watertight adj. 不漏水的 a watertight ship

watertight 引申为无懈可击的，毫无破绽的 watertight arguments 无懈可击的论点 watertight excuse 毫无破绽的借口

waterproof 防水的；waterproof watch 防水手表 waterproof coat 防水雨衣

★compartment n. （轮船的）密封舱 ★flood v. 充满水 vt. & n.

vt. be filled with water; the ship is flooded. The room was flooded with moonlight. Our classroom was flooded with sunshine.

n. 洪水， in flood 河水泛滥；引申表示连续不断的 During the rains, the river is in flood. in a flood of words 滔滔不绝的

She blamed her husband in a flood of words on seeing him. ★float v. 漂浮，飘浮

drift

★tragic adj. 悲惨的

unfoutunate; a tragic accident

miserable 苦难的 bitter 痛苦的

tragedy n. 悲剧，惨剧 in tragedy 以悲剧形式 The holiday ended in tragedy.

comedy 喜剧 comic 喜剧的，滑稽的 comical 古怪的，可笑的

★liner n. 班船 ★voyage n. 航行 voyage 海上航行 flight 飞行

journey 长途行程

navigation 航海，航海术

The voyage is more than the old lady can bear.

★iceberg n. 冰山 ★lookout n. 瞭望员 ★collision n. 碰撞 collide vi 碰撞，抚触

The plane collided with the mountain crash v. 坠毁

It is said that there is an airplane that crashed in the mountains. conflict vi. 和某事（某人）相抵触 My idea conflicts with yours. clash vi. 相冲突

Eg: His wedding clashed with my examination, so I couldn’t go.

★narrowly adv. 刚刚，勉强地 ★miss v. 避开

★slight adj. 轻微的 ★tremble v. 震颤

tremble v. 有规律的、小幅度的抖动

Look, your hands are trembling, what’s wrong with you? shiver v. 强调由于寒冷、惧怕而一连串地抖动 I found he’s shivering in a cold. shudder vi. 强调全身的颤栗

The boy is shuddering, why? Because he was frightened.

★faint adj. 微弱的 faint: weak

faint sound / weak sound; weak voice / faint voice faint: unconscious 失去知觉 He has been faint for a long time. slight 轻微的，微不足道的 a slight headache; a slight book

★horror n. 恐惧 ★abandon v. 抛弃

abandon 因为某事而被迫放弃自己喜爱的事物 He abandoned his research because of the war. desert 背弃，遗弃

desert the army; desert the duty; desert his family

★plunge v. 投入，跳入

plunge: jump or rush suddenly and wildly He got so angry that he plunge into the water.

When the ship Titanic sank in the ocean, a large number of people plunged into… jump:侧重强调快速地跳

The boy is jumping up and down.

leap: 跳跃 He leapt out of the sleeping bad. dive 跳水、潜水

★lifeboat n. 救生船三、【课文精析】

The great ship, Titanic, sailed for ?背景介绍

sail for 航海去往某处

set out (off) for 出发去往某处 leave for, head for, make for

Eg: He will set out for the Atlantic. The plane is making for the airport. We are heading for Canada.

Even by? by : according to 表示依据 modern standards 现代的标准

by regulation 依据规则 ; by ruies 依据条例 by our estimate 根据我们的估计

by one’s looks / by one’s appearance 根据某人的长相 according to 依据（事实、课文等客观存在的现实） according to the fact 依据事实

according to the text 依据这篇课文

according to / in accordance with in accordance with 更加正式 in accordance with law 依据法律 in accordance with rules at that time 在当时

not only? but (also )? 不仅?而且

be regarded as: be considered to be, be thought of as 把?看作为口语中： regard sb. / sth. as + (n. / pron. / adj. / doing / done) Eg: I regarded his idea as totally unacceptable. We can’t regard the matter as settled.

for 表示原因

be able to 强调有能力

be remembered 被永远记住

go down: sink

on her first voyage 处女航，首航

with heavy loss of life 损失惨重，造成大批人员的死亡 four days after setting out… : four days after setting off… ?spotted…: suddenly discovered by a look out icy waters 水域，海域

to avoid?不定式表目的

just in time 很及时

missing 现在分词做状语，表示对主句的补充说明 narrowly 勉强地

which 指代the immense wall of ice

from below 从下方 from above 从上方

? so faint that no one thought that… so… that…

to one’s horror 使某人感到惊讶

Key sentence:

five of her sixteen watertight compartments had been filled with water.

The order was given 命令被下达 to abandon ship 弃船，不定式做定语

As (because ) there were not enough lifeboats… 1,500 lives died.

the order was given. 命令被下达

to abandon ship 弃船不定式做做定语

ability 能力

the ability to do sth. order sb. to do sth.

be capable of doing sth. 强调有做某事的能力 capability of doing sth. 做某事的能力二、【New words and expressions】生词和短语 ★guilty adj. 犯罪的，违法的

He felt guilty when he did what he shouldn’t have done. He said that with a guilty smile. guilt n. guiltily a.

反义词： innocent, innocence n.

★tolerant adj. 宽容的

a tolerant person must be easy going. tolerantly ad. tolerance n. tolerate vt.

tolerable adj. 可以忍受的，说得过去的

★declare v. 申报

★hardened adj. 有经验的（侧重于老练的） a hardened player a hardened thief

experienced (侧重于有经验的) an experienced teacher

★professional adj. 职业的，专业的 a professional player 选手

★smuggler n. 走私者

★officious adj. 爱管闲事的 a lot of old ladies are officious. officiously adv. officiousness n.

officious civil servant 好管闲事的公务员 an officious police officer

official 官方的，官员的，正式的

An official inquiry will be made into this matter. 对此事将进行一次官方调查

★confidently adj. 自信地

He went to do the work confidently. = with confidence 充满信心的

confident adj. confidence n.

have confidence 有信心 gain confidence 获得信心

in confidence 悄悄的，秘密的 = secretly take sb. into one’s confidence 以某人为心腹 Eg: The boss take his secretary into his confidence.

★dreadful adj. 可怕的，一团糟的 = frightful （表示胆怯的，恐惧的） dreadful (侧重于可怕的，乱七八糟的)

★pounce v. 猛抓，扑住 ★perfume n. 香水

fragrance:（抽象名词）芬芳，芳香

★sarcastically adv. 讽刺地 ★exempt adj. 被免除的 ★duty n. 税

Customs Duty:关税 Stamp duty 印花税 duty free 免税的

同义词 tax income tax 所得税

★gel n. 凝胶

★mixture n. 混合物 mix v. mix sth. with

★unscrew v. 拧开 ★nostril n. 鼻孔 ★chalk n. 粉笔 ★baggage n. 行李同义词 luggage 三、【课文精析】

quite tolerant

我们在运用形容词、动词时，往往需要用副词来强调。表示“真正的” really a really officious person

强调“特别，尤其是” particularly 强调“绝对的” absolutely

强调“完全的，彻底的” completely, entirely, fully, thoroughly fairly----强调“一般般”

very ----语气程度强烈“非常”

rather----语意程度接近fairly, 注意修饰形容词和副词，特别是形容词同时修饰名词时，不定冠词的位置。 A fairly good book.

A rather good book / Rather a good book rather too

quite---- ~ right / wrong / mistaken / sure 绝对不能用very替代。 Even really honest people…

a particularly officious young Customs Officer… the Green Channel = the Custom Office

are made to feel guilty

madk, have, let 及感官性动词see, hear, notice, feel 用于主动语态，符合宾语不定式的to符号应该省略。但这种结构改成被动式时，不定式符号必须还原。 We heard someone come up the stairs. Someone was heard to come up the stairs.

(On the one hand…, ) on the other hand

On the one hand we could stay and help you, but on the other hand it might be better if you went to help him instead.

hidden in his suitcase

过去分词短语作定语，修饰watches.

even if / though he has five hundred gold watches hidden in his suitcase.

looking me in the eye: 两眼直盯盯的注视着我

look sb. in the face, stare sb. in the eye = look directly at sb. Not one of the men dared look him in the eye.

The Officer went through the case with great care. = The Officer examined the case carefully.with great care----强调相当的仔细

in a mess:乱作一团

介词in 和名词搭配，表示一种状态秩序井然： in good order 身体健康： in good health 心情好： in a good mood 脾气好： in a good temper

light up:喜气洋洋，容光焕发

Eg: Masha's face lit up when she saw her old friend. His face lighted up at the small triumph.

Tom really lighted up when he saw the new biccycle. light有两种过去分词，过去式形式：lit, lighted

但是如果运用过去分词作定语，表示被点燃的。要用lighted 一只被点燃的雪茄：a lighted cigar 点燃的火炬： a lighted stick.

介词短语－－with delight “欣喜若狂的”

with和抽象名词搭配，表示内心充满了一种感情自信地： with confidence 细心地： with care 骄傲的： with pride 欣喜若狂的：with delight 惊讶的： with surprise

pounce on:向?猛扑过去，对?大做文章 Eg: The policeman pounced on the thief. Don't pounce on my mistake.

should have 和过去分词搭配，表示本应该做某事却没有做，具有谴责性的味道。 You should have arrived here five minutes earlier. You should have told me about it.

本不应该做某事：shouldn’t have done

exempt:免除的，被免除的 be ~ from Drinks are not exempt from import duty.

as----关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句。他所指代的内容就是主句的整个句子的含义。 As we know, the earth is round. (众所周知) As Brian pointed out, ?（正如?所指出的）正如我很快得知的：as sb. mentioned 关系代词as 和which的区别：

as 所引导的非限制性定语从句，可用在主句之前

which 引导的非限制性定语从句，只能用在主句之后。

副词形式：encouragingly

He was greeted by an unpleasant smell…

greet:问候，向?致意；觉察到, 呈现在?眼前，在?耳边 I woke up and was greeted by a bird’s song. Inside the room adreadful mess greeted us.

When he went into the kitchen, a smell greeted him. 二、【New words and expressions】生词和短语 ★desert island 荒岛 desert : 沙漠 v. 背弃，遗弃 dessert:甜点

★unrealistic adj. 不真实的 ★paradise n. 天堂，乐土

a lot of people imagine the USA as their paradise. heaven: 天堂，天国，也指死亡

★wretched adj. 可怜的，艰苦的 miserable

lead a wretched / miserable / terrible life

★starve v. 挨饿 starve to death

★element n. 成分 ★opportunity n. 机会

golden opportunity 绝佳的机会

opportunity knocks only once 千载难逢的机会

chance 表机会时可以与opportunity 互换，表可能性时则不可 I had chance / opportunity of visiting Paris. There is a chance that I will see him.

The chances are that he will be elected the president.

The chances are that he will past his examination next week. + of, to

He had not opportunity to see her.

★oral n. 珊瑚

★irgin Islands 维尔京群岛

★Miami n. 迈阿密（美国最南的城市） ★dinghy n. 救生筏，小船 ★Caribbean n. 加勒比海 ★spear gun 捕鱼枪 ★lobster n. 龙虾 ★tanker n. 油轮

★genuinely adv. 由衷地

He is genuinely thankful to me. adj. genuine n. genuineness

★Robinson Crusoe 鲁滨逊?克鲁索（小说《鲁滨逊漂流记》主人公）三、【课文精析】

form an unrealistic picture of sth. 对...抱有不切实际的幻想

Key sentence:

A large number of people have formed an unrealistic picture of the job.

imagine sth. to be / imagine sth. as

Some people imagine flying to be more dangerous than traveling by train. A large number people imagin the USA as their paradise.

quite the opposite: 恰恰相反

either…or…

Either you or I am going to the party. 谓语动词和最接近的主语保持一致。

Either coming or go out don’t stand on the doorway.要么进来，要么出去，不要站在门口。

An element of truth: a bit of truth

Optimistic: 乐观的

Pessimistic: 消极的，悲观的

Wish做谓语动词，其后的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气；虚拟语气的结构形式取决于所表达的实际情况：

1.如果表达对现在的遗憾或与现在相反的情况，that从句中的动词要采用过去时，be 动词要用were

I wish you could drive a car.

2.如果表达对过去的遗憾或与过去相反的情况，that从句中的动词要采用过去完成时 I wish I hadn’t spent so much money. I wish that you had written to him.

3. 如果表达与将来事实相反或将来不可能实现的心愿，that从句中要使用would, could等情态动词的过去时

I wish that I could go abroad tomorrow. I wish that you could come here tomorrow.

if only要比 wish 更富有戏剧性和感情色彩 If only the weather would change. I wish the weather would change.

We wish that we knew where to look for him. If only we knew to look for him.

If only we could have gone to the party. If only you hadn’t said that.

If only you would come here tomorrow.

Have sth. Repaired

load with 把?装载到?上

Eg: The workers are loading the truck with goods. Unload: 卸

hardly any: very little / few

Eg: Hardly anybody likes him becaues he is so rude. You hardly eat anything, what's wrong? prove to be===turn out to be put: express

If only we could have stayed on the desert island a little bit longer. 二、【New words and expressions】生词和短语 ◆costume n. 化装服 costume ball 化妆舞会 costume party

fancy (dress ) party suit 西服，西装 dress 裙子

◆consist v. 由...组成

consist of--由?组成（表示被动概念）==be made up of ==comprise ==be composed of (强调由什么成分所构成)

Eg: Our class consist of 100 students.

The United Kingdom consists of G.B. and Northern Ireland. The house consists of six rooms. be composed of----

Water is composed of oxygen and hydrogen. constitute v.----由部分构成整体

The committee consists of 10 members. = Ten members constitute the committee.

◆sheet n. 被单

◆effective adj. 有明显效果的，有作用的 The costume is quite effective. His words was effective.

influential: 有潜移默化影响力的

What our parents do is influential to children. efficacious: （医药）有效的，灵验的 The drug is efficacious. fruitful: 有成效的

Their experiment is fruitful.

◆comfortable adj. 舒适的反义词：uncomfortable comfort n. 舒适 adj. 安慰 discomfort n. 不舒适

In spite of discomforts he is determined to stay here.

◆streroom n. 储藏室 ◆electricity n. 电 ◆metre n. 电表 ◆pace n.一步

◆flee (fled, fled ) v. 逃走

fleevt.)(vi.)(总称)泛泛强调逃离危险的境地

Eg: The people fled in panic when the bull got loose. escape:逃出监狱，逃出牢笼 vt. 逃掉，逃出

Eg: He was able to escape from the house.

I am sorry your name escaped me. 很抱歉，我忘记你的名字了。 They tried to escape death.

◆slam v. 砰地关上 slam the door. 同义词：bang 三、【课文精析】

too?to?太? 而不能

不定式to,在大部分情况下，表示否定概念。

not / never too ? to ?：并不太? 所以能够 One is never too old to learn.活到老，学到老 The question is not too difficult for me to answer.

如果在副词 too 前发现修饰语 all, but only, 不定式to 的概念也是肯定的

Eg: They are all too satisfied to work with you. 他们都非常满意很想和你一起工作 I am only too glad to have someone to speak to.我太高兴了，很想找个人说话 He was but too eager to get home.他太急于要回家了。

intended to = mean to :有什么打算，意图

dress up as: 化妆成为

the night before:前一个晚上（以过去的某一个时间为基准点） last night:昨天晚上（以现在为基准点） The night before she got everythinbg ready.

She was impatient (eager, anxious ) to try it on. be impatient to do sth: 急于要做某事，迫不及待

= eager, anxious, hungry, thirsty, despereat, can’t wait (口)

更焦急的情况用desperate( be desperate to do sth),口语中用can't wait.(can't wait to do sth)

try on: 试穿

After putting it on: 穿上以后

动词不定式to wear, 用来修饰说明comfortable, 作它的状语 The book is difficult to read. The dress is easy to wash.

Your handwriting is easy to recognize. it would be comfortable (for her ) to wear. It is easy for me to read

主动形式————表达被动概念 The music is sweet to hear. The machine needs repairing

“需要??” 被动概念，用need,want和动名词形式直接搭配 Eg: The dictionary is worth buying. The book is worth reading.

The house is under construction The puma is under control.

The problem is under discussion. The thief is under arrest.

介词under可以表达被动的意味 Eg: The airport came into use again. came into use:不及物动词短语

Our time has already gone to waste. （浪费掉，付诸东流） She is a respectable person. (被尊敬的人)

-able 形容词后缀，跟在动词后表达“能够被?的“ This is a returmable bottle. “由?所组成”：consist of, comprise 本身表达被动概念，结构形式为主动。 there was a knock on the front door: 人有敲门

come in:进来

straight:直接地，径直地

if ever---ever用语条件句，表示任何时候，任何场合==when ever Eg: If ever you see George give him my best regards. When ever he is in trouble I'll be on the spot.

Not wanting----分词的否定结构形式，做原因状语。多用于句首，也可插入句中，主谓之间。 Eg: Not wanting to make her nervous, the doctor didn’t fully explain the seriousness of her condition.

= The doctor, not wanting to make her nervous, didn’t fully explain the seriousness of her condition.

read the metre: 查电表

saying---现在分词做伴随状语

let out a cry 大叫了一声===utter / give a cry. let out 发出==give

shout 高呼，高喊，有目的的 shout to sb 对某人高声喊 shout at sb 对某人大喊大叫二、【New words and expressions】生词和短语 ★gangster n. 歹徒，强盗 a band of gangsters 一伙强盗 robber 抢劫犯，抢劫者； bandit 强盗,土匪

brigand (书面用语) 强盗，土匪，盗贼，草寇 hooligan 流氓，不良分子 hoodlum (口语)罪犯，恶汉 rascal (口语)淘气，捣蛋鬼

★Chicago n. 芝加哥（美国城市） ★protection n. 保护 protection money 保护费 protect v. protect from

We must protect our eyes from the sunshine. protective adj. 保护的 protector n.保护者 protege n. 被保护者

★promptly adv. 准时地

I give him a ring and he call me back promptly. He was so sleepy that he went to sleep promptly.

on time准时/ in time及时 punctually adv. 守时地 ★destroy v. 毁掉；消灭

destroy 强调毁灭，消灭，完全的摧毁

Eg: The earthquake destroyed the city. / You destroyed his dream. damage 强受损程度不很严重，可以被修复 break 强调弄坏，弄断

Two of the strings were broken. spoil 强调把事情搅和了

Eg: spoil the party. / spoil the holiday

★remarkable adj. 不寻常的

remarkable adj. : unusual; uncomon; extraordinary a remarkable event 不同寻常的事件 an extraordinary event

outstanding adj. 突出的，杰出的，卓越的 Eg: Our headmaster is an outstanding youth.

distinguished adj. 杰出的，卓越的，不同非凡的 eminent adj. 显赫的，杰出的，有名的，优良的

Eg:a distinguished physicist; an eminent surgeon; an eminent judge; a distinguished lawyer 以上都可以用来修饰那些在严肃领域的人，比如科学，医学等等 well-know adj. 强调众所周知的

famous adj. 因卓越的贡献和成绩而流芳百世的

Eg: She is well-known in the musical world. / This is well-known fact. He is a famous moviestar. / Luxun is famous for his articles.

notorious adj. 臭名昭著的，臭名远扬的； be famous for bad things infarmous adj. 声名狼藉的(语气较弱)

rnowned adj. 某人或某事以其独特的品质、个性而闻名 Eg: Hangzhou is renowned for its beautiful...

★band n. 帮，团伙

a band of robbers 一伙强盗

mob n. 表示贬义色彩的团伙、帮派 a mob of hooligans 一伙流氓 gang n. 一伙 a gang of thieves nest n. 窝； a nest of bandits

pack n. 团伙、帮派； a pack of hoodlums

★Florence n. 佛罗伦萨（意大利城市） ★city-state n. （古代）城邦 ★hire v. 租出，雇给 hire; rent; let; employ hire out; rent out 租给

Eg: Does this firm hire out cars? 这家公司出租汽车吗？ rent out租给，雇给：主要强调出租房屋 Eg: He rent out his house to a tourist.

let 出租房屋: let his house / please let your house to me。 hire from/ rent from 租进来

Eg: He hired a car from us. / I rent a room form Mrs. Johnson. hire 指短期雇佣体力劳动者

employ 指长期雇佣或聘请脑力劳动者 We employed her as our advisor. The factory employed 500 workers.

He hired two helpers. 他雇佣了两个临时帮手。

★prince n. 君主，诸侯 ★Florentine n. 佛罗伦萨人 ★funeral n. 葬礼

★dedicate v. 奉献，题献给

dedicate to 奉献给?? 比devote 更为正式而庄重 Eg:He dedicated his first book to his mother. I devote my time to helping my students. He dedicates his life to his motherland. He dedicated his life to science.

put sb of business使某人失业

put sb/sth out of ??使某人失去?? Eg: You are putting me out of patience.

put it out of your mind 忘记这件事情吧!= forget it.

★valiant adj. 英勇的 brave adj. 勇敢的

The boy is brave.

During war, soldiers are valiant.

fearless adj. 大无畏的，无所畏惧的 We are fearless in time of danger.

courageous adj. 有胆量的，有勇气的

★memory n. 纪念

You have a good memory.

in memory of / to the memory of

Eg: if my memory serves me well, you’re Tom.如果我没记错的话，你是Tom。三、【课文精析】

pay large sums of money to sb. 向某人付大笔大笔的费用

in return for 目的是为了换取...作为对...的回报 Eg: He gave me some books in return for my help.

when引导状语从句修饰 time

Eg: There was a time when mini skirt was in fashion.

promptly: innediately

put a man out out of business: 使某人失业 put sb. / sth. out of ... 使某人失去...... Eg: You are putting me out of patience.

You have already put everything out of order.

put it out of your mind 忘记这件事情吧

Obtaining...

obtaining: getting

as long ago as 追溯回到：dating back to / date from Eg.: I knew Jane as long ago as the year 1980.

Key sentence:

John hawkwood’s discovery was quite remarkable. make the remarkable discovery 做出不同寻常的发现

would rather do sth than do sth 宁愿而不 Eg.: He would rather die than surrender. I would rather play tennis than swim.

==would prefer to do……than do ==would prefer doing……to doing

Eg.: He would prefer to die than surrender. He would prefer dying to surrendering.

would rather: sooner + that从句 (过去式)

Eg: I would rather that you were not here. 我宁愿你不在这儿。 Eg: I would rather that I didn't see you. 我宁愿没见到你。 life work 毕生的事业

Eg.: I want to have the tree cut down.

Six hundred years ago...

a band of?? 一伙????

settled near Florence 定居在Florence附近

make a name for himself ===become famous

Eg.: They soon made quite a name for themselves as pop singers.

come to / get to 渐渐的

come to be known 渐渐的被人所熟知 Eg.: I come to be known to my students. I got to know him.

whenever 无论什么时候

at war 交战 at war with 与??交战

hire 表示出租 who指代 prince

he demanded: Hawkwood demanded

in times of peace 在和平期间 in times of??在??期间

march into 大踏步行军

would offer to do=== would promise to do burn down烧毁/ burn up烧光 / burn out 烧空 Eg.: the house was burned out only...

in spite of this 尽管如此

give sb. a state funeral 给某人举行国葬二、【New words and expressions】生词和短语 ◆appreciate v. 欣赏，感激

Eg.: The poem is too difficult for me to appreciate. I appreciate your help. = be thankful / grateful to sb.

◆pocket money 零用钱

beer money: 留给丈夫的零花钱

mad money: 妇子留作应急之用的私房钱 green money: 美金

soft / folding money: 纸币，钞票 hard money: 硬币

◆rattle v. 格格作响 ◆thrifty adj. 节俭的同义词：economical

◆nephew n. 侄子，外甥 ◆bounce v. 弹起，跳起 The coin was bounced.

同义词：jump (跳跃)， leap (跃)， hop (单足跳)，过)

◆pavement n. 人行道

◆stick ( stuck, stuck ) v. 卡住，夹住，不能再动 stick:不能跳跃，卡住；坚持，粘贴 Eg.: You must stick to your idea. Stick the stamp on the envelop.

stick with:忠实于...... （=be faithful to ） His arm was stuck. 他的胳膊被卡住了。

spring (弹跳；n. 弹簧)，skip (跳跃；略31

◆brigade n. 旅，（消防）队 fire brigade: 消防队 = fire department = fire station

◆grease n. 润滑油三、【课文精析】

Key sentence:

Children always appreciate small gifts of money. 孩子们总是喜欢得到些零花钱。 Key sentence:

Husbands always appreciate small gifts of beer money.

provide a regular supply of ?定期地提供??

provide sth. for sb./ provide sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物品

a source of extra income small gifts of money pocket money extra income

go a long way 可以买很多东西，维持很久 Eg: The money we have will go a long way. go a long way towards: 对??大有帮助

Eg: This will go a long way towards overcoming the difficulty.

With frugal housewives, they made their small income go a long way. 介词With和For的区别：“对于??来说”

介词for----“关于，对于??来说，考虑到??的事实” Eg.: The weather is quite warm for November. For him, this will be an entirely new hobby. 介词with----“在某一方面”（多用于二者的比较）

Eg.: With some people, pleasure is more important than work. Some people may accept that excuse, but it won’t work with me.

pence: 便士（penny 便士的复数；pennies） a fifty pence: 一个五十便士的硬币 a fifty penies: 五十个一便士的硬币

rattle: 叮当作响 ==tinkle

roar:呼啸（重点突出老虎、狮子等大动物的鸣叫声） shout at: 大喊大叫 = bark at

he is grunting. 咕哝的，哼哼唧唧的 slam: 砰的一声

fill up: 装满

1．up ----表示方向

to----目的地、说话者所在处 up to ----表示到达目的地 towards----表示朝某个方向

2．表示沿着，走向更远的地方，侧重强调距离更远了 They walked up the street.

The children run up the garden path to greet their father. 3. 系列动词 + up ---- 表示消费，摧毁，彻底，光，用完 Drink up your whisky. Eat up your vegetable. Finish it up. burn up

use up 用光

4．表示积存，从少到多，积少成多

We must lay up some boiled food for the winter. = store up, hold up, gather up

5．表示从河的上游到下游，河流入口处以上到源头的某一点 They are sailing up the Thames. The house is up the river.

6．动词 + up ----表示包起来、封住、盖住 button up 扣上钮扣 wrap up 包裹起来

lock up 锁上 lock the house up fasten up 栓起来 save up 赚钱 wash up 洗碗盆

do up 包扎，包装，系好

fifty pence is a small price = fifty pence is not much: 装满 fifty pence is not much to pay

a small price = not much money: 并不是很多

For him, two thousand dollars is a small price to pay for it.

For me, five haudred yuan is not a small price to pay for a bicycle.

find their way there = reach 抵达，到达，找到自己的去处 Rivers find their way to the sea.

How did such a foolish statement find its way into print. 这样愚蠢的话怎么会印出来呢。 All my books have already found their way there.

advise: 建议

advise sb. to do sth. : 说服某人做某事（失败的结果） persuade sb. to do sth.: 说服某人做某事（成功的结果）

instead：相反的是

fifty pence worth of trouble: 五十便士的麻烦

系列的动词构成平行结构：take off, rolled up, push roll vi. 滚动； vt. 滚动

vi. The pencil rolled under the table. vt. He rolled the ball towards the puppy. roll up:卷起，挽起

We will need to roll up the carpet.

what引导的插入语

what is more important 更重要的是 what is worse 更糟糕的是 what is more 甚者

what is rare 更罕见的是

Eg.: He went to the meeting, and what was worse, insist on speaking.

gather round 聚在周围

rubbed his arm with sth. ... 用......涂抹

firmly:坚定的，稳固的（加强语气）

using----现在分词做状语，强调一种方式

reward ... with: 用...来奖赏某人

Lesson 16 Mary had a little lamb 玛丽有一头小羔羊二、【New words and expressions】生词和短语 ★prize adj. 珍贵的，宝贵的

可以表示“珍贵的，宝贵的”的词包括：prize，valuable，preclous, cherishable，dear Eg.: Mary has got a prize lamb. The cat is prize to the old lady.

★tie v. 拴，系 tie sth to

1．把?拴在?上

Eg: I tie the dog to a tree 2．与?有联系

Eg: He is tied to his family

3．n. 领带；关系（强调血缘关系）

★theft n. 偷盗行为，偷盗案

Eg.: He reports the theft to the police.

★accuse v. 指控

accuse sb of doing sth 因为某事指控某人,指控某人做了某事 Eg.: He acciused his neighbour of stealing his bicycle. ＝charge sb with doing sth

accuse比charge语意弱：accuse强调“严厉的指责” charge强调“控告”

★deny v. 否认

deny doing sth. 否认做了某事 He denied stealing the lamb. He denied the truth.

deny sb. nothing百依百顺 Eg: He denies his wife nothing deny oneself:克制自己

Eg: On some occasions we must deny ourselves.

★ashamed adj. 感到羞耻，惭愧 be ashamed of

He is ashamed of being a dustman. shameful: 可耻的 The theft is shameful. shameless:无耻的

The thief is a shameless person.

★apologize v. 道歉 apologize to sb. (for sth. ) apology n.

★dye v. 染

Dye the cloth black. 三、【课文精析】

in the tiny village of...在一个小小的山村 in the big city of Beijing in the beautiful city of Paris

possession: 所有物

Eg: What I possess is valuable/ My possessions are valuable. 我所拥有的一切都很值钱。 belonging: 随身携带物（通常是用复数形式）

keep:使......处于某种状态

keep后的复合宾语（宾语补足语）可以是形容词、介词短语、分词

keep和过去分词搭配做宾语补足语，过去分词和宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。 I keep my windows closed.

宾语补足语和宾语是主谓关系，那么宾语补足语是现在分词结构 I kept the boy standing outside.

It is obvious that?显而易见

set out to do sth. 开始着手做某事

it would not prove difficult, 是不难做到的

prove 是连系动词，作“证明是”讲，本句子与 it would not be difficult相同。

tell sb. about sth. 把某事告知某人

Eg.: He told the police about the theft.

or: 否则

Eg.: He can’t be ill or he wouldn’t have come. or else: (口语) 否则??

Eg: Your room is so dirty. Clear it promptly, or else….

It is true that..., but... 诚然......, 但是......

Eg.: It is true that the work is hard, but we’ll finish it ahead.

Ashamed of having acted so rashly, ... 其前省略了being, 现在分词结构（形容词结构）做状语，此处相当于原因状语，放在主句前后均可。 Angry at everybody here, he left suddenly.

Anxious for a quick decision, he called his friends. Nervous, the man opened the letter. 二、【New words and expressions】生词和短语 ★suspension n. 悬，吊 suspension bridge 吊桥 suspend: 悬挂

Eg.: The light is suspended from the ceiling. 暂停

Eg.: The train was suspended because of the heavy rain. suspense: n. 担心，挂念，悬念

Eg.: The wonderful film give me a deep impression because of its suspense. He didn’t tell us the truth in cap to me in suspense all day. suspenders 吊袜带

★agreeable adj. 宜人的 Today is agreeable. agreeable situation

His house is in a agreeable situation.

★situation n. 地点，地方 location situate v. locate v.

Beijing is located in the North of China. Japan is located to the East of China. is located to...

★locate v. 位于

★immortal adj. 永生的，流芳百世的 ★Brooklyn n. 布鲁克林（纽约一区名） ★Staten n. 斯塔顿（岛） ★span n. 跨度 ★cable n 缆索

★concrete n. 混泥土 ★suspend v. 悬挂 ★length n. 根，段 ★estimate v. 估计 underestimate 低估 overestimate 高估

Eg.: At a rough estimate, the car is worth 500 thousand RMB. estimation n. 判断 in my estimation

★immensity n. 巨大 ★capacity n. 承受量

Are you clear about the capacity of the cinema? 做某事的能力

have a capacity for doing sth. have a capacity to do ability成功地做到了

We have ability to finish the work in two days. capability内在的潜力 have capability to do have capability of doing

Any chile has capability of learning a foreign launguge well. Any chile has capability to learn a foreign launguge well. faculty 侧重于“主观的能力” the faculty of seeing the faculty of hearing

competence 胜任工作的能力、资格 I have competence for the job.

★elegant adj. 优美别致的 The lady is elegant.

graceful: 强调一个人的体型

elegant: 还表示人的举止很得体，大方 delicate: 精致的

★faintly adv. 微细地三、【课文精析】

sailed into.. ----句子的主干 about whom----Italian

describe sth. as 把......描绘成......，认为 ......

常见的动词有：see, view, look upon, recoginze, regard, treat, accept Eg.: I should describe the attempt as a failure. His mother regards him as genius. I accept his words as true.

located within two small hills in the midst of which flowed a great river 位于两座小山之间，一条大河滔滔流过。

located... 是过去分词短语作定语，修饰 situation; in the midst of which 引导一个定语从句，which指two small hills。句子结构要倒装（flowed 在a great river之前）

in the midst of, 在......之中。

in the midst of two small hills flowed a great river A great river flowed in the middle of the two hills. in the middle of the night == at midnight in the middle of the winter in the middle of the summer

I like the village located within two small hills.

Eg.: 我们来到了一个农庄，在这个农庄的前面有一座大山。

We arrived at a farm house. in front of which is a mountain. 动词位于主语之前 though / although / even though 引导让步状语从句

用了though, although 不能使用but, yet可以用——强调转折关系。

by no means 决不，绝对不（加强语气）

E.: It is by no means pleasant to take a crowded bus.乘坐一辆拥挤的公交车无论如何不是一件令人高兴的事。 not by any means not at all

He isn’t satisfied with a job at all. in no way in no case in no sense

in no circumstances

remain immortal

be named after be named for

take one’s name from

a span of: 跨度，桥长

take into account / take into consideration / take account of 考虑到 Eg.: We have to take the date into account when we have the meeting.

support : hold up 支撑

extend 延伸，伸展

a railway extends to the next city extend to a depth of 深度 extend to a length of 长度 extend to a width of 宽度 rise to 上升的高度

which指代先行词 cables

It has been estimated / expected that?据估计 It is said It is reported

It has been estimated / expected

be packed with... 作“挤满......; 装满 ......”解 were 虚拟语气 carry 承载

a third 三分之一 immensity----size despite==in spite of

fulfilling: 分词做状语表结果

The bus was held up by the snowstorm, causing the delay. her husband died in1970, leaving her with two children.

At last he passed his examination, fulfilling his dream to go abroad. 他终于通过了这次考试，实现了出国的梦想（现在分词做结果状语，表示一种主动的概念。）二、【New words and expressions】生词和短语 ★current n. 电流

current n. the flow of electricity 电流

a continuous movement of water 水流 adj. 目前的，现在的； current affairs 时事 currency n. 流通（货币）

currently adv. 普遍地，通常地，现在，当前

★sculpture n. 雕塑

sculptural adj. 雕刻的，雕刻般的 sculptor n. 雕刻家

★mistaken adj. 错误的

mistaken adj. incorrect; wrong; misunderstood

Eg.: The teacher has mistaken opinion of his pupil. He doesn’t use simple plain language and he is often mistaken.

make a mistake / by mistake 弄错了 He took my umbrella by mistake. and no mistake 确实如此(口语) Eg: He is honest and no mistake. mistake vt.

mistake sb. for 把某人误认为

Eg.: Yesterday, I mistook him for my classmate.

★gallery n. 美术馆

★exhibit n. 展品，陈列品 exhibit: show in public exhibition n. 展览会

Eg.: Yesterday we went to an exhibition to visit exhibits.

★oddly adv. 古怪的 oddly: strangely odd adj. 古怪的

strange adj. 因为陌生而奇怪的 queer adj.奇特的

Eg.: Look, he is wearing a queer hat. fantastic adj.奇妙的

eccentric adj.怪癖的；He is an eccentric person.

★attach v. 连，系

attach vt. 系，拴，粘上，贴上 attach to

Eg.; he attached the lamb to a tree.

attach to sb. for sth. 因为某事而把......加在某人身上 Eg.: We didn’t attach blame to him for his failure. attach importance to sth. 对某事非常重视 Eg.: We attach importance to education. be attached to sth. 喜欢，喜爱 Eg.: I’m very attached to her.

attachment n. 固定，爱慕，友情，附着

★sphere n. 球体

★magnetize v. 使磁化

magnetized vt.

Eg.: The iron was magnetized.

He speech magnetized the listeners.

★repel v. 排斥

repel vt.: to drive back; cause feelings of dislike

Eg.: the different sexes attract each other and the same sexes repel on the contrary. Let me go at once, you repel me. 让我走，你真让我恶心。

★flicker v. 闪烁 ★flash v. 闪光

flicker v. shine unsteadily flash v. shine for a moment

★emit v.放射 emit v. give off

emit sound / emit smell / emit light / emit heat / emit smoke

★prehistoric adj. 史前的，老掉牙的 peculiar adj. strange and unusual Eg.: The food has peculiar taste. I’m feeling rather peculiar.

★electronic adj. 电子的 ◆peculiar adj. 奇异的

peculiar adj. stange and unusual Eg.: The food has peculiar taste. I’m feeling rather peculiar.

◆shock v.令人震惊，刺激人 get shocked 受震动

At the news, he got shocked. shock n. 震惊；get a big shock

◆emotionally adv. 感情上

emotional adj. 易激动的，情绪的，感情脆弱的

Eg.: I think you agree with me, women are often said to be more emotional than men. 反义词 unemotional emotion: n. 感情：

Eg.: love,hatred, and grief are emotions. feeling n. 某时的内心感受

Eg. : I can’t describe my feeling now. emotive adj.引起情绪反应的

The word home is more emotive than house.

emotionally; emotional; unemotional; emotive; emotion; feeling 三、【课文精析】 rarely: seldom

Key sentence:

We are not surprised at moden sculpture...

that引导同位语从句，修饰限定the idea的内容。

Eg. : The idea that one can learn English well in English-speaking countryes is mistaken. 重点句式结构

who take no interest in art 修饰说明 people take interest in 对......感兴趣 take delight in 对......感到高兴 take pride in 对...... 感到骄傲 show interest in 显示对......的兴趣

cannot; failed to 双重否定意味着肯定；加强语气 he must have passed his examination last week.

He cannot have failed to pass hsi examination last week.

You must keep your promise.

You can’t fail to keep your promise.

On display / on show

We can see sculptures everywhere.

in spite of this 尽管如此 Key sentence:

The first thing I saw when I entered the art gallery was a notice which said: The first thing... was a notice which said...

Key sentence:

Oddly shaped forms that are suspended from the ceiling and move in response to a gust of wind are quite familiar to everybody. Oddly...that...

that 引导的定语从句用来限定shaped forms are ...familiar to...谓语

句子主干：Oddly shaped forms are familiar to everybody

that 定语从句中：in response to / in reaction to 作为对......的反应

be familiar to sb. 对某人来说很熟悉 Eg.: The house is familiar to him.

I don’t really remember where I have seen him before, but he looks very familiar to me.

be familiar with 熟悉，熟知

Eg.: Are you familiar with the play of Shakespeare? I ‘m familiar with that book too.

be familiar to sb. / be familiar with sth.

lined up 过去分词做状语，与 long thin wires 为被动关系

attached to metak spheres 过去分词做定语，修饰long thin wires

定语从句

there were long thin wires that were attached to metal spheres.

ther center of the hall 展厅的中央 coloured lights 彩色灯泡

continuously adv. 不停止的

ga mad 发疯，发狂 run mad

Eg. : he must have gone mad to do such a thing.

on and off: continuously

Eg: It has been raining on and off since noon.

It was rather like===It was more like 看起来更像

Key sentence:

...not only seemed designed to do sth.

not only... but ... as well

seem 系动词+名词/形容词/分词二、【New words and expressions】生词和短语 ★dear adj. 亲爱的，珍贵的；昂贵的 I can’t afford the car because it’s too dear. The cat is dear to me.

cost sb dear 花了某人很多钱

★kidnapper n. 绑架者，拐骗者 kidnap 绑架

★★★considerable adj. 相当大的 a considerable business 大规模企业 He has got a considerable success. considerably adv.

It’s considerably colder today than yesterday. considerate adj. 体贴的

be considerate to sb 对某人很体贴入微 Are you considerate you wife? considered 经过考虑的

It’s my considered opinion. 这是我经过考虑的看法。 all things considered 就各方面而言

Eg: All things considered, he finished the work well. considering prep & conj. & adv.

Eg.: Considering his age, the little boy reads very well.

considering (that ) considering adv.

He studies English well, considering.

★wealthy adj. 富的，有钱的 ★orderly adj. 有规律的 ★disappearance n. 失踪 ★anonymous adj. 匿名的 ★ransom n. 赎金 pay ransom to sb.

The old lady paid a ransom of one thousand pounds to the kidnapper. hold sb to ransom 绑票（索取赎金）

They kidnapped the boy and held him to rensom.

★cardboard n. 硬纸板

★withdraw (withdrew, withdrawn ) v. （从银行）取钱 ★punctually adv. 准时地 not early nor late punctual adj. punctuality n.

★astound v. 使吃惊

语意程度比surprise要强得多

吃惊程度 astoud>amaze>astonish>surprise He was astounded to hear of her death.

They were amazed to find the lazy girl came very early.

surprising----> surprised 三、【课文精析】

seldom take interest in

take great interest in

share sth. with sb.

I share the room with my friend.

for a long time

disciplined regular

take a short walk go for a stroll

however

look for find

after可以和名词搭配 Three days after~ arrival state;非常正式的声明

instruct: order

be instructed to do sth.

The journalist was instructed to obtain...

fearing 现在分词做原因状语

make it clear to sb that

The teacher has made it clear to us that we must read English aloud every day.

keep his promise

word 表示诺言时，要采用单数形式

keep his word break his word give sb. one’s word

as good as one's word 表示守信用，侧重点在于强调一个结果 go back on one's word 食言

sure enough 果然，无疑

I said would happen, and sure enough it did happen.

half a bottle of milk

in more ways than one ( way ) in many ways

双重意义：dear price 昂贵； expensive 珍贵

The comma 逗号的用法

三个或三个以上的词、短语或句子只用一个并列连接词来连接，他们之间就要用逗号，并列连接词前也要用逗号。

插入语或同位语前后必须用逗号分开

状语从句位于句首时也要用逗号和主句分隔开来，放在句尾则不需要

非限制性定语从句必须用逗号分开

语次转变词也应该用逗号将其和句子其他成分分开

介词短语和分词短语位于句首时也必须加逗号加以分隔二、【New words and expressions】生词和短语 ★pioneer n. 先驱 young pioneer

同义词 advocate 倡导者 pioneer adult education

★lord n. 对（英国）贵族的尊称；勋爵 lordless 无郡主的 lordship

lordly 昂迈的 duke 公爵 marquis 侯爵 earl 伯爵 viscount 子爵 baron 男爵

★Calais n. 加来（法国港市） ★overland adj. 陆上的 overnight 一夜之间的 overpopulated 人口众多的 overseas 海外的

over + 动词表示超过 Eg: overeat, 吃多了 oversleep 睡过头了 overwork 工作过量

overcharge 索要价钱过高 overestimate 过高估计三、【课文精析】

Key sentence:

In 1908 Lord Northcliffe offered a prize of &1000 to the first man who would fly across the English Channel.

the first man to fly across...

序数词和动词不定式to搭配连用中以代替其后的定语从句 She was the only one to survive the plane crash.

如果before所引导的时间状语从句之前出现段时间，则最佳翻译方法：才。。。

offer a prize of sth(奖励) to sb 给予某人??奖励

Eg: He offered a prize of 1,000 to the first man who fly cross the English Channel.

attempt in one's attempt

Eg: She failed in her attempt to swim the tunnel. make an attempt on 尝试，试图 make an attempt to do 尝试，试图 make no attept 没有??企图，尝试

at that moment failed: break down fail 失败，忽视

She failed to win the prize.

be forced to do 被迫做??

pick up

with a plane: with 具有、带有

had been making planes

Key sentence:

A week before, he had completed a successful overland flight during which he covered twenty-six miles.

during which----during flight

It looked as if：似乎，看起来

It looked as if there would be a heavy storm.

make a short test flight make another attempt

介词和关系代词搭配连用，当定语从句的关系代词是介词的宾语时，能够把可移位的介词提前放在关系代词的前面。（正式）

在非正式问题和口语当中，介词一般要放在从句的末尾

定语从句中介词位置

决定介词位置的4个因素:

1．如果是口语，介词位于句尾，同时关系代词可以省略。 2．非正式问题，介词位于从句句尾。

3．有些动词+ 介词，合成词组被看成是不可分割的语言单位，这个时候介词必须紧跟动词，不可移动

take after account for

4．在很多情况下，介词和关系代词构成独立的介词短语，在句中起状语作用，与从句的谓语动词毫无关系，而不是谓语动词的一部分，这时介词始终位于关系代词之前 Eg: He described it as a very agreeable situation located within two small hills In the midst of two small hills, flowed a great river.

Eg: He described it as a very agreeable situation located within two small hills in the midst of which flowed a great river.(in the midst of跟后面的谓语动词flow没有任何关系)

Mrs. Ramsay received an anonymous letter in which the writer stated that Rastus was in safe hands. 二、【New words and expressions】生词和短语 ■boxing n. 拳击 ■boxer n. 拳击手 ■bare adj. 赤裸的 bare uncovered bare (部分的)赤裸 bare fist 赤手空拳 bare foot 光着脚的 bare handed 光着手的 bare legged 光着腿的 naked 全裸

He’s walking in bare feet. He is naked.

nude adj. 光秃秃的； n. 裸体（雕象，油画） a nude hillside 光秃秃的山坡

■prizefighter n. 职业拳击手（尤指古时赤手拳击手） ■crude adj. 粗野的

be crude to sb 对??粗鲁，无理 , rude语气比 crude 要弱 He is crude to the girl.

■marquis n. 侯爵

■technically adv. 严格根据法律意义地 ■science n. 科学 ■popularity n. 名望

in popularity 受欢迎，受喜爱

Instant foods are getting in popularity. 即食食品越来越受欢迎。 popular songs are in popularity. popular with 受人喜爱

popularity 名望，受人欢迎的状态 fame 出名的名声 famous adj. reputation 声誉

■adore v. 崇拜，爱戴

More and more people adore the famous adtress.

■alike adv. 一样地

He was adored by rich, and poor alike.

The teacher is adored by boy, girl and alike.

■fame n. 名声

■eminent adj. 著名的，杰出的 eminent scientist distinguished

■bitterly adv. 厉害地 It is blowing bitterly.

bitter:苦的、辛酸的、刺骨的

bitter pills may have wholesome effects 良药 ■bet (bet, bet; betted, betted) v. 打赌 bet on sth. 以...打赌 bet sb. that 跟某人打赌

bet one's bottom dollar on somebody 对??孤注一掷 He bet his bottom dollar on his last attempt.

bet on the wrong horse 对?? 做出了错误的判断 I bet 我肯定，我断言

■academy n. 专业学校

■extravagant adj. 浪费的，奢侈 extravagant hobit

thrifty frugal economical

■poverty n. 贫困

in poverty 在贫困当中 indigence 贫困 (正式) destitution 赤贫 penury 诘据三、【课文精析】

in popularity

fought with bare fists: 赤手空拳的打斗

Key sentence:

One of the most colourful figures in boxing history was Daniel Mendoza who was born in 1764. one of the most famous people

introduce: bring in

Potatos were introduced into Europe from South America.

drew up: 制定，起草 Sb. did much to do sth.

in his full time in his good day

rise to fame = become famous

attract sb.’s sttention == attract the attention of sb.

turn against sb 与??反目成仇 severely

Key sentence:

It was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries and became Champion.

as much as 多达

in debt: 欠债二、【New words and expressions】生词和短语 ■run v. （戏剧、电影等）

The film is so successful that it runs for several weeks.

■lines n. （剧本中的）台词 ■part n. 剧中的角色，台词 ■falter vi. 支吾，结巴说

stammer

He has practised the poem several times, so he has no cause to falter. falter v. 蹒跚而行（=stgger） He faltered home.

■cast (cast, cast ) v. 选派??扮演角色 ●role n. 角色

The actor was cast in the role of hero.

■aristocrat n. 贵族 ■imprison v. 关押 put sb imprison: 关押

He was imprisoned for 10 years. imprisonment：n.

sentence sb to life imprisonment：判某人终生监禁监狱：prison, jail, gaol 把??送进监狱

send sb. to prison == put sb in prison == throw sb into prison in prison 坐牢 the prison 监狱

He is in prison / jail. He is behind boars.

■Bastille . 巴士底狱

■gaoler n. 监狱长，看守连演，连映 ■colleague n. 同事

■curtain n. （舞台中的）幕布 ■reveal v. 使显露

The secret hasn’t been reveald.

reveal:揭露，揭穿，把什么露出来

A curtain was up and revealed the beautiful scenery. disclose:揭发

discclose the truth discover: 发现

uncover: 揭开具体的盖子

A very tight dress reveals the beautiful figure. 紧身的裙子露出了漂亮的身段。 revealabel adj. 可展现的 revealer: 探测器

■cell n. 单人监房，监号 ■blank adj. 空白的

■squint . 眯着（眼）看，瞄 squint one's eyes 眯上眼睛

Eg.: He squinted his eyes and looked at the letter. pear at : 眯着眼睛看

■dim adj. 昏暗

The room is too dim so I can;t read the letter. gloomy天气，心情)抑郁的 The weather is gloomy today. He is in gloomy mood. dusky天色)昏暗的

Towards evening is getting dusky. murly:（天色）漆黑的，黑暗的 I can’t go out at murky night. misty:多雾的，迷蒙的

The building is out of sight on such a misty day.

■sire n. （古用法）陛下 ■proceed v. 继续进行

proceed vi. particular after stopping proceed to / with:进行继续某事 Let’s proceed to business.

You must proceed with your work. proceed from 从什么着手开始继续 They proceed from lesson 1. procced from 起诉某人

Eg: He decided to proceed against his neighbour. 三、【课文精析】

by heart 熟记台词

on end

1．== continuously: 连续的，位于具体的时间之后 Eg: He sat there for hours on end.

We had hardly anything to eat for days on end. 2． ==upright 竖着

Eg: The cat's fur stood on end.

I got a big shock so my hear stood on end.我吓了一大跳，以致于毛骨悚然。

who = actor, 关系代词做主语，不能省略

Eg.: The student who was required to recite the poem 100 times is really poor.

learn/ know by heart: 把??牢记在心

Eg.: The sentence is so important that you must learn it by heart.

heart and soul 全心全意的，全身心的 Eg: We serve the students heart and soul take heart 鼓起勇气，恢复信心

lose heart 失去信心

lose heart to sb= give heart to sb: 轻信于某人 Eg: The boy lost his heart to the girl put one's heart into sth: 致力于某事

Eg: Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.世上无难事，只怕有心人 have one's heart in one's boots提心吊胆

Eg: He had his heart in his boots when he went out alone at night.

even though = even if = though / although at each performance = at every performance

insist: 坚决要求，suggest:建议， order:命令，demand:要求，require:要求

表示建议/要求/希望，和that宾语从句搭配，that从句必须出现should + 动词原形的虚拟，should 可以省略。

in full==fully=completely

play a joke(cheek) on sb: 开某人玩笑 on the final act == in the last act

with，独立主格结构

hand to == present sth. to == pass to 把??递给某人

as usual

look on 旁观

anxious,形容词短语做伴随状况状语

stare at 一眨不眨地

squinting: ing形式，做方式状语，伴随状况状语

prmptly ==immediately

with this 说完这话 hurry off

much, 用来加强语气

play a joke on 开玩笑; play a trick on 捉弄，单方面取乐 have a joke with sb. 和某人开玩笑，强调两人共同取乐

Eg.: He laughs best who laughs last. 笑到最后的才是笑得最好的。二、【New words and expressions】生词和短语 ■poison n. 毒药 poison n.& vt.

He was poisoned by pesticide.

give poison to sb/ give poison to sth.使某人或某事中毒 hate each other like poison 彼此互相恨透 name one’s poison

Name your poison,please. 说出你要喝点什么酒啊。 What’s your poison? 你要喝什么酒？

■illogical adj. 不合逻辑的，无章法的 ■octopus n. 章鱼

■delicacy n. 美味，佳肴

Eg.: He considered chicken to be a great delicacy. delicate adj. 美味的，可口的，清淡的

delicious adj. 味道美的

■repulsive adj. 令人反感的，令人生厌的 disgusting adj.

The dish is repulsive.

■stomach n. 胃

■turn v. 感到恶心，翻胃 ■fry v. 油炸

fry v.: be cooked in hot oil fried egg 煎鸡蛋 fried bread fring pan 煎锅 fry up 加热

Fry up the food, please.

fry in one's own fat 自作自受

have other fish to fry 另有要事要做 Eg: Hello,Lucy, let's go have dinner.

That's good idea, but I have other fish to fry. Thank you very much.

■fat n. （动物、植物）油 put on fat 长胖，发胖

fat adj. 胖的运用此adj.时常很不礼貌，因此用large, heavy, overweight 替代。

■abuse n. 辱骂，责骂 Don’t abuse your authority.

He greeted his wife with a stream of abuse. 他骂妻子的声音不绝于耳。

■snail n. 蜗牛

■luxury n. 奢侈品，珍品

The diamond ring is a luxury to me. luxurious adj. 奢侈的，奢华的 a luxurious hotel

■associate v. 联想到

associate v. connect in one’s mind

A with B 把??跟??联想到一起= connect with. Eg: I can't associate you with your wife. Can you associate snails with delicious food.

associate with ==connect with==link with == be bound up with

■despise v. 鄙视

despise vt. regard as worthless

Eg.: We despise him for a coward. 我们把他看作一个懦夫。 look down upon 鄙视，瞧不起 Eg: Don't look down upon anyone.

■appeal v. 引起兴致

appeal to sb 引起某人兴趣

Eg: Eating snails never appeals to me. appeal 上诉，呼吁

appeal for sth. 为某事而上诉

■shower n. 阵雨

■stroll n. 溜达，散步

stroll n. slow walking for pleasure in street or in garden. go for a stroll; take a stroll; == go for a walk; take a walk stroller 散步的人

stroll vi.

He is strolling along the road. ramble 海岸，林中的漫步

The couple are irambling in the forest. roam 不安定的漂泊，徘徊 The tramp roams every day. wander 流浪，徘徊

He has nothing to do, so he is wandering along the street. ■impulse n. 冲动

impulse : a sudden wish to do sth. on impulse 冲动的

He rushed out to catch up (with) the lady on impulse. be driven by impulse to do sth. 情不自禁的做某事 Why did you do it?

I should say I was driven by impulse to do it like this. impulsive adj. 冲动的 impulsively adv. 冲动地

■dozen n. 12个，一打 dozen: agroup of twelve by the dozen 成打的 dozens of 许多的

two dozen eggs，a dozen roses. (其用法和hundred, thousand 一样) a dozen of the (these ) roses 这些玫瑰中的一打数词 +dozen +物品：??打??（物品） Speak nineteen to the dozen 说个不停

Eg.: The old lady is speaking nineteen to the dozen.

■fancy v.喜爱，喜欢

Eg.: I don’t fancy living in the cold room.

fancy 想像，设想（=image）（表示一种惊讶的心情）（其后接动名词做宾语） Fancy meeting you here. 没想到在这儿见到你。 fancy oneself 自以为是，自命不凡 Do you fancy yourself? 三、【课文精析】

Key sentence:

People become quite illogical when they try to decide what can be eaten and what cannot be eaten. 人们在决定吃什么或者不吃什么的时候，往往变得不合情理。

当涉及到或谈及到叙述客观事实的时候 it comes to sth ………… it comes to doing sth ……

用于when 引导的时间状语从句

Eg.:He never complains when it comes to helping his wife with the house work.

for instance == for example consider (to be)...

on the other hand 转折连接词，表示而另一方面

at the idea of: at 介词搭配作状语，表示当......就......；一......就...... at the idea of 一想到 at the sight of 一看到 at the mention of 一提到