2011年职称英语冲刺班 - 完形填空 - 讲义

2011年职称考试完形填空冲刺讲义 屠皓民

一、完形填空语法知识点

介词

? His findings are based ______ the number of people working in the hospitality industry in

Britain. A. on B. in C. at D. of

? Where once, in the school playground, one child might have petulantly shouted ________

another

A) at B) in C) on D) farward

? The car is fitted with a remote immobilizer and a radio signal from a control center miles away

will ensure that once the thief switches the engine , he will not be able to start it again. A. off

平行结构

? While tobacco is linked to about 30 percent of cancer cases, diet is involved in an estimated 25

percent and alcohol _______ about six percent. A. at

B. in

C. of

D. for

? A controversial aspect of\is that, unlike with other applications such as the \

are you thinking about?\posting a digital depository of the often dire, , dull and

desperate,

A) exciting B) dreary C) cheerful D) bright

? The survey and __________ appear in the April 15th issue of the Journal of the American

Medical Association. A) analyze

动词相互关系

? The professor really wants _______ why he lost the competition. A. knowing B. to know C. known D. know

? Modern cars are a far tougher proposition, as their engine management computer will not

them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition key.

A. let

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B. on C. at D. of

B) analysis C) having analyzed D) be analyzed

B. allow C. make D. give

定语从句

? In what may come as a surprising finding in older people ________ rely on their children and ….

A. which B. whom C. who D. those

? By the way, maybe the Food and Drug Administration, approved use of the drug 11 years ago, should consider updating its list of side effects associated with this medicine. A. which B. what C. that D. where

? Overall, out of the 1,277 residents__________ completed surveys, 1,185 said that they had experienced at least one incident of mistreatment in their intern year. A) who B) which C) whom D) whose

比较级

? Lower level officials usually travel than high-ranking officials. A) less B) more C) faster D) farther

? Just as bombs are dispatched impersonally _________ an unseen enemy in modem warfare,

___________ relationships are blown out of the window with the same callous disregard, without the risk of any face-to-face comeback.

A) and B) since C) so D) but

英语时态

? Dr. Smith ______ the research for five years but he still hasn’t found the result. A. have done B. has done C. did D. does

? In the UK, technologies like this achieve a 31 per cent drop in vehicle-related crime since

1997. A. have helped

B. helped

C. had helped D. was helped

? World Health Day has been celebrated on April 7th 1950. A) after B) since C) in D) for

被动语态

? I have been befriended and befriended many people since arriving in Beijing.

A) on B) by C) with D) in

? A security research organization based in Berkshire that is funded in part the motor

insurance industry.

A. about B. to C. by D. on ? You only find out you have when you try to visit a \

A) been dumped B) dumped C) being dumped D) dumping

名词的修饰

? the government is concerned about the needs of a relatively small of people who want

to change sex.

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A) numeral B) figure C) digit D) number

? As we age, we need to eat less because our bodies need calories to function properly. A) less

B) fewer

C) more 强调

? We want to get the message out to men who __ __ experience domestic violence that they are

D) enough

not alone. A . to B. how C. do D. go

? However, some people do _______ this course of action－ particularly artists! A take B make C do D have

二、完形填空考试目录及复习范围

综合类

C级

第一篇 A Health Profile（旧题库未考） 第二篇 Making Yourself a Good Record 第三篇 Pretty Good

第四篇 Where Have All Our Visitors Gone?

第五篇 Why People Use Pseudonyms（2011新增） 第六篇 Reform on the Road （2010新增）

第七篇 Water

第八篇 An Early Form of Jazz Music（旧题库未考） 第九篇 Freezing to Death for Beauty（2009未考） 第十篇 The Ideal Husband（2009未考） B级

*第十一篇 On the Net Friends Come and Go, Talking of（2010新增） *第十二篇 Sport or Spectacle? （2011新增）

A级

+第十三篇 Racial Prejudice

+第十四篇 Sex change surgery guidelines drafted （2010新增） +第十五篇 Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred Years（2011新增）

理工类

C 级

第一篇 Captain Cook Arrow Legend

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第二篇 Avalanche and Its Safety （2009未考）

第三篇 What is the Coolest Gas in the Universe? （2011新增） 第四篇 Animal's \

第五篇 Singing Alarms Could Save the Blind

第六篇 Car Thieves Could Be Stopped Remotely（旧题库未考） 第七篇 An Intelligent Car 第八篇 A Biological Clock

第九篇 Wonder Webs（旧题库未考） 第十篇 Less Is More（旧题库未考） B级

*第十一篇 China to Help Europe Develop GPS Rival（旧题库未考）

*第十二篇 Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in Teens（2011新增）

A级

+第十三篇 Cell Phone Lets Your Secret Out（2009未考）

+第十四篇 Sharks Perform a Service for Earth's Waters

+第十五篇 Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores（2011新增）

卫生类

C级

第一篇 Better Control of TB Seen If a Faster Cure Is Found（旧题库未考） 第二篇 Influenza（2011新增） 第三篇 One Good Reason to Let Smallpox Live

第四篇 Diet, Alcohol Linked to Nearly One Third of Cancers（旧题库未考） 第五篇 Men Too May Suffer from Domestic Violence（2009未考） B级

*第六篇 Once-daily Pill Could Simplify HIV Treatment（旧题库未考） *第七篇 Exercise（2011新增） *第八篇 Food Safety and Foodborne Illness（2011新增） *第九篇 Many Women Who Beat Cancer Don't Change Habits（2009未考） *第十篇 Hospital Mistreatment

A类

+第十一篇 Migrant Workers

+第十二篇 Pandemic H1N1 2009 （2011新增） +第十三篇 Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack（旧题库未考） +第十四篇 Homosexuals

+第十五篇 Is Your Child's Stomach Pain All in His Head? （2009未考）

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三、2010年完形填空对比换空 备注：

1、_____（加下划线的黄色区域）说明2010年教材上要考察的地方和2010年真题考察的知识点相同；

2、_____（只加下划线的区域）说明该知识点是2010年教材上考察的，并非真题考察的知识点； 3、Reasonable（带框的黄色区域）说明是2010年真题考察的，并非教材上考察的。

综合类（A级）试题——完形填空

Racial Prejudice

In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. There are countries _____(51) the white man imposes his rule by brute(粗鲁的) force; there are countries where the black man protests by_____(52) fire to cities and by looting and pillaging(抢劫). Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in _____(53)of violence – as if it were a legitimate(合法的) solution, _____(54) any other. What is really frightening, what really _____(55) you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch(关键时刻), we have made no actual _____(56) at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded _____ (57) of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that _____ (58) never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering _____ (59) nothing. No solution ever comes to _____(60) the morning after when we dismally(阴郁地) contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.

The truly reasonable men who _____ (61) where the solutions lie are finding it harder and herder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted _____ (62) their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. If half the energy that goes into _____(63) acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at _____(64) up the slums and ghettos(贫民窟), at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to _____(65) at a solution. 51. A why B when C what D where

52. A setting B catching C fighting D returning 53. A spite B memory C favor D need 54. A as B like C to D through

55. A sets B puts C forces D fills 56. A progress B sense C decision D point

57. A business B history C system D range

58. A research B argument C violence D talk

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59. A want B deal C have D mean 60. A mind B light C life D end

61. A know B suggest C demand D consider 62. A by B of C for D with

63. A symbolic B final C violent D lawful

64. A taking B getting C looking D cleaning 65. A laughing B arriving C starting D meeting

综合类（B级）试题——完形填空 How a Terrible Battle helped to Change Europe

Ninety years ago on a sunny morning in Northern France, something happened that changed Britain and Europe for ever. At half past seven on the morning of July 1, 1916, whistles blew and thousands of British soldiers_____ (51) their positions to attack their German enemies. _____ (52) the end of the day, 20,000 of them were dead, and another 30,000 wounded or missing. The Battle of the Somme, _____ (53) it is called, lasted for six months. When it ended, 125,000 British soldiers were dead. They had gained five kilometers of ground.

This was one of a series of great battles during the WWI. The _____ (54) on the Somme was staged to relieve pressure on the French, who were _____ (55) in a great battle of their own at a place called Verdun. By the time the battle ended, over a million French and German troops had been killed.

About 17 million people were killed in WWI. There have been wars with greater numbers of dead. But there has never been one _____ (56) most of the dead were concentrated in such a small area. On the Somme battlefield, two men died for every metre of space.

Local farmers working in the land still _____ (57) the bodies of those who died in that battle. The dead of all nations were buried in a series of giant graveyards_____ (58) the line of the border between France and Belgium. Relatives and descendants(后代) of those who died still _____ (59) these graveyards today. What the French call the ―tourism of death‖ makes an important contribution to the local economy.

It took a second great conflict before Europe was to _____ (60) against war itself. Twenty-eight years after the Somme battle, a liberating army of British. American and Canadian troops took _____ (61) France from another German invasion. More than 500,000 people were killed. New graveyards were built. Two great conflicts across two generations helped to change the European _____ (62) about war. Germany, once the most warlike country in Europe, is now probably more in favor of peace than any other. One major _____ (63) of war in Europe was rivalry(竞争) between France and Germany. The European Union was specifically formed to _____ (64) that rivalry. According to US commentator William Pfaff, ―Europeans are interested in a slow development of civilized and tolerant international relations, compromising on problems while avoiding

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catastrophes along the way. They have themselves only recently recovered from the catastrophes of the WWI and WWII, when tens of millions of people were destroyed. They don’t want more.‖ The last British veteran(老兵) of the Somme battle died in 2005, aged 108. And the WWI is passing out of _____ (65) and into history. But for anyone who wants to understand how Europeans think, it is still important to know a little about the terrible events of July 1, 1916. 51. A took B left C held D changed 52. A By B At C In D From 53. A because B since C for D as

54. A defense B attack C victory D hunt 55. A engaged B trained C lost D tested 56. A what B why C which D where

57. A publish B examine C govern D find 58. A into B with C along D against 59. A bury B visit C pass D cover 60. A turn B lean C balance D work 61. A away B off C over D back 62. A plan B mind C life D law 63. A cause B theory C belief D study

64. A restore B develop C end D win 65. A range B condition C action D memory

综合类（C级）试题——完形填空

下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

A Country’s Standard of Living

The ―standard of living‖ of any country means the average persons’ share of the goods and services the country produces. A country’s standard of living, therefore, _____ (51) first and foremost on its capacity to produce wealth. ―Wealth‖ in this _____ (52) is not money, for we do not live on money but on things that money can buy: ―goods‖ such as food and clothing, and ―services‖ such as transport and entertainment.

A country’s capacity to _____(53) wealth depends upon many factors, most of _____(54) have an effect on one another. Wealth depends _____(55) a great extent upon a country’s natural resources. Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have fertile （肥沃的）soil and a favorable climate; other regions _____(56) none of them. Next to natural resources comes the ability to _____(57) them to use. China is perhaps as well-off/rich as the USA in natural resources, but suffered for many years _____(58) civil and external wars and for this and other _____(59) was unable to develop her resources. Sound and

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stable political conditions, and _____(60) from foreign invasions, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more _____(61) than another country equally well favored by nature but less well ordered.

A country’s standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is produced and _____(62) within its own borders, but also upon what is directly produced through international trade. For example, Britain’s wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural _____(63) would be much less if she had to depend only on those grown at home. Trade makes it possible for her surplus （剩余的）manufactured goods to be traded abroad for the agricultural products _____(64) would otherwise be lacking. A country’s wealth is therefore, much influenced by its manufacturing capacity. _____(65) that other countries can be found ready to accept its manufactures.

51. A calls B gets C depends D takes 52. A sense B article C side D area 53. A distribute B produce C contain D buy 54. A that B these C what D which 55. A for B to C in D by 56. A contribute B possess C attract D develop 57. A move B force C turn D push 58. A as B on C with D from

59. A reason B aspects C points D services

60. A freedom B liberation C prevention D government 61. A wealth B report C effect D result 62. A provided B increased C created D consumed 63. A organization B resources C products D labors 64. A who B that C where D when 65. A based B realized C supposed D provided

理工类（A级）试题——完形填空

下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

Obtaining Drinking Water from Air Humidity

Not a plant to be seen, the desert ground is too dry. But the air contains water, and research scientists have found a 51 of obtaining drinking water from air humidity.

The process we have developed is based exclusively on renewable energy sources 52 themal 53collectors and photovoltaic cells, which makes this method completely energy-autonomous. It will 54 function in regions where there is no electrical infrastructure‖, says Siegfried Egner, head of the research team. The principle of the 55 is as follows: hygroscopic brine — saline solution which absorbs moisture — runs down a tower-shaped unit and

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absorbs water from the air. It is then sucked 56 a tank a few meters off the ground in which a vacuum prevails. Energy from solar collectors 57 up the brine, which is diluted by the water it has 58 Because of the vacuum, the boiling point of the liquid is lower than it would be under 59 atmospheric pressure. The effect is known from the mountains: as the atmospheric pressure there is lower than in the valley, water boils at temperatures distinctly below 100`C. The evaporated, non-saline water is condensed and runs down through a completely filled tube in a controlled manner. The gravity of this water column 60 produces the vacuum and so a vacuum pump is not needed. The reconcentrated brine 61 down the tower surface again to absorb moisture from the air.

\concept is suitable for various water 62 Single-person units and plants supplying water to entire hotels are conceivable,\says Egner. Prototypes have been built for 63 system components-air moisture absorption and vacuum evaporation-and the research scientists have already 64 their interplay on a laboratory scale. In a further 65 the researchers in-tend to develop a demonstration facility . 51. A road B channel

C way

D path

52. A in spite of B because of C as a result of D such as 53. A who B where C when D which 54. A meanwhile 55. A prospect 56. A from 57. A keeps

B therefore . C however

D still

B process C progresst D product B at C above D into B brings C breaks D heats

C allowed

C easy C typically

D absorbed D available D runs D workers

58. A attacted B affected 59. A normal B different 60. A continuously 61. A takes 62. A users

B suddenly

D seriously

B puts C flies B designers C owners

63. A both B every C same D either 64. A repaired B cancelled C tested D copied 65. A instrument B step C case

理工类（B级）试题——完形填空

下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

The Case of the Disappearing Fingerprints

One useful anti-cancer drug can effectively erase the whorls (萝状指纹) and other characteristic marks that give people their distinctive fingerprints. Losing them could become troublesome. A case ____(51)online in a letter by Annals of Oncology Indicates how big a ____(52)

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D ground

losing fingerprints is.

Eng-Huat Tan, a Singapore-based medical doctor describes a 62-year-old man who has used capecitabine (卡洛塔宾) to ____(53) his nasopharyngeal cancer (鼻咽癌). After three years on the ____(54), the patient decided to visit his U.S. relatives last December. But he was stopped by U.S. customs officials ____(55) 4 hours after entering the country when those officials couldn’t get fingerprints from the man. There were no ____(56) swirly ( 漩涡状的) marks appearing from his index finger.

U.S. customs has been fingerprinting incoming foreign visitors for years, Tan says. There index fingers are printed and screened against digital files of the fingerprints of bad guys—terrorists and potentials criminals that our federal guardians have been tasked with keeping put of the country. Unfortunately, for the Singaporean traveler, one potential ____(57) effect of his drug treatment is a smoothing of the tissue on the finger pads. ____(58), no fingerprints. ―It is uncertain when fingerprint ____(59) will begin to take place in patients who are taking capacitabine,‖ Tan points out. So he ____(60) any physicians who prescribe the drug to provide their patients with a doctor’s ____(61) pointing out that their medicine may cause fingerprints to disappear.

Eventually, the Singaporean traveler made it into the United States. But he’s also now got the explanatory doctor’s note-and won’t leave home ____(62) it.

By the way, maybe the Food and Drug Administration., ____(63) approved use of the drug 11 years ago, should consider updating its list of side effects ____(64) with this medicine. The current list does note that patients may experience vomiting (呕吐), stomach pain and some other side effects. But no where ____(65) it mention the potential for loss of fingerprints. 51. A released B suggested C accepted D detected 52. A problem B gap C sickness D secret 53. A cut B treat C find

D smooth

54. A B exercise . C recovery D drug 55. A in B for C at D from 56. A different B strange C interesting D distinctive 57. A good B side C normal D main 58. A However B Meanwhile C Hence

D Yet

59. A chance B mark C loss D danger 60. A reports B discourages C cautions D praises 61. A note B name C book

D number D off

D where

62. A on B out C without

63. A who B when C which 65. A collected

64. A collected B when C which D where

B copied C associated D rested

理工类（C级）试题——完形填空

下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为没处空白确定1个最佳选项。

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Seeing Red Means Danger Ahead

The color red often means danger -- and by paying attention, accidents can be prevented. At railroad crossings, flashing red lights warn cars to stay back. A red light at a traffic intersection tells cars to stop, so they don’t run into other cars.

In the future, the color red also may help ________(51)danger at construction sites. Thanks to new work by engineers, bridge supports- or ________(52) kinds of materials—could one day contain a color-changing material. It will turn red (53)a structure collapses or falls apart. A polymer containing a color-changing molecule called a mechanophore turns red seconds before it snaps. The technology may one day allow damage to materials or structures to be easily spotted. The secret ____ (54)the color-changing material is a particular type of molecule(分子).A molecule is a group of atoms held together by chemical bonds. Molecules come ________(55)all shapes and sizes ,and make up ________ (56) you can see ,touch or feel. How a molecule behaves depends on ________ (57)kinds of atoms it contains, and how they’re held together.

When a polymer containing a color-changing molecule called a mechanophore is about to breaks, it produces a ________(58). When a polymer with mechanophore molecules becomes \or ____ (59), one of the mechanophore bonds ________ (60)and the material turns red. \a really simple detection method,\says Nancy Sottos, one of the scientists who worked on the project. ―We’re opening up this one bond, and it changes color.‖ Sottos and her team tested the color-changing polymers in their lab. The test (61) proved encouraging. There is a way to get rid of the red color: light. When a bright light is shone on the mechanophore, the broken bond is fixed - and the red color________ (62). This \may be a problem for engineers. They need to use the color-changer in big construction projects that will be (63), in sunlight. And sunlight will make the mechanophore's warning system________(64).

Sottos and her fellow scientists still have (65) work to do before the color-changing molecules can be used outside the lab. 练习：

51. A throw B prevent

C create D keep

52. A other B another C the other D others 53. A until B although C after D before 54. A on B behind C under D down 55. A for B in C from D at

56. A nothing B anyone C someone D everything 57. A why B how C what D where 58. A color B trouble C sound D time 59. A strong B soft C weak D hand 60. A closes B breaks C increases D burn 61. A results B breaks C tools D methods

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62. A repairs B controls C finishes D disappears 63. A inside B useless C outside D above 64. A dangerous B useless C helpful D important 65. A a part of B a type of C a lot of D a pair of

卫生类（A级）试题——完形填空

下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

Skin Cancer Now Top Cancer among Young Women in UK

Melanoma (黑素瘤), the deadliest kind of skin cancer, is now the most common cancer in _____(51) British women, the country’s leading cancer organization said Wednesday. Skin cancer has _____(52) cervical (子宫颈的) cancer as the top cancer striking women in their 20s, according to the latest data from Cancer Research United Kingdom.

The trend is particularly _____(53) since younger people are not generally those most susceptible (易患的) to melanoma. Rates of skin cancer are _____(54) highest in people over age 75.

But experts worry that increasing numbers of younger people being diagnosed with skin cancer could be the _____(55) of a dangerous trend. Women in their 25s make _____(56) a small percentage of all patients diagnosed with melanoma in Britain, but nearly a third of all cases occur in people younger than 50.

Based on current numbers, Cancer Research UK predicts that melanoma will become the fourth _____(57) common cancer for men and women of all ages by 2024, and that cases will jump from about 9,000 cases a year to more than 15,000.

Cancer experts _____(58) the rising number of skin cancer cases largely to the surge in people using tanning salons. ―Spending time on sunbeds is just as dangerous as staying out too long in the sun,‖ said Caroline Cerny of Cancer Research UK. The organization is starting a SunSmart _____(60) to warn Britons of the dangers of being too bronzed. ―The intensity of ultraviolet rays in some sun beds can be more than 10 _____(61) stronger than the midday sun:, Cerny said.

In the United States, several states require parental approval _____(62) minors can use tanning salons. Wisconsin bans people 16 and _____(63) from using tanning beds, and others ban children under 14. At least 29 states have regulations governing minors’ use of tanning salons.

In the UK, Scottish politicians passed legislation banning those under 18 using tanning beds, though it hasn’t yet been implemented. There are no plans for _____(64) in the rest of the UK. The World Health Organization has previously recommended that tanning beds be regulated because of their potential to damage DNA in the skin.

Experts said most deadly skin cancers could be _____(65) if people took the proper precautions

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when in the sun and avoided tanning beds.

51. A young B married C middle-aged D elderly

52. A overtaken B overseen C overlooked D overwhelmed 53. A encouraging B misleading C worrying D booming 54. A occasionally B hopefully C surprisingly D typically 55. A line B point C turn D start 56. A up B on C off D to

57. A most B more C very D much

58. A allocate B associate C contribute D attribute 59. A ineffective B dangerous C exhausting D comfortable 60. A execution B campaign C reaction D conquest 61. A degress B ranks C times D steps 62. A until B while C before D although 63. A less B beneath C lower D under 64. A debate B caution C legislation D approval 65. A avoided B diagnosed C predicted D treated

卫生类（B级）试题——完形填空

Nurse! I Want My Mummy

When a child is ill in hospital, a parent’s first reaction is to be ______(51) them.

Most hospitals now allow parents to sleep ______(52) with their child, providing a bed or sofa on the ward.

But until the 1970s this ______(53) was not only frowned upon (不赞同) – it was actively discouraged.

Staff worried that the children were ______（54）when their parents left, and so there was a blanket (通用的) ban.

A concerned nurse, Pamela Hawthorn, disagreed and her study ―Nurse, I want my mummy!‖ published in 1974. ______(55) the face of the pediatric(儿科的) nursing.

Martin Johnson, a professor of nursing at the University of Stratford, said that the work of ______(56) like Pamela had changed the face of patient care.

―Pamela’s study was done against the ______(57) of a lively debate in pediatrics and psychology as to the degree women should spend with children in the outside‖ world and the degree to which they should be allowed to visit children in ______(58).

―The idea was that if mum came to ______(59) a small child in hospital the child would be upset and inconsolable(无法安慰的) for hours.

―Yet the nurse noticed that if mum did not come at ______(60) the child stayed in a relatively

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stable state but they might be depressed.

―Of course we know now that they had almost given up hope ______(64) mum was ever coming back.

―To avoid a little bit of pain they said that no one should visit.‖

―But children were alone and depressed, so Hawthorn said, parents should be ______(62) to visit.

Dr. Peter Carter, chief executive and general secretary of the Royal College of Nursing, said her ______(63) had been seminal. (开创性的)

―Her research put an end to the ______(64) when parents handed their children over to strangers at the door of the hospital ward.

―As a result of her work, parents are now recognized as partners in care and are afforded the opportunity to stay with their children while they are in hospital. ______(65) has dramatically improved both parents’ and children’s experience of care.

51. A with B over C upon D for

52. A soundly B overtime C fortnight D overnight 53. A order B thought C exercise D practice 54. A hungry B upset C surprised D happy

55. A changed B examined C covered D cleaned 56. A parents B nurses C doctors D teachers 57. A field B background C circle D history 58. A hospital B family C group D school 59. A worry B control C visit D take 60. A all B large C will D it

61. A unless B that C because D whether 62. A forced B guided C persuaded D allowed 63. A work B condition C doubt D dream 64. A months B weeks C days D hours 65 A which B this C what D thus

卫生类（C级）试题——完形填空

下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

Swine Flu in New York

备注：该文章在2010年教材上对应的题目是8 New York Students Have Swine Flu。 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has confirmed cases of swine____(51)in eight students at a New York preparatory school, Mayor Michael Bloomberg said Sunday. The students have had only (52) symptoms and none have been hospitalized, he said. Some of the students have already recovered.

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More than 100 students were absent from (53) due to flu-like symptoms last week. New York health officials tested samples for eight students Saturday and determined the students were probably (54) from swine flu, and the CDC confirmed the (55) on Sunday, Bloomberg said.

The announcement brings the (56) of confirmed swine flu cases in the United States to 20. Bloomberg and New York Health Commissioner Tom Frieden said there is no (57) of a citywide outbreak of the flu, and no sign of a potential outbreak of swine flu at_______(58)schools.

Some students at the school (59) spring break1 in Mexico, Bloomberg said, but authorities have not determined (60) any of the students with a confirmed case of swine flu

was in Mexico. Someone who traveled to Mexico may not have had any flu symptoms but (61) on the flu to someone else, he noted. Bloomberg called on students who are home sick to _____(62) home for 48 hours after their symptoms subside.

If symptoms are normal for a regular kind of flu, there is (63) need to go to a hospital, said Bloomberg. If symptoms become severe, as ______ (64)any illness, people should go to the hospital, he said.

St. Francis, which has 2,700 students, announced it will remain closed for two days. ________(65)whether the students' illnesses have been minor because they're young and healthy or because it is a minor strain of the virus, Frieden responded, \

51. A fever B cold 52. A severe 53. A hospital 54. A recovering

C sickness D flu

C physical D typical C work D home

B mild

B school

B learning C escaping D suffering

55. A choice B treatment C diagnosis D doubt 56. A number B spread C size D amount 57. A chance B sign 58. A much B other 59. A traveled B closed

C news D hope C another D few C spent D lasted

60. A why B whether C how D when 61. A passed B kept C rolled D swept 62. A return B stay C leave D go 63. A no B some C any D great 64. A upon B with C along D down 65. A Told B Tested

C Greeted D Asked

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四、2011年完形填空新增文章 综合类---C级

Why People Use Pseudonyms

You can’t choose the name you are given at birth, but in many countries you can change it legally when you reach adulthood.. Of course, most people never change their names _1__ they feel unhappy about them. However, some people do _2__ this course of action－ particularly artists! What makes an artist want to change their name? Sometimes it’s for purely _3__ reasons, such as the Nobel Prize winning poet from Chile, Neftali Reyes. He didn’t want his father to _4__ he was writing poetry, so he changed his name to Pablo Neruda when he was a young man. _5__ other times the reason may appear eccentric; take the case of the Portuguese poet Fernando Pessoa, _6__ wrote under 75 different names. The reason? ―When I use a different name, I always write in a different way,‖ he explained. In most cases, _7__, the reason is for social, historical, or cultural reasons. Here are some of the most _8__:

The person’s real name is just _9__ long and difficult to remember. Let’s be honest, Madonna Louise Ciccone is not as _10__ to remember as just plain ―Madonna‖. And short names are much easier to remember: William Bradley became Brad Pitt and Edson Arantes do Nascimento became Pele.

Sometimes names are changed for marketing _11__. For example, if a name sounds too ―foreign‖, it may be changed to something that is more recognizable in a _12__. So in the film world, Ramon Estevez adopted the name Martin Sheen. Or maybe the artist’s real name doesn’t sound very attractive—Chad Everett does _13__ a lot better than Raymond Cramton.

Artists sometimes _14__ the name of someone they admire. Robert Zimmerman changed his name to Boo Dylan because of his admiration for the Welsh poet, Dylan Thomas.

Another reason may be practicality: in the past, women found it very difficult to get published. To _15__ this situation they sometimes gave themselves men’s names, so the English author Mary Ann Evans became George Eliot, and she did get her books published! 1. A as if 2. A take

B as B make B know B On

C even if C do C own

D even D have

3. A private B individual D personal D observe D During D that D however D average D much D brief D purposes

D business

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4. A understand

5. A At 6. A whom 7. A but 8. A popular 9. A so 10. A easy 11. A aims 12. A market

C recognize C In C who C though C very C simple C goals C country

B which B although B common B too B short B ends B film

C ordinary

13. A look 14. A choose 15. A admit

B sound B give B assure

C appear C change C avoid

D seem D get

D affect

为什么人们用假名

我们没法选择出生时的名字，但是在很多国家人们可以在成年后改名。当然，绝大多数人即使不喜欢自己的名字也不会改。然而，有的人却付诸行动—尤其是艺术家！为什么艺术家想改名呢？有时仅源于单纯的私人原因。比如诺贝尔奖得主，智利诗人Neftali Reyes，因为不想让父亲知道自己写诗，就在年轻时改名为Pablo Neruda。有时改名的理由也很奇怪，就拿葡萄牙诗人Fernando Pessoa来说吧，他的笔名多达75个。为什么？他解释说：―每用一个不同的名字，我就写不同的诗。‖然而，改名大多数是由于社会、历史、政治或文化因素。以下是一些最常见的情况：

也许是因为真名太长太难记。老实说，Madonna Louise Ciccone的确不如Madonna来得好记。简短的名字记起来容易得多，比如William Bradley改名为Brad Pitt, Edson Arantes doNasaimento 改名为Nascimento Pele。

有时改名是出于市场要求。比如，假使名字听起来太―外国‖，就可能被换成在市场更容易认的名字。所以电影圈里的Ramon Estevez重起一个名字Martin Sheen。或者因为艺人的真名听上去没什么吸引力— Chad Everett确实比Raymond Cramton好听多了。

有时艺术家改名时会选择他们崇拜的人的名字。出于对威尔士诗人Dylan Thomas的崇敬，Robert Zimmerman把他的名字改成了Boo Dylan。

另一个原因可归结为现实考虑。过去，女人出书很难。为了避免这一局面，他们有时起男人的名字，英国作家Mary Anna Evans 把她的名字改为George Eliot，最后果真出版了自己的书！ 综合类---B级

Sport or Spectacle?

Muhammad Ali is probably the most famous sports figure on earth: he is recognized on every continent and by all generations. The diagnosis of his illness _1__ Parkinson’s disease after his retirement fuelled the debate about the dangers of boxing and criticism _2__ the sport. That, plus his outspoken opposition _3__ women’s boxing, made people wonder how he would react when one of his daughters decided to take _4__ the sport. His presence at Laila’s first professional fight, _5__, seemed to broadcast her father’s support. Of course Muhammad Ali wanted to watch is daughter fight. The ring announcer introduced him as the ―the greatest‖ and as he sat down at the ringside the crowd chanted.

Twenty-one-year-old Laila’s debut fight was a huge success and there was as much publicity for fight _6__ her father’s fights once attracted. _7__, Laila’s opponent was much weaker than she was and the fight lasted just 31 seconds. Since then, Laila has won most of her fights by knocking out her opponent. ―She know s _8__ she’s doing, all right,‖ said one referee about her. ―She knows about moving well. You can see some of her dad’s moves.‖

Laila Ali would rather not compare herself _9__ her father. She prefers to make her own _10__.

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Her father supports her decision to enter the sport but he has not spared her the details of what can happen. Laila realizes that her father wants her to understand the _11__ possible scenario to see _12__ she still wants to go forward with it. She knows she’s going to get hit hard at times, that she may get a broken nose or a swollen face, but at least she is prepared for it.

Laila’s decision to start boxing _13__ her father’s struggle with the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease has of course sparked a mixture of debate and _14__. But Laila is a feisty and determined individual and it is that as much as her famous last name that has made her a magnet for worldwide media attention. Of course, the _15__ on the boxing scene of a woman with her family history attracts even more questions about whether women’s boxing is sport or spectacle. 1. A with B for C as D by 2. A of 3. A on 4. A after

B on

C for

D at D at D up D to

D whereas

B to B over

C with

C along

5. A therefore

6. A as 7. A Luckily 8. A that 9. A as

B however B like B Similarly B what B like B name B best B that

C accordingly C for C Undoubtedly C how C to C success C worse C what

D Unfortunately D why D against

D image D worst D how

D despite of

D bickering D attention

10. A fight 11. A better 12. A if 13. A in spite

B spite C despite

14. A argument 15. A arrival

B criticism

B birth C quarrel

C departure

竞技还是表演？

Muhammad Ali 极有可能是世界上最负盛名的体坛人物：全世界不分老少都熟知拳王Ali。退役后，Ali被诊断患有帕金森综合症，这激起了社会上对拳击运动危险性的争论和诟病。另外，由于Ali曾坦白反对女性拳击运动，所以当他的一个女儿 — Laila决定跨入拳坛时，人们十分好奇Ali对此会作何回应。然而，在Laila首场职业争霸赛上，Ali的露面似乎高调宣布了他对女儿的支持。父亲当然会想看自己女儿的比赛。介绍时，入场播报员称Ali为―最伟大的拳击手‖，当他在台边坐下时全场欢呼。

21岁的Laila 在她的首场比赛中取得了巨大成功，如她父亲当年一样，被受媒体关注。可惜对手实在太弱，仅31秒比赛就结束了。此后，在大多数比赛中，Laila都是一拳取胜。一个裁判在谈及Laila时说：―她完全知道她在做什么，她深谙步法，从她身上你能看到她父亲的影子。‖ 比之总被拿来与自己父亲作比较，Laila更希望闯出自己。她的父亲支持她踏入拳坛的决定，可是没有细致告诉她可能发生的一切。Laila明白她父亲想让她自己品味最苦的后果，自己决定要不要在这条路上走下去。她也明白她将时不时受到重击，甚至可能断了鼻子肿了脸，但是至少，她做好了准备。

尽管父亲深受帕金森综合症的困扰，Laila仍决定走上拳坛道路，这一举动引起的争论和诟

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病不断。但Laila生性好强、意志坚决，这样的性格连同她那响当当的姓氏，使她颇受世界媒体的关注。当然，在她承载着Ali家族的历史出现在女性拳击赛台上的时候，更多的人对此表示疑问：这究竟是一场竞技比赛，还是一场做秀表演？ 综合类---A级

Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred Years

A hundred years ago, life expectancy in developed countries was about 47; in early 21st century, men in the United States and the United Kingdom can expect to live to about 74, women to about 80 and these _1__ are rising all the time. What has brought _2__ these changes? When we look at the life _3__ of people 100 years ago, we need to look at the greatest _4__of the time. In the early 20th century, there were the acute and often _5__ infectious diseases such as smallpox. Many children died very young from these diseases and others, and the weak and elderly were always at risk. In the _6__ world these diseases are far _7__ today, and in some cases have almost disappeared. A number of _8__ have led to this: improvements in sanitation and hygiene, the discovery and use of antibiotics, which _9__ bacterial diseases much less dangerous, and vaccinations _10__common diseases. _11__, people’s general health has improved with improvements in our general environment: cleaner air, better means of preserving food, better and warmer housing, and better understanding of nutrition.

Genetically, we should all be able to live to about 85 but _12__ people do live longer today, there are still some big killers around that are preventing us from consistently reaching that age. The problems that affect people today are the more chronic illnesses, such as heart disease and strokes, and those _13__ by viruses, such as influenza and AIDS. Of course, cancer is a huge killer as well. In most cases these diseases affect _14__ people, but there are worrying trends in the developed world with problems such as obesity _15__ more heart disease and illnesses such as diabetes at younger ages.

The killers today can be classed as ―lifestyle diseases‖, which means that it may be possible to halt their progress. 1. A ages 2. A in

B years B about B time

B killers B less B deadly B factors B causes

C lives C to C duration C invention C high

D countries D with D span D nation D highly D developing

D fatal D measures D from

D Nevertheless

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3. A length 4. A people 5. A more

6. A developed B less developed C undeveloped

C less deadly C jobs C make

7. A more deadly

8. A improvements 9. A makes 10. A against 11. A And

D cause

B for B Therefore C to

C In addition

12. A when 13. A spread 14. A poor 15. A and

B yet B affected C however C produced C older C from

D while D created D young D with

B weak

B leading to

上世纪人类平均寿命的变化

一百年以前，发达国家的人均寿命大约是47岁；到21世纪初，美英两国的男性平均寿命约为74岁，女性则约为80岁，人们的平均寿命一直在延长。是什么造成了这样的变化呢？在研究一百年前的人们寿命的时候，我们有必要注意当时一些不治之症。早在20世纪初，这些不治之症经常是像天花之类的急性的高传染病。许多儿童因此夭折（也有其他原因），年迈题弱的人也总是面临着它们的威胁。

如今，这些疾病在发达国家已远不能致命，有一些都能被治愈。这一变化归于许多因素，比如：环境及个人卫生的改善，抗生素的发现及使用，（抗生素大大降低了细菌病的危险）以及常见疾病预防疫苗的接种。除此之外，更洁净的空气、更好的食物保鲜方法、更舒适温暖的屋子还有对营养的进一步认识，这些总的环境的改善也促进了人们的整体健康。

从基因角度看，人都都能活到85岁，但尽管现在人们寿命确实比以前长了，仍然有一些疾病使得我们不能都活到那个岁数。现在困扰人们的是像心脏病和中风那种更为慢性的疾病，还有像流行性感冒和AIDS那些通过病毒传染的疾病。当然，癌症也是一大杀手。上述疾病大多影响着老年人，但是令人担忧的问题在发达国家日趋明显，如：肥胖，产生更多心脏病和糖尿病等其他疾病患者群渐呈年轻化。

人们如今把这些疾病归为―生活方式疾病‖，这意味着人们生活方式的改善有可能阻止它们的进一步发展。 理工类---C级

What Is the Coolest Gas in the Universe?

What is the coldest air temperature ever recorded on the Earth? Where was this low temperature recorded? The coldest recorded temperature on Earth was -91℃, which _1_ in Antarctica in 1983.

We encounter an interesting situation when we discuss temperatures in _2__. Temperatures in Earth orbit actually range from about +120℃ to -120℃. The temperature depends upon _3__ you are in direct sunlight or shade. Obviously, -120 is colder than our body can safely endure. Thank NASA science for well-designed space __4_ that protect astronauts from these temperature extremes.

The space temperatures just discussed affect only our area of the solar _5__. Obviously, it is hotter closer to the Sun and colder as we travel away from the Sun. Astronomers estimate temperatures at Pluto are about -120℃. How cold is the lowest estimated temperature in the entire universe? Again, it depends upon your _6__. We are taught it is supposedly _7__ to have a temperature below absolute zero, which is -273℃, at which atoms do not move. Two scientists, whose names are Cornell and Wieman, have successfully cooled down a gas to a temperature barely _8__ absolute zero. They won a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001 for their work—not a discovery, in

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this case.

Why is the two scientists’ work so important to science?

In the 1920s, Satyendra Nath Bose was studying an interesting _9__ about special light particles we now call photons. Bose had trouble _10__ other scientists to believe his theory. _11__ he contacted Albert Einstein. Einstein’s calculations helped him theorize that atoms _12__ behave as Bose thought — but only at very cold temperatures.

Scientists have also discovered that _13__ atoms can help them make the world’s atomic clocks even more accurate. These clocks are so accurate today they would only lose one second _14__ six million years! Such accuracy will help us travel in space because distance is velocity times time（d=v × t）. With the long distances involved in space _15__, we need to know time as accurately as possible to get accurate distance. 1. A opened 2. A Earth 3. A whether 4. A foods 5. A wind

B occurred B space B where B beds

C opposed C planet C what C tools

D operated D star D when D suits

D rays

D location D necessary

B energy C system

6. A education 7. A reasonable 8. A above

9. A invention 10. A convincing 11. A and

12. A will 13. A ultra-small 14. A any

15. A travel

B status B wonderful B below

B theory B begging

B though B would B ultra-fast

B each B research

C knowledge C impossible C within

C paper C ordering

C but

C must C ultra-hot

C every

C walk

D beyond D experiment D forcing

D so

D can

D ultra-cold

D some D station

宇宙中哪种气体温度最低？

地球上记录到的最低温度是多少？出现在哪里？地球上最低的温度是-91℃。1983年出现在南极洲。

我们讨论宇宙温度时会发现一种有趣的现象。地球轨道上的温度是介于+120℃至-120℃之间。温度的变化取决于是向阳还是背阳。很明显，-120℃远低于人体能忍受的安全温度。幸亏美国国家航空和航天管理局生产出一种装置，保护宇航员不受极端温度的侵害。

刚才讨论是有关太阳系中环地球宇宙空间的温度。很明显，离太阳越近，温度越高，反之，温度越底。天文学家预测冥王星的温度大约是-210℃。整个宇宙的最低温度是多少呢？如前所述，这仍要取决于你的位置。原子在-273℃时就不再移动了，这就是所谓的绝对零度，我们都知道不可能再有比绝对零度更低的温度了。科学家Cornell 和 Wieman 成功地将气体的温度降到接近绝对零度，并因此获得了2001年诺贝尔物理学奖。在这一案例中，这两位科学家并不是因为重大的科学发现获奖的。

那么，这两位科学家的工作为什么对科学界来说很重要呢？

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早在20世纪90年代，科学家Satyendra Nath Bose就在研究一种关于发光微粒的理论。这种微粒就是我们现在所说的光子。其他科学家不接受他的理论，Bose对此一筹莫展，只好求助于Albert Einstein。Einstein的计算从理论上证实原子确实能像Bose猜想的那样移动，但必须在超低的温度下。

科学家还发现超低温度下的原子可以使原子表更精确。原子表精确之极，每600万年才慢一秒！如此精确的计时有利于人类的宇宙航行，因为航行距离等于速度乘以时间。从地球飞向其他星球的宇宙航程很长，计时越精确，测算宇宙飞行器的即时距离就越精确。 理工类---B级

Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in teens

While some teenagers may puff on cigarettes to ―self-medicate‖ against the blues, scientists at the University of Toronto and the University of Montreal have found that smoking may actually __1_ depressive symptoms in some teens.

―This observational study is one of the few to examine the perceived _2__ benefits of smoking among teens,‖ says lead researcher Michael Chaiton, a research associate at the Ontario Tobacco Research Unit of the University of Toronto. ―_3__ cigarettes may appear to have self-medicating _4__ or to improve mood, in the long term we found that teens who started to smoke reported higher depressive symptoms.‖

As part of the study, some 662 high school teenagers completed up to 20 questionnaires _5__ their use of cigarettes of affect mood. Secondary schools were selected to provide a mix of French and English participants, urban and rural schools, and schools _6__ in high, moderate and low socioeconomic neighborhoods.

Participants were divided into three _7__: never smokers; smokers who did not use cigarettes to self-medicate, improve mood or physical _8__; smokers who used cigarettes to self-medicate. Depressive symptoms were measured using a scale that asked how often participants felt too tired to do things; had _9__ going to sleep or staying _10__; felt unhappy, sad, or depressed; felt hopeless about the future; felt vexed, antsy or tense; and worried too much about things.

―Smokers who used cigarettes as mood _11__ had higher risks of elevated depressive symptoms than teens who had never smoked,‖ says co-researcher Jennifer O’Loughlin, a professor at the University of Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine. ―Our study found that teen smokers who reported emotional benefits from smoking are at higher risk of _12__ depressive symptoms.‖

The _13__ between depression and smoking exists _14__ among teens that use cigarettes to feel better. ―It’s _15__ to emphasize that depressive symptom scores were higher among teenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke,‖ says Dr. Chaiton. 1. A examine B increase C decrease D diagnose 2. A social 3. A Whatever 4. A effects

B financial C emotional D political D S\\What D directions

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B Although B methods C Whenever

C steps

5. A beside 6. A exposed 7. A groups 8. A world 9. A time

10. A asleep 11. A reducers

B beyond B expanded B sets B activity

C in C located

D about D detected D versions D beauty

D trouble

C species C state

C energy

B courage

B awake

B improvers B identifying

B association B scarcely

B unscientific

C still

C creators

C developing C cooperation C probably

D silent D removers

D overcoming D agreement D principally

D important

12. A changing 13. A difference 14. A occasionally 15. A illogical

C meaningless

吸烟会加重青少年的抑郁情绪

有些青少年可能会一口接一口地吸烟来消除抑郁，进行所谓的―自我治疗‖。然而加拿大Toronto和Montreal大学的科学家却发现，事实上，吸烟会加重某些青少年的抑郁情绪。 ―这项研究是检验吸烟是否可以给青少年带来精神欢愉的几项研究之一，‖首席研究员Michael Chaiton如是说，他是Toronto大学Ontario烟草研究组织的助理研究员， ―尽管吸烟能在短时间能起到自我治疗的作用，能振奋精神，但根据青少年自我报告的情况，我们发现，从长远看，吸烟的青少年往往有更多的抑郁症状。‖

这项研究的内容之一是，约662名高中生完成一份包括20道问题的问卷，问卷的问题是关于吸烟对情绪的影响。入选的中学学生既有讲法语的，也有讲英语的，他们就读的学校有城市的，也有乡村的，并分布在高档、中档和低档不同社区。

参与调查者分成三组：一组从不吸烟，一组吸烟但不是为了自我治疗，调节情绪或者改善身体状态，另一组是利用吸烟自我治疗的吸烟者。参与者被问及下列问题：多久会感到倦怠不堪，不想做任何事；多久会出现难以入睡甚至不能入睡的情况；每隔多久会不开心、难过或沮丧；多久会出现对未来绝望的心态；每隔多久会感到烦恼紧张，对所有事情都过分焦虑。收集到的答案用来衡量抑郁症状的轻重。

―通过吸烟缓解抑郁的吸烟者比不吸烟的青少年更容易加重抑郁症状，‖Montreal大学社会和预防医学系教授，研究合作者Jennifer O’Loughlin总结说，―我们研究发现，问卷反馈回来的那些利用吸烟获得精神慰籍的青少年更容易加重抑郁。‖

抑郁和吸烟之间的联系主要体现在那些利用吸烟愉悦心情的青少年身上。―值得重视的是，那些在问卷中反映吸烟能带来精神安慰的青少年，他们在问卷中所得的抑郁评分也较高，‖Chaiton博士说。 理工类---A级

Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores

Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more _1__ to go on to university, reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.

The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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(PNAS). The study involved 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976. The research group analyses the _2__ of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army.

The study shows a clear link _3__ good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test. The strongest links are for _4__ thinking and verbal comprehension. But it is only fitness that plays a _5__ in the results for the IQ test, and not strength. ―Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung _6__ and that your brain gets plenty of _7__,‖ says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital. ―This may be one of the reasons _8__ we can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscular _9__. We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important.‖

By analyzing data for twins, the researchers have been _10__ to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a _11__ IQ.

―We have also shown that those youngsters who _12__ their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,‖ says Maria Aberg, researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre. ―This being the case, physical _13__ is a subject that has an important place in schools, and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects.‖

The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests _14__ national service with the socio-economic status of the men later in _15__. Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education, and many secured more qualified jobs. 1. A carefully B secretly C likely 2. A answers 3. A behind 4. A logical 5. A place 6. A capacity 7. A change 8. A what 9. A exercise 10. A able

B works

C scores

B between B critical B game B disease B hydrogen B why B training B clever

B average B improve

B labour

B after B life

C among C typical

C role

D happily D without D positive D trick D treatment D memory

D results

C shape C oxygen C how C strength C lucky C lower C like

D where D movement D clear D higher D determine

D education D during D service

11. A moderate 12. A ignore 13. A examination 14. A before 15. A marriage

C movement

C without C residence

运动的年轻人智商更高

瑞典歌德堡大学健康科学研究院和该校校医院的一项最新研究表明，身体健康的年轻人智商更高，进入大学学习的可能性也更高。

研究结果发表在美国国家科学院学报上。这项研究的取样样本是1950-1976年入伍的120万

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新兵。这些新兵报到时接受了体能测试和智能测试，研究人员对这两类测试数据进行了分析。 研究表明，健康的体能和优秀的只能测试结果之间的联系很明显。最突出的就是科学思维和语言理解能力与身体健康有关。但是智商测试结果中只是健康在起作用，而与力量无关。―身体健康是指，一个人心肺功能好，能将充分的氧气源源不断地输入给大脑，‖瑞典歌德堡大学健康科学研究院教授和瑞典歌德堡大学健康科学研究院校医院首席内科医师Michael Nilsson如是说，―也许这就是为什么智商测试结果与健康之间存在明显联系，而与肌肉力量无关的原因之一。我们还发现生长因子也很重要。‖

通过研究双胞胎的数据，研究人员可以得出结论，智商差异来自后天的环境因素而不是先天的基因，身体健康，智商越高。

―我们还发现，在15-18岁之间加强身体锻炼的青少年往往认知能力也较强，‖瑞典歌德堡大学健康科学研究院研究员，Aby健康中心医师Maria Aberg说，―倘若情况果然如此，那么体育应成为学校中重要的一门学科，而且如果我们想要学好数学和其他理论学科，体育课是非常有必要的。‖

研究人员还将新兵服兵役入伍报到时的体格测试和智商测试的结果与他们后来生活中的 社会经济地位进行了比较。那些18岁时身体健康的人学历更高，很多都能胜任高要求的工作。 卫生类---C级

Influenza

Influenza has been with us a long time. According __1__some Greek writers on medical history, the outbreak of 412 B.C. was of influenza. The same has been suggested of the sickness that swept through the Greek army __2__Syracuse in 395 B.C. Flu is a disease that moves most quickly among people __3__in crowded conditions, hence, it is likely to attack armies.

During the nineteenth century there were five widespread __4__of influenza.The last of the five __5__in 1889 and marked the beginning of the story of influenza in our time. Like the recent outbreak, __6__started in Asia.

For more than forty years before that outbreak, influenza had steadily __7__and was believed to be dying out. A new group of outbreaks was introduced by the great outbreak of 1889-1890 and for the next quarter of a century flu __8__a constant threat.

In April 918 flu broke among American troops stationed in France. It quickly spread through all the armies but caused relatively __9__deaths. Four months later, __10__, a second outbreak started which proved to be a killer. It killed not only the old and already sick but also __11__young adults. It went through every country in the world, only a few distant islands in the South Atlantic and the Pacific remaining __12__. It brought the life of whole countries __13__, food supplies stopped and work loss was very great. Before th great outbreak ended, it __14__at least 15 million people. Thereafter there have been several great outbreaks throughout the world. It is thus __15__that influenza is a terrible infection that we have to pay more attention to. 1. A at B to C in D from

2. A being attacked B having been attacked C attacked D attacking 3. A sitting B standing C living D appearing

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4. A outbreaks B incidents C accidents D cases 5. A changed B happened C arise Ddescend

6. A it B they C which D those

7. A enlarged B strengthened C decreased D increased 8. A was no longer B went out of C ceased to be D remained 9. A few B many C countless D innumerable

10. A in addition B however C therefore D moreover 11. A weak B disabled C sick D healthy

12. A touching B touched C untouched D having touched 13. A stop B stopping C stopped D to stop

14. A killed B has killed C had killed D has been killing 15. A clear B strange C uncertain D questionable

流行性感冒

流行性感冒在人类历史中出现的时间很长了。根据一些希腊作家关于医学历史的记载，公元前412年流行性感冒曾大爆发。这让人联想到公元前395年流感席卷了正在攻打意大利叙拉古的希腊军队。流行性感冒在群聚人群中传播最快，因此极易在军队中传播。

19世纪全球爆发了5次大规模的流行性感冒。这5次大爆发中的最后一次发生在1889年，它标志着现代流感的开始。像最近一次大爆发一样，它起源于亚洲。

在那次大爆发之前40多年的时间里，流感疫情本来在不断地减少，人们认为这种疫情正在消失。然而，1889-1890年的流感大爆发又引起了新一轮的疫情暴发，在此后四分之一世纪的时间内，流感的威胁仍然经常不断。

1919年，美国驻法国军队爆发流感并很快席卷了整个军队，但死亡相对要少。然而，4个月之后又爆发了第二次流感，这一次可是一个真正的杀手。这次疫情不但夺取了年老病弱者的生病，连健康的年轻人也未能幸免。全球每个国家都遭到疫情袭击，只有处于南大西洋和太平洋的几个岛屿幸免于难。这次疫情使各个国家的正常生活被迫中断。食品供应停止，失业严重。在结束之前，这次大爆发已经造成了最少1,500万人死亡。显而易见，流感是一种可怕的传染病，我们应该给予足够的重视。 卫生类---B级

Exercise

Whether or not exercise adds__1__the length of life, it is common experience that a certain__2__of regular exercise improves the health and contributes a feeling of well-being. Furthermore, exerise__3__involves play and recreation, and relieves nervous tension and mental fatigue in so doing, is not only pleasant but beneficial.

How much and what kind of exercise one should__4__merits careful consideration.The growing child and the normal young man and young woman thrill with the exhilaration of strenuous sports. They fatigue to the__5__of exhaustion but recover promptly with a period of rest. But not so with__6__of middle age and beyond. For them moderation is __7__vital importance. Just how much exercise a person of a given age can safely take is question__8__to answer. Individual variability

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is__9__great to permit of generalization. A game of tennis may be perfectly safe for one person of forty but folly for another. The sage limit for exercise__10__on the condition of the heart, the condition of the muscles, the type of exercise, and the regularity with which it is taken. Two general suggestions, however, will__11__ as sound advice for anyone. The first is that the condition of the heart and general health should be__12__periodically by careful, thorough physical examinations. The __13__is that exercise should be kept below the point of physical exhaustion.

What type of exercise one should__14__depens upon one’s physical condition. Young people can safely enjoy vigorous competitive sports, but most older persons do better to limit themselves to less strenuous activities. Walking, swimming, skating are among the sports that one can enjoy and safely participate__15__throughout life. Regularity is important if one is to get the most enjoyment and benefit out of exercise.

1.A for B to C at D of

2.A heaviness B highness C amount D number 3. A which B where C when D why 4. A carry B make C bring D take 5. A point B place C left D reverse 6. A these B this C those D that 7. A against B below C on D of

8. A easy B hard C impossible D unnecessary 9. A very B too C constantly D considerably 10. A depends B bases C acts D carries 11. A refer B regard C serve D treat

12. A delayed B defended C designed D determined 13. A other B another C one D same 14. A endure B choose C rebuild D produce 15. A with B from C in D on

体育运动

不论体育运动是否能延长人的寿命，人们普遍认为，适量而有规律的体育运动可以增强体质，并使人愉悦。另外，体育运动及玩乐和消遣于一体，可以使人放松紧张情绪，缓解精神疲劳。因此，做运动一举两得：既能放松，有有益于身心健康。

一个人适合做什么样的体育运动，运动强度如何？这些问题值得人们注意。发育中的儿童和一般的青年男女都会因紧张剧烈的运动而激动不已。即使累得筋疲力尽，他们也能在一段休息之后很快恢复体力。但是中年及中年以上的人就做不到。对这些人来说，运动适度是很重要的。不同年龄的人从事多少运动是一个难以回答的问题。个人的差异太大，无法一概而论。某种网球运动可能对于某个40岁的人来说是安全的，但对于另一个人来说却不合适。运动的安全范围取决于认得心脏状况、肌肉状况、运动类型以及进行运动的规律性。但是下面两个一般性建议适合所有人。一个建议是应该定期进行细致的体检，查看心脏情况和总体体质。另一个建议是运动强度要适度，不应使人筋疲力尽。

一个人选择哪种类型的运动取决于他的体质。年轻人可以放心地参加有力度的竞技性运动，但大多数老年人最好还是把自己的活动限制在不太剧烈的程度之内。散步、游泳和滑冰是人们喜

27

欢的运动并且各个年龄段的人都可以参加。任何人想从体育运动中获得最大的乐趣和益处，那么有规律就很重要了。

Food Safety and Foodborne Illness

Food safety is an increasingly important public health issue. Governments all over world are intensifying their efforts to improve food safety. These efforts are in response__1__an increasing number of food safety problems and __2__consumer concerns.

Foodborne illnesses are__3__as diseases, usually either infectious or toxic in nature, caused by agents that enter the body through the ingestion of food. Every person is__4__risk of foodborne illness.

Foodborne diseases are a widespread and growing public health problem, both in developed__5__developing countries. The global__6__of foodborne disease is difficult to estimate, but it has been reported that in 2005__7__8 million people died from diarrhoeal diseases. A great__8__of these cases can be attributed to contamination of food and drinking water. __9__, diarrhoea is a major cause of malnutrition in infants and young children.

Industrialized countries, the percentage of the population suffering from foodborne diseases each year has been reported to be 10 __10__30%. In the United States of America (USA), for example, around 76 million cases of foodborne diseases, __11__325,000 hospitalizations and 5,000 deaths, are estimated to occur each year.

While less well documented, developing countries bear the brunt of the problem due to the presence of a wide__12__of foodborne diseases, including those caused by parasites. The high__13__of diarrhoeal diseases in many developing countries suggests major underlying food safety problems.

In parternership__14__other stakeholders, WHO is developing policies that will further promote the safety of food. Theses policies cover the entire food chain from production to consumption and will__15__different types of expertise.

1.A to B against C with D towards 2.A raising B arising C rising D rosen 3. A declared B defined C derived D demanded 4. A with B within C at D in 5. A or B with C of D and

6. A incident B incidence C accident D instance 7. A lonely B alone C alonely D lone 8. A size B position C proportion D amount

9. A Nevertheless B However C Whatever D Additionally 10. A up to B down to C up towards D down towards

11. A resulting from B resulting in C resulted from D resulted in 12. A range B distance C order D arrangement

13. A prevailing B spreading C prevalent D prevalence 14. A of B for C from D with

15. A make use of B take use of C make use D take use

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食品安全与食源性疾病

食品安全正在成为一个越来越重要的公众健康问题。世界各国政府都在努力加强管理，提高食品安全性。这些努力主要是对越来越多的食品安全问题以及消费者越来越多的担忧作出的反应。

食源性疾病被定义成这样一种疾病：通常在本质上既不传染，也不是中毒，而是致病因子通过人们摄入体内的食物引起的一种疾病。每个人都有得食源性疾病的危险。

不管是在发达国家还是在发展中国家，食源性疾病都是一种普遍存在的公众健康问题，并且越来越严重。食源性疾病在全球的发病率很难估计，但据报道，仅2005年就有800万人死于食源性疾病。相当多的这种病例可以归因于食物和饮用水的污染，而且腹泻是幼儿和儿童营养不良的一大主因。

据报道，在工业化国家，每年患有食源性疾病的人口比例从10%到30%不等。以美国为例，每年大约有7,000万例左右食源性疾病患者，造成约325,000例住院治疗，5,000例死亡。 虽然文献资料还不多，但发展中国家是各种食源性疾病，包括由寄生虫引发的疾病等首当其冲的受害者。许多发展中国家腹泻疾病发病率很高，这就说明了潜在的严重食品安全问题。 与其它机构一起，WHO在不断制定能进一步提高食品安全的政策，这些政策涵盖了从生产到消费整个食品链，并将充分利用各种专业知识。 卫生类---A级

Pandemic H1N1 2009

The most active areas of pandemic influenza transmission currently are in central and eastern Europe. Focal increases in rates during recent weeks were reported in at least two astern European countries. A high intensity of respiratory diseases activity__1__concurrent circulation of pandemic influenza still__2__parts of southern and eastern Europe, __3__in Greece, Poland, and Ukraine. In Western Europe, influenza__4__remains active and widespread, but overall disease activity has peaked. All influenza viruses in Western Europe were pandemic H1N1 2009, however, very small__5__of seasonal influenza viruses, covering less than 1% of all influenza viruses__6__, were reported in Russia. __7__, limited available data indicate that active, high intensity transmission is occurring in Northern African countries__8__the Mediterranean coast.

In Central Asia, limited data__9__that influenza virus circulation remains active, but transmission may have recently peaked in some places. In West Asia, Israel, Iran, and Iraq also appear__10__their peak period of transmission within the past month, though__11__areas continue to have some active transmission and levels of respiratory disease activity have not yet returned to baseline levels. In East Asia, influenza transmission remains active but appears to be __12__overall. __13__increase in ILI were reported in Mongolia after weeks of declining activity following a large peak of activity over one month ago.

In North America, influenza transmission__14__widespread but has declined quickly in all countries. In the tropical regions of Central and South America and the Caribbean, influenza transmission remains geographically widespread but overall disease activity has been declining ot remains unchanged in most parts, __15__focal increases in respiratory disease activity in a few

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countries.

1.A of B with C for Din

2.A remains of B keeps C exists in D develops 3. A particularly B usually C exactly D completely 4. A transport B transmission C development D occurrence 5. A amounts B counts C calculations D numbers 6. A to find B finding C finds D found

7. A However B Nevertheless C But D In addition 8. A along B on C at D around

9. A advise B propose C suggest D recommend 10. A to pass B passing C to have passed D passed 11. A both B all C none D neither

12. A declining B reducing C below D under 13. A Little B Big C Slight D Great

14. A reduces B remains C increases D prevents 15. A apart from B beside C besides D except for

2009年甲型H1N1流感大流行

近日，欧洲中部及东部成为流感传染最为活跃的地区。近几周来，在欧洲东部至少有两个以上的国家被报传染率急速攀升。在欧洲东南部，尤其是希腊、波兰及乌克兰等地，严重的呼吸系统疾病伴随着传染同时发生。

在欧洲西部，尽管流感仍在广泛但已出现下降趋势。根据来自俄罗斯的报道，这些传染多由H1N1型病毒引发，只有不到1%是由季节流感病毒引起的。该报道还指出，根据有限的数据显示，地中海沿岸的北非地区现在正为流感高发地带。

在亚洲中部地区，根据有限的数据表明虽然流感病毒传播仍然十分活跃，但是在部分地区已呈现下滑迹象。在西亚的以色列、伊朗及伊拉克地区，过去的一个月已经摆脱最高峰值开始下降。但中亚和西亚这两个地区的病毒传播仍然比较活跃，呼吸系统疾病的发病数仍没有降到基线以下。东亚地区的传播速度也出现了明显的下滑。只有蒙古在数周前有峰值逐步下滑后出现了小幅度的回升。

在北美地区，流感传染依旧泛滥，但已经开始出现快速下滑趋势。在中、南美洲的热带地区，以及加勒比海地区，流感传播仍然活跃，但总体上已经得到控制并且开始好转，只有少数几个国家的呼吸系统疾病发病率仍呈上升趋势。 综合 C级 B级 A级 文章名称 Why People Use Pseudonyms Sport or Spectacle? Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred Years C A D B A 参考答案

答案 C D B B A D A B A C C A B D B A D B C B D A C B A A B D B D A C B C A C D A C B 30

理工 C级 B级 A级 卫生 C级 B级 A级

文章名称 Influenza Exercise Food Safety and Foodborne Illness Pandemic H1N1 2009 B D C A B B C A D A A C B C D 答案 A C D A B C D B B A B B C D A D C D C A C D A B C B A D D A Universe? Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in teens Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores 文章名称 What Is the Coolest Gas in the B B A D C 答案 D C A B A D B D C A B C B A D C A C D A B C B D D C D B A C A C B C A D B D D B B C A B D D D A C C A A C B D 31

理工 C级 B级 A级 卫生 C级 B级 A级

文章名称 Influenza Exercise Food Safety and Foodborne Illness Pandemic H1N1 2009 B D C A B B C A D A A C B C D 答案 A C D A B C D B B A B B C D A D C D C A C D A B C B A D D A Universe? Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in teens Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores 文章名称 What Is the Coolest Gas in the B B A D C 答案 D C A B A D B D C A B C B A D C A C D A B C B D D C D B A C A C B C A D B D D B B C A B D D D A C C A A C B D 31

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