高中人教版英语选修8教学案：Unit 2 Section Ⅰ Warming Up Reading — Pre-reading(含答案)

Have you ever wished you could have a clone of yourself to do your homework while you went out to play with your friends? Imagine if you could really do that, where would you start?

What exactly is cloning?

Cloning is a way of making an organism (有机体) that is an exact genetic (基因的) copy of another. This means that every single bit of DNA is the same between the two!

You might not believe it, but there are human clones among us right now. They weren't made in a lab, though. They're identical (同样的) twins, created naturally. Below, we'll see how natural identical twins relate to modern cloning technologies.

How is cloning done?

You may have first heard of cloning when Dolly the sheep showed up on the scene in 1997. Cloning technologies have been around for much longer than Dolly, though.

How does one go about making an exact genetic copy of an organism? There are a couple of ways to do this：artificial embryo twinning (人工胚胎双生) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (体细胞核移植). How do these processes differ?

1．Artificial Embryo Twinning

Artificial embryo twinning is the relatively low-tech version of cloning. As the name suggests, this technology mimics the natural process of creating identical twins.

2．Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), uses an approach different from artificial embryo twinning, but it produces the same result: an exact clone，or a genetic copy, of another. This was the method used to create Dolly the sheep.

Section_

ⅠWarming Up & Reading — Pre-reading [原文呈现] [读文清障]

CLONING：WHERE IS IT LEADING

US?

Cloning has always been with us and is here to stay. It is a way of making an exact①copy of② another animal or plant. It happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings③from growing plants to make new ones. It also happens in animals when twins④identical⑤in sex and appearance are produced from the

①exact/Iɡ'zækt/adj.精确的；准确的

②make a copy of (＝copy)复制

of making ...作way的定语。

③cutting/'k?tI?/n.剪枝；剪报；剪纸

④twin/twIn/n.双胞胎之一；孪生儿之一adj.成对的；成双的

⑤identical/aI'dentIkl/adj.同一的；一模一样的

⑥The fact is that ...中，that引导表

same original egg. The fact is that these are both examples of natural clones ⑥.

语从句。

Cloning has two major uses. Firstly, gardeners use it

all the time ⑦ to produce

commercial ⑧ quantities of ⑨ plants.

Secondly, it is valuable for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals. Cloning plants is straightforward ⑩while ? cloning animals is very complicated ?. It is a difficult task to undertake ?. Many attempts to clone

mammals ? failed. But at last ? the

determination and patience of the scientists

paid off ? in 1996 with a breakthrough ? —

the cloning of Dolly the sheep. The procedure ? works like this ：

1 Female sheep A provides an egg

cell.

2 The nucleus ? is removed from ?

the egg cell.

3 The egg cell is ready for a new

nucleus. 4 Female sheep B provides a ⑦all the time 一直 ⑧commercial /k ?'m ???l/adj .商业的；贸易的 ⑨quantities of “大量的”；修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词

⑩straightforward /?streIt'f??w?d/adj .简单的；直接的；坦率的 ?while 在此表示“而；却”，是并列连词，表对比关系。 ?complicated /'k ?mplIkeItId/adj .复杂的；难懂的 ?undertake /??nd ?'teIk/v t .(undertook; undertaken)着手；从事；承担

不定式短语to undertake 作定语，修饰task 。

?不定式短语to clone mammals 作定语，修

饰attempts 。

?Firstly ... Secondly ... But at last ... “首

先……其次……最后……”，表示论述顺序。

?pay off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清 ?breakthrough /'breIkθru?/n .突破 ?procedure /pr ?'si?d??/n .程序；步骤；手续 ?nucleus /'nju?klI?s/n .原子核；中心 ?remove ... from ... 将……从……移走 ○

21somatic /s ??'mætIk/adj .躯体的；肉体的；细胞体的

somatic○21cell for the clone. The nucleus of this cell contains all the genes needed to produce a new sheep○22.

5The nucleus is taken out of the somatic cell.

6The nucleus from sheep B and the egg cell from sheep A are joined using electricity○23.

7The cell divides and grows into an embryo○24.

8The embryo is put into female sheep C, who becomes the carrier○25of the clone○26.

9The lamb is the clone of the donated○27cell from Sheep B which provided the nucleus○28.

○22过去分词短语needed to ...作定语，修饰genes。

○23现在分词短语using electricity作方式状语。

○24embryo/'embrI??/n.胚；胚胎；萌芽时期○25carrier/'kærI?/n.携带者；搬运工；运输工具

○26who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词female sheep C。

○27donate v t.捐赠；捐献

○28which引导定语从句，修饰Sheep B。

On the one hand○29，the whole scientific world followed the progress of the first successful clone, Dolly the sheep. The fact that she seemed to develop normally○30was very encouraging. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill○31. Cloning scientists were castdown○32to find that Dolly's illnesses were more appropriate to○33 a much older animal. Altogether○34 Dolly lived six and a half years, half the length of the life of the original sheep. Sadly the same arbitrary○35fate○36affected other species, such as cloned mice. The questions that concerned all scientists○37were：“Would this be a major difficulty for all cloned animals? Would it happen forever? Could it be solved if corrections○38were made in their research procedure？”,○29On the one hand ... On the other hand ...一方面……，另一方面……

○30that she seemed to develop normally是fact的同位语。

○31Then came the disturbing news that ...中，then位于句首引起完全倒装。本句中的news与that Dolly had become seriously ill是同位关系。

○32cast/kɑ?st/v t.(cast，cast)扔；投；掷

cast down使失望；使沮丧

○33be appropriate to 适合于……的；与……相称的

○34altogether/???lt?'ɡeð?/ad v.总共；完全地

○35arbitrary/'ɑ?bItr?rI/adj.任意的

○36fate/feIt/n.命运；天命

○37that引导的定语从句，修饰the questions。

○38correction/k?'rek?n/n.改正；纠正；修正

Although at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research○45 are difficult to obtain○46，newspapers wrote of○47evil leaders hoping to clone themselves to attain○48their ambitions○49. Religious leaders also raised moral○50 questions. Governments became nervous and more conservative○51. Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade○52 research into human cloning, but other countries like China and the UK, continued to accumulate○53evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide○54. However, scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where○55 it is leading us.

○45过去分词短语needed for cloning research作定语，修饰human egg cells and embryos。

○46obtain/?b'teIn/v t.获得；赢得○47write of 描写，论及

○48attain/?'teIn/v t.获得；到达(水平、年龄、状况等)

○49现在分词短语hoping to clone themselves ...作定语，修饰evil leaders。

○50moral/'m?r?l/adj.道德(上)的；伦理的○51conservative/k?n's??v?tIv/adj.保守的；守旧的

○52forbid/f?'bId/v t.(forbade, forbad; forbidden)禁止；不准

○53accumulate/?'kju?mj?leIt/v t.&v i.积累；聚积

○54that cloning could provide是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词medical aid。that在从句中作provide的宾语。

○55whether和where分别引导宾语从句，均

作wonder的宾语。

Please match the words with their proper meanings.

1．commercial A．a way of doing sth., especially the correct or usual way

2．undertake B．related to business and the buying and selling of goods and services

3．breakthrough C．agree to do something

4．procedure D．concerning principles of right and

wrong behavior

5．altogether E．an important new discovery in sth. you are studying

6．object F．to get gradually more over a period of time

7．moral G．completely; thoroughly

8．accumulate H．to feel or say that you oppose it or disapprove of it

9．obtain I．a change that makes sth. more accurate than it was before

10．correction J．get something that you want

答案：1～5BCEAG6～10HDFJI

Lead-in

1．Can you find anything in common from the two pictures below? Do you know why they look alike?

参考答案：The_two_dogs_are_alike_and_the_two_babies_are_also_alike.

They_are_examples_of_cloning._They_are_born_almost_at_the_same_time_by_the_sa me_mother.

2．Are the following clones the same? If not, what is the difference?

参考答案：No,_they_are_not_the_same._The_first_two_are_natural_clones,_the_rest_two _are_man-made_clones.

3．What do you know about Dolly the sheep?

参考答案：Dolly_the_sheep_was_the_first_mammal_to_have_been_successfully

_cloned_from_an_adult_cell._She_was_cloned_at_the_Roslin_Institute_in_Scotland_an d_lived_there_until_her_death_when_she_was_6.5._Her_birth_was_announced_on_5th_Jul y,_1996.

Fast-reading

Skim the text and choose the best answers.

1．Match the main idea of each paragraph.

(1)Para. 1A．The major uses and procedures of cloning

(2)Para. 2 B．The definition of cloning

(3)Para. 3 C．People's reaction to cloning

(4)Para. 4 D．The problems of Dolly

(5)Para. 5 E．The effect of Dolly

答案：(1)～(5)BADEC

2．What's the main idea of the text?

A．Animal cloning is very valuable and can benefit the world.

B．Animal cloning could be misused by bad people so it must be forbidden.

C．Animal cloning is well developed because Dolly the sheep was born.

D．Animal cloning raised arguments and scientists are not sure about its future.

答案：D

Careful-reading

(Ⅰ)Give a right order of cloning Dolly's procedure.

1．The cell divides and grows into an embryo.

2．The lamb is the clone of the donated cell from Sheep B.

3．A nucleus is taken out of sheep B's somatic cell.

4．The embryo is put into female sheep C.

5．The egg cell from sheep A and the nucleus from sheep B are joined using electricity. 6．The egg cell from sheep A is removed a nucleus.

答案：6—3—5—1—4—2

(Ⅱ)True (T) or False (F)．

1．Cloning means making a copy of an animal or a plant.__F__

2．Dolly the sheep was not the first successful clone of a mammal.__F__ 3．Religious leaders objected to cloning human beings.__T__

4．Clone can be from both natural clone and man-made clone.__T__

(Ⅲ)Read the text and choose the best answers.

1．Which of the following statements about cloning is NOT true according to the text? A．Cloning is something that has been developed quite recently.

B．Twins that look exactly the same are originally from the same egg.

C．Cloning is used by gardeners to make more money.

D．Animal cloning is much more difficult than plant cloning.

2．The procedure of the cloning of Dolly the sheep is concerned about ________ sheep. A．1B．2

C．3 D．4

3．The sheep that donated the somatic cell most probably lived ________ years.

A．3 B．6

C．9 D．12

4．The lamb is the clone of the cell from sheep B because ________.

A．it provides the egg cell B．it gives birth to the lamb

C．it provides the nucleus D．it is a female sheep

5．We can infer from the last three paragraphs that ________.

A．the normal development of Dolly had no effect on the cloning of other species

B．Dolly's serious disease and final death disturbed the whole world

C．Dolly successfully cloned a new lamb with the help of cloning scientists

D．there were arguments about animal cloning and concerns about the future of cloning 6．What about the writer's attitude towards cloning in the text?

A．The writer is against cloning.

B．The writer is in favour of cloning.

C．The writer does not state any personal opinion about cloning.

D．The writer is in agreement about cloning.

答案：1～6ACDCDC

Study-reading

Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.

1．It also happens in animals when twins identical in sex and appearance are produced from the same original egg.

[句式分析]

[尝试翻译]这种现象也发生在动物身上，从同一个原生卵子产生性别和相貌相同的双胞胎也是克隆。

2．Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very complicated.

[句式分析]Cloning plants和cloning animals在句中都充当主从句的主语；while意为“而，然而，却”，是并列连词在句中起对比、比较的作用。

[尝试翻译]克隆植物简单，但克隆动物就非常复杂了。

3．Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.

[句式分析]

[尝试翻译]接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。

4．Although at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research are difficult to obtain, newspapers wrote of evil leaders hoping to clone themselves to attain their ambitions.

[句式分析]

[尝试翻译]尽管目前供克隆研究的人类卵细胞和胚胎很难获得，报纸上报道说，有些邪恶的头目希望把自己克隆出来以实现他们的野心。

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

Authors Kyle Kurpinski and Terry D．Johnson pretty much have me convinced that human cloning is quite possible and is a future certainty. Kurpinski and Johnson are both bioengineering experts; unlike similar scientists you have seen in the movies, they both have a sense of humor. What surprises me is that Kurpinski and Johnson are able to take something as complicated as DNA and make it understandable.

The book Ho w toDefeatYourO w nClone teaches us what is now

known as DNA-encoded (编码), how that happens, and why people with

similar DNA don't look or act the same. The book not only helps us get a

basic understanding of what DNA and its purpose are, but also

explains cloning and stem cell (干细胞) research. It occurs to me that a

lot of people who are against stem cell research don't know what they

are protesting about. The authors provide a history of cloning, as well as

information about stem cells.

The real fun starts when the authors attack various myths about cloning. Obviously, too many people have been watching too many bad movies and television programs. Remember they're just fictional stories. If, somehow, scientists manage to clone you. Twenty years from now your clone isn't going to kill you. Among the myths explored and exploded are that a clone will know everything you know and will act as you do, that heads which are cut off can be kept alive, and that a clone has no belly button (肚脐). Many of the myths are ridiculous but many people believe them.

Kurpinski and Johnson also detail some bio­improvements “that really work”. You see, genes can be controlled to help you sleep better and become smarter, healthier, and taller. Well ... not exactly you, but future generations.

If you do wind up in a battle with your own clone, who will be considerably younger than you, remember that it is not you and that it doesn't know what you know.

语篇解读：本文介绍了一本关于克隆知识的书。

1．Many bioengineering experts in movies are ________.

A．humorous B．wealthy

C．serious D．crazy

解析：选C推理判断题。从第一段的“unlike similar scientists you have seen in the movies, they both have a sense of humor”可知电影中的生物工程学家一般都是没有幽默感的。

2．Which of the following things are in the book Ho w toDefeatYourO w nClone?

a．What DNA and its purpose are.

b．Who is against cloning.

c．The history of cloning.

d．The myths about cloning.

e．The disadvantages of cloning.

A．a，b，e B．a，c，d

C．b，d，e D．b，c，d

解析：选B细节理解题。从第二段的“The book not only helps us get a basic understanding of what DNA and its purpose are ... The authors provide a history of cloning ...”及第三段的“The real fun starts when the authors attack various myths about cloning.”可知答案。

3．We can learn from the passage that biotechnology ________.

A．has been banned in many countries around the world

B．is being used to improve one's intelligence right now

C．can help improve the physical condition of future generations

D．is sure to cure any disease in the near future

解析：选C推理判断题。从第四段的“genes can be controlled to help you sleep better and become smarter, healthier, and taller. Well ... not exactly you, but future generations”可知C项正确。

4．According to the passage, a clone of you ________.

A．will want to kill you

B．knows whatever you know

C．has no belly button

D．will be younger than you

解析：选D细节理解题。从最后一段的“who will be considerably younger than you”可知D项正确。

B

Mekong River Cruise Tour

Day 1: Saigon — Cai Be — My Tho

07：00 AM: Gather round at the hotel in Saigon and then go to Cai Be.

10：00 AM: Arrive at Cai Be and then explore the lively Cai Be floating market in the morning by motorboat. Visit a handicraft village of the local people on foot and taste various tropical fruits. Continue by boat to Mekong Lodge — an eco-resort Mekong Lodge including 29 private pretty houses and River View Restaurant, stretched in an area of more than 10,000 m2. It lies just beside the Tien River. Visit Mekong Lodge and walk around this area to see the local people who are doing daily activities and preparing lunch for their families. Lunch is served on board.

After lunch, leave Cai Be for My Tho on Ngu Hiep Island.

02：30 PM: Arrive at Ngu Hiep Island. Enjoy a biking or walking tour on this island seeing the local people's daily life. Cruise down the Mekong River while enjoying the beautiful scenery and enjoy the beautiful sunset on the Tien River. Dinner and overnight on board between Ngu Hiep Island and My Tho.

Day 2: My Tho — Saigon

In the morning, the noise of the boats wakes you up. Watch the daily life of the local people who live on both sides of the Mekong River, and have breakfast on board. Continue cruising to My Tho. After breakfast, check out luggage to a small motorboat to explore one of the islands in My Tho. The guests can walk through the island, trying native fruits, viewing local handicraft production and meeting the local people. Drive to a restaurant in My Tho. Lunch there.

After lunch, visit Vinh Trang Pagoda. The monks here provide a home to orphans, disabled and other needy children. The pagoda is about 1 km from the city center. There are many precious statues made of wood inside the pagoda.

Leave My Tho and return to Saigon. Transfer to hotel.

语篇解读：本文介绍了一个乘船旅行的行程安排。

5．What will guests do first after arriving at Cai Be?

A．Explore a river.

B．Visit a local market.

C．Taste various tropical fruits.

D．Go around a handicraft village.

解析：选B细节理解题。根据第一天行程“10：00 AM: Arrive at Cai Be and then explore the lively Cai Be floating market in the morning by motorboat.”可知，游客到达Cai Be后，首先参观一个当地的市场。

6．When visiting Mekong Lodge, guests will ________.

A．learn to drive a motorboat

B．look at some pretty houses

C．have lunch with the locals

D．join the locals' daily activities

解析：选B细节理解题。根据第一天行程“an eco-resort Mekong Lodge including 29 private pretty houses”可知，他们在那里会看一些漂亮的房子。

7．Where will guests have lunch on the second day?

A．At a local restaurant.

B．In the wild.

C．At a resident's house.

D．On a boat.

解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二天行程“Drive to a restaurant in My Tho. Lunch there.”可知应选A项。

C

I had a great time this summer visiting Stone Mountain Park in Georgia with my twin grandsons. I had the opportunity to spend the day with them seeing the various sights and attractions. One thing that my grandsons had really wanted to do was climb to the top of Stone Mountain. It isn't a very high mountain and fortunately has walking trails to the top, but for two 5-year-olds, along with their grandpa, it's a formidable task.

Since my grandsons' enthusiasm was much greater than mine, I decided to start the slow walk up the mountain. I reminded myself that it took 3 of their steps to equal 1 of mine, so I found myself walking ahead of them, then having to stop and let them catch up, over and over again.

I was tired, just wanting to get to the top of the mountain so I could rest well before starting my way back. I learned early on during our walk that this wasn't going to be the case. We had to stop and look at every large rock with someone's name carved in it. We looked at unusual plant formations. We examined large trees and we explored small rock overhangs that reminded the kids of caves. My grandsons viewed the walk as an exciting adventure. Climbing the mountain was a trial to me, but my grandsons were not focused at all on the trial of climbing the mountain; they were simply enjoying the journey of the walk.

I know when I face a trial in life, I tend to always think of the problem. I want the trial to be over quickly and let life get back to normal. But with that attitude, what can I learn during the course of a trial? At some point, the trial will be over and I'll be joyous for sure.

However, the real joy shouldn't be about the end of the trial, but what I learned during the journey.

语篇解读：生活中遇到考验时，我们要从中学到东西，要学会享受过程。

8．The underlined word “formidable” in Paragraph 1 probably means ________.

A．meaningful B．difficult

C．urgent D．strange

解析：选B词义猜测题。由该词所在的第一段前面语句的意思可知，石山虽然不是特别高，而且还有步行道直通山顶，但是对于两个五岁的孩子和他们的爷爷来说，这是一个艰巨的任务。由此可推知画线词formidable在此应该意为“艰巨的”。

9．The author only wanted to reach the mountain top to ________.

A．have a good rest

B．get a better view

C．look at unusual plants

D．see large rocks carved with names

解析：选A细节理解题。根据第三段中的第一句“I was tired, just wanting to get to the top of the mountain so I could rest well before starting my way back.”可知，作者只想到达山顶后好好休息一下。

10．In the author's opinion, what makes him really joyous about the trial?

A．Its being over.

B．Facing it bravely.

C．What he learned from it.

D．Its making life more challenging.

解析：选C细节理解题。根据最后一段内容“However, the real joy shouldn't be about the end of the trial, but what I learned during the journey.”可知答案。

11．What would be the best title for the text?

A．Educating kids about trials

B．Learning to enjoy the journey

C．Mountain climbing benefits health

D．Grandsons' happiness stays with me

解析：选B标题归纳题。作者通过描述与孙子爬山的经历告诉读者：生活中遇到考验时，要从中学到东西，要学会享受过程，故选B项。

Ⅱ.阅读七选五

Work-Life Balance

Many articles are focused on the importance of work-life balance. Below are some suggestions mentioned frequently.

Decide on priorities (优先的事物). __1__ You do not need to do everything in one night.

Prioritize what needs to be done early in the week and what can be done later. If you are focusing on a few projects, you will do a better job on each assignment.

Don't be an over-achiever. Being an all-around person is good. However, you do not need to be the captain of the football team, the lead in each activity and the employee of the month. __2__ And at the same time get your work done and have time to relax or hang out with friends.

__3__ If there's an activity that no longer brings you joy, think about whether you really want to continue pursuing it. It's hard to let go of something you've invested in for years, but if it has become a burden with little return for you, it's time to give it up.

Take care of yourself. __4__ Do not sacrifice (牺牲) your health because you are too busy to take care of yourself. A combination of a healthy diet, regular exercise and plenty of sleep helps you relieve stress.

Schedule time for relaxation. Set aside half an hour a day to do something that just makes you feel good. Read a book or a favorite magazine, take a walk or ride your bike. __5__

A．Give up if necessary.

B．Make a considerate plan in advance.

C．Decide what is the most important and what needs to be done first.

D．Choose one or two things that you really enjoy and do it or them well.

E．Have a balanced and healthy diet, exercise regularly and get enough sleep.

F．Set goals that you can see yourself achieving within a certain period of time.

G．The time that you take for yourself will help you focus when you finish your work.

语篇解读：本文是说明文。主要就如何平衡工作与生活提出了几点建议。

1．选C本选项是对本段主旨句的解释说明。本句意为：决定什么是最重要的事以及什么是应该首先要做的事，故选C。

2．选D本选项承接上一句，从正面说明要选择一两项你喜欢做的事并尽力做好，与本段的主旨“Don't be an over-achiever.”相对应，故选D。

3．选A本段两个条件句都表达了在必要的时候应该放弃，故选A。

4．选E本选项是对本段主旨句的展开陈述。说明要从哪些方面照顾好自己，与本段的最后一句相对应，故选E。

5．选G本选项接着前两句说明给自己留出休闲放松时间的好处，故选G。

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