研究生英语模拟题（附答案）(4)

Vocabulary( 10 minutes, 10 points) Section A (0. 5 point each)

Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has one word or a set of words underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on your Answer Sheet.

The winner was deprived of his gold medal because he was found to have taken stimulants before the race. 16

A. was substituted by B. was taken off C. was deprived of D. was accused of 正确答案：C 注释:

获胜者被剥夺金牌，因为他授发现赛前使用了兴奋剂。take off起飞，脱下(衣服)；deprive．．．of．．． 剥夺；be substituted by被代替；was accused of被指控。

The army launched a major assault against the rebel army and many citizens joined the army. 17

A. attack B. calamity C. campaign D. movement 正确答案：A 注释:

assault与attack都有“攻击，反击”的意思。movement运动，活动；campaign战役；calamity灾难。

Because Charles had forgotten his key, he was locked out. 18

A. uncertain B. unable to in

C. unaware of the time D. in the cloud 正确答案：B

注释:unable to in与lock out同为“把……关在外面”。uncertain无常的，不确定的；in the cloud在云中； unaware of the time忽路7对舟。

His behavior had been perturbing me more than had cared to admit. 19

A. scaring B. insulting C. consoling D. troubling 正确答案：D

注释:perturb与trouble同为“烦扰”之意。console安慰；insult侮辱；scar结疤。 Lighting levels are carefully controlled to fall within an acceptable level for optimal reading convenience. 20

A. ideal B. optional C. required D. standard 正确答案：A 注释:

optimal最理想的，最好的；ideal理想的；required必需的；optional可选择的；standard标准的。

It is said that you can intimidate your enemies by speaking in a low voice and carrying a big stick. 21

A. harass

B. make peace with C. frighten D. attack

正确答案：C

注释:intimidate与frighten同为“恫吓，威胁”。attack攻击，抨击；harass使烦恼，折磨；make peace with (跟……)讲和，(跟……)和好。

If you know in advance that the examination is going to be easy, you have no incentive to study very much. 22

A. interest B. time

C. incidence D. motive 正确答案：D

注释:incentive与motive都含有“动力”的意思。incidence影响，发生；time时间；interest兴趣。

The soldier discovers martial stirrings in his breast as he puts on his uniform. 23

A. upset

B. excitement C. turbulence D. chaos

正确答案：B

注释:stirring与excitement同为“激动的，震动的”之意。upset难过；chaos浑沌；turbulence骚乱。

Many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust too easily, or have some other drawbacks. 24

A. barriers B. redundancy C. disadvantages D. handicaps 正确答案：C 注释:

很多纯金属由于太软、容易生锈以及其他的一些缺点用处很小。disadvantages缺点，劣势；handicaps障碍，阻碍；barriers栅栏，障碍；redundancy多余。

You'll succeed in the final examination if you stick to your belief that you are not a failure. 25

A. adhere to B. carry out C. believe in D. loyal to 正确答案：A 注释:

stick to与adhere to都有“坚持”的意思。carry out执行，实现；loyal to忠于；believe in相信，信任。

Section B (0. 5 point each)

Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has something omitted. Choose the word or words from the four choices given to best complete each sentence.

Care should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is __ loud continuous noise. 26

A. attached to B. subjected to C. filled with

D. associated with

正确答案：B

注释:be subjected to使受到。fill with充满associate with联合；be attached to 依恋，归属于……。

The teacher set up those ___ for no other purpose than to challenge the students to overcome them. 27

A. goals B. standards C. principles D. obstacles 正确答案：D

注释:obstacle障碍。principle原则；standard水平；goal目的。

The police who was lack of experiences was completely,____ by the thief's disguise. 28

A. taken in B. taken down C. taken on D. taken back 正确答案：A

注释:那个缺乏经验的警察完全被小偷的乔装给欺骗了。take back带回，送回；take on承担，从事；take in欺骗；take down拿下。

My aunt ____ a brightly-colored thread round her finger so as not to forget her appointment. 29

A. curved B. bounded C. wound D. wounded 正确答案：C

注释:wind绕，缠。curve弄弯，使成曲线；wound受伤，伤害；bound跳跃。 They could not go to the theater together because his free time never ____ with hers. 30

A. copes B. complies C. collides D. coincides 正确答案：D 注释:

coincide与介词with搭配，表示“一致，符合”。collide与with搭配。表示“冲突，抵触\；comply with按照，根据；cope with竞争，对付。

A (n) ____ manager has a variety of role relations with people occupying related statuses. 31

A. personal B. personnel

C. employment D. individual 正确答案：B

注释:personnel职员，人员。personal个人的；individual个别的；employment雇用。 This is a difficult job that needs to be ____ whole-heartedly-not ply at. 32

A. shackled B. tricked C. tackled D. tickled 正确答案：C

注释:tackle处理。trick哄骗；tickle使觉得痒；shackle给……戴上镣铐。 The curtain had ____ hardly when shot startled the audience. 33

A. risen B. arisen C. arose D. raised 正确答案：A 注释:

rise开始，升起(The curtain rises．幕启)。raise举起，提高；arose与arisen分别为arise的过去式与过去分词，为“出现，呈现”。

He would go to endless ____ to help anyone he thought worthy of encouragement. 34

A. difficulty B. trouble C. nuisance D. obstacle

正确答案：B

注释:go to trouble陷入困境。difficulty困难；obstacle障碍物，妨碍；nuisance损害，妨害。 Some professors prefer to control discussion while others prefer to guide the class without ____ it. 35

A. disposing B. enlightening C. enforcing D. dominating 正确答案：D

注释:dominate支配，统治。enforce实施，强迫；enlighten启示；dispose安排。 Cloze Test(10 minutes, 15 points)

Directions: Read the passage through. Then go back and choose one item of suitable word (s) marked A ,B, C or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word(s)

C. loneliness is not the same as being alone D. All of the mentioned. 正确答案：D

注释:所有选项与文中第二段、第三段第一句的意思相符，所以选All of the mentioned项。 57. The example of the farmer and the student shows that ______ A. men are not lonely when they are working B. work satisfies man's need for solitude C. solitude is a necessary condition of work D. man needs recreation with men after working 正确答案：A

注释:举这个例子说明农夫：学生在工作时即使一个人也不会感到孤独。选项men are not lonely when they are working与此意思相符。 58. Frequent meetings prevent us from _____. A. appreciating the values of solitude B. refreshing ourselves

C. acquiring new values for each other D. feeling lonely between meetings 正确答案：C

注释:选项acquiring new values for each other与文中第四段第二句的意思相符，指出大量的会议阻止了人们在互相交往中获取益处。

59. By living \A. acquire respect for society

B. increase the value of our friendships C. find new values in ourselves D. lose respect for one another 正确答案：D

注释:选项lose respect for one another与文中第四段最后一句的意思相符，说明了人口密度加大会使我们失去对他人的尊敬。

60. The author thinks that the value of a man can be _______. A. discovered without physical contact B. found in his external appearance

C. discovered through superficial contacts D. discovered only through frequent meetings 正确答案：A

注释:选项discovered without physical contact与文中最后一句的意思相符。作者认为不需直接接触就应能发现其他人的价值。

There is a difference between science and technology. Science is a method of answering theoretical questions: technology is a matter of solving practical problems. Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships between observable phenomena in nature and with

establishing theories that serve to organize these facts and relationships; technology has to do with tools, techniques, and procedures for implementing the findings of science. Another distinction between science and technology has to do with the progress in each.

Progress in science excludes the human factor. Scientists, who seek to comprehend the

universe and know the truth within the highest degree of accuracy and certainty, cannot pay heed to their own or other people's likes and dislikes or to popular ideas about the fitness of things. What scientists discover may shock or anger people -- as did Darwin's theory of evolution. But even an unpleasant truth is more than likely to be useful; besides, we have the option of refusing it! But hardly so with technology: we do not have the option of refusing to hear the sonic boom produced by a supersonic aircraft flying overhead; we do not have the option of refusing to breathe polluted air. Unlike science, progress in technology must be measured in terms of the human factor. Technology must be our slave and not the reverse. The legitimate purpose of

technology is to serve people -- people in general, not merely some people: and future generations, not merely those who presently wish to gain advantage for themselves.

We are all familiar with the abuses of technology. Many people blame technology itself for widespread pollution, resource depletion and even social decay in general -- so much so that the promise of technology is obscured. That promise is a cleaner and healthier world. If wise application of science and technology do not lead to a better world, what else will? 61. The difference between science and technology lies in that _________.

A. the former seeks to comprehend the universe while the latter helps change the material world B. the former provides answers to theoretical questions while the latter, to practical problems C. all of the mentioned

D. the former aims to discover the interconnections of facts and the rules that explain them while the

正确答案：C

注释:文中都明确提及，所以选all of the mentioned项。 62. Which of the following may be representative of science? A. mass production. B. faming tools.

C. the theory of evolution. D. the origin of the species. 正确答案：D

注释:第二段第三句话中达尔文的进化论被当作例子提出来，说明科学家的发现会让人震惊和愤怒。所 以选达尔文的“the origin of the species”。 63. According to the author, scientific theories _______ A. must be strictly objective

B. usually take into consideration people's likes and dislikes C. always appear in perfect and finished forms D. should conform to popular opinions 正确答案：A

注释:第二段的第一、二句话表明科学理论必须要客观。 64. The author states that technology itself ________. A. will inevitably be used for bad purposes

B. is responsible for widespread pollution and resource depletion C. will lead to a better world if put to wise use

D. should serve those who wish to gain advantage for themselves

正确答案：C

注释:根据文章最后一段的信息，尤其是最后一句的反问明确表明作者对技术应用的态度。 65. What is the suitable title for this passage? A. Technology -- Discovering New Designs B. Difference Between Science and Technology C. Science -- the Way to Comprehend the Universe D. Science and Technology 正确答案：D 注释:

文章前两段重点说明科学和技术之间的众多区别，第三段谈到人们对技术应用的片面理解，并提出科学和技术对于人类发展的巨大作用，即它们是使我们走上未来美好道路的力量。 Fried foods have long been frowned upon. Nevertheless, the frying pan is about our handiest and most useful piece of kitchen equipment. People engaged in active labor requiring 4,000

calories per day or more will take approximately one-third of their rations prepared in this fashion. Meat, eggs, and French toast cooked in this way are served in millions of homes daily. Apparently the consumers are not beset with more signs of indigestion than afflict those who insist upon broiling, roasting, or boiling. Some years ago one of our most eminent physiologists investigated the digestibility of fried potatoes. He found that the pan variety was more easily broken down for assimilation than when deep fat was employed. The latter, however, dissolved within the alimentary tract more readily than the boiled type. Furthermore, he learned, by watching the progress of the contents of the stomach by means of the fluoroscope, that fat actually accelerated the rate of digestion. Now all this is quite in contrast with \on nutrition, and everywhere the dictum has been accepted -- no fried edibles of any sort for children. A few will go so far as to forbid this style of cooking wholly. Now and then an expert will be bold enough to admit that he uses them himself, the absence of discomfort being explained on the ground that he possesses a powerful gastric apparatus. We can of course sizzle perfectly good articles to death so that they will be leathery and tough. But thorough heating, in the

presence of shortening, is not the awful crime that it has been labeled. Such dishes stimulate rather than retard contractions of the gall bladder. Thus it is that bile mixes with the nutriment shortly after it leaves the stomach. We don’t need to allow our foodstuffs to become oil soaked, but other than that, there seems to be no basis for the widely heralded prohibition against this method. But notions become fixed. The first condemnation probably arose because an” oracle\dyspepsia which he ascribed to some fried item on the menu. The theory spread. Others agreed with him, and after a time the doctrine became incorporated in our textbooks. The belief is now tradition rather than proved fact. It should have been refuted long since, as experience has demonstrated its falsity.

66. This passage focuses on ______

A. why the frying pan is a handy piece of kitchen equipment B. the digestibility of fried foods

C. how the experts can mislead the public in the area of food preparation D. why fried foods lave long been frowned upon

正确答案：B

注释:纵观全文，文章主要论及油炸食品可消化性问题，一位生理学家提出了与公众不同的

观点。可见项表明了文章主题。

67. The author's main idea is that _______. A. fried foods have long Been frowned upon

B. contrary to popular opinion, fried foods are more easily assimilated than boiled foods

C. despite the traditional condemnation of fried foods, they are as easily digested as foods cooked in

D. fried foods are more easily digested than boiled or broiled foods though many authorities believe th 正确答案：C

注释:文章的中心大意是尽管人们传统上对油炸食品持有否定态度，其实它和其他食品一样容易被消化。

68. Apparently much fried food is eaten because _____. A. it is easily prepared

B. people engaged in active labor need a certain amount of calories C. it betters one's state of health D. it is easily digested 正确答案：A

注释:文中第三、四句表明，油炸食品做起来比较省时，人们注意更多的是烹饪带来的麻烦，而不是消化问题。

69. The author concludes that the public _________. A. should deep fry foods

B. could prepare some foods by frying C. should avoid fried foods if possible D. should prepare all foods by frying 正确答案：B

注释:文章讨论了油炸食品有利也有弊，所以作者认为人们可以做一些油炸食品，故could prepare some foods by frying项符合原意。

70. When the author says that an \item on the memo\A. humorous B. factual C. bitter D. sarcastic 正确答案：D

注释:题干意思是人们已把引起消化不良的原因归结为油炸食品的缘故。而文中最后一句又说明这一结 论是错误的，在这里具有讽刺(sarcastic)意味。

Americans today don't place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a

practical education -- not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren't difficult to find.

\says education writer Diane Ravitch. \Left Back A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for

intellectual pursuits. But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our

democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, \country. We will have a less civil society. \

\Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism in American life, a Pulitzer Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book.

Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and

rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children. \recitations rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.\avoids being civilized -- going to school and learning to read – so he can preserve his innate goodness.

Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes and imagines. School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our country's educational system is in the grips of people who \hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise.

71. What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school? A. Practical abilities for future career. B. The habit of thinking independently. C. Profound knowledge of the world. D. The confidence in intellectual pursuits. 正确答案：A

注释:根据第一段第三句可知，美国父母期望孩子到学校学会些实用的技能。 72. We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of ______ A. supporting school reform. B. favoring intellectualism. C. undervaluing intellect.

D. suppressing native intelligence. 正确答案：C

注释:依据第二段中“…concluding。they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits”可知，美国人厌恶学识追求。 73. The views of Raviteh and Emerson on schooling are _____ A. identical

B. complementary C. similar D. opposite

正确答案：D

注释:对比第二段和第五段可知，这两人的观点正好相反。 74. Emerson, according to the text, is probably ________. A. an advocate of regular schooling. B. an opponent of intellectualism. C. a pioneer of education reform. D. a scholar in favor of intellect. 正确答案：B

注释:根据第五段中Emerson对学校的批评可知，他是学识的反对者。

It's said that George Washington was one of the first to realize how important the building of the canals would be to the nation's development. In fact, before he became President, he headed the first company in the US to build a canal which was to connect the Ohio and Potomac rivers. It was never completed, but it showed the nation the feasibility of canals. As the country expanded westward, settlers in western New York, Pennsylvania, and Ohio needed a means to ship goods. Canals linking natural waterways seemed to offer an effective solution.

In 1791 engineers commissioned by the state of New York investigated the possibility of a canal between Albany on the Hudson River and Buffalo on Lake Erie, which would link the Great Lake area with the Atlantic seacoast. It would avoid the mountain that served as a barrier to canals from the Delaware and Potomac rivers.

The first attempt to dig the canal, to be called the Erie Canal, was made by private companies, but only a comparatively small portion was built before the project was halted for lack of funds. The cost of the project was an estimated 5 million dollars, an enormous amount for those days. There was some on-again-off-again Federal funding, but the War of 1812 put an end to this. In 1817, Dewitt Clinton was elected governor of New York and persuaded the state to finance and build the canal. It was completed in 1825, costing 2 million dollars more than expected.

The canal rapidly lived up to its sponsors~ faith, quickly paying for itself through tolls. It was far more economical than any other form of transportation at the time. It permitted trade between the Great Lake region and East Coast, robbing the Mississippi River of much of its traffic. It

allowed New York to supplant Boston, Philadelphia, and other eastern cities as the chief center of both domestic and foreign commerce. Cities sprang up along the canal. It also contributed in a number of ways to the north's victory over the south in the CivilWar.

An expansion of the canal was planned in 1849. Increased traffic would undoubtedly have warranted its construction had it not been for the development of the railroads.

75. Why does the author most likely mention George Washington in the first paragraph? A. He successfully opened the first canal in the US.

B. He was President at the time the Erie Canal was built. C. He was involved in pioneering efforts to build canals.

D. He commissioned engineers to study the possibility of building the Erie Canal. 正确答案：C 注释:

文章整篇讲的是修运河，开头提到George Washington是为了说明他早就意识到运河的重要性，并 付诸努力尝试修筑运河。

76. The completion of the Erie Canal was financed by __________ A. the state of New York B. private companies C. the federal government D. Dewitt Clinton 正确答案：A 注释:

第三段的倒数第二句话“Dewitt Clinton was elected governor of New York and Persuaded the state to finance and build the canal．”这里的“state”指的是“the state of New York”。 77. The actual cost of building the Erie Canal was ________ A. less than had been estimated B. 7 million dollar C. 5 million dollars

D. more than could be repaid

正确答案：B

注释:根据第三段的旬中“The Cost of the project was an estimated 5 million dollars”和句末“costing 2 million dollars more than expected”。

78. Which of the following is not given in the fourth paragraph as an effect of the building of the Erie Canal?

A. It allowed the east coast to trade with the Great Lakes area. B. It took water traffic away from the Mississippi River. C. It helped determine the outcome of the civil war.

D. It established Boston and Philadelphia as the most important centers of trade. 正确答案：D 注释:

在第四段中有明确提示，而It established Boston and Philadelphia as the most important centers of trade.项与文中意思(“它使纽约取代其他东部城市而成为国内外商业的中心”)相反。

79. What can be inferred about railroads in 1849 from the information in the last paragraph? A. They had begun to compete with the Erie Canal for traffic. B. They were being planned but had not yet been built. C. They were weakened by the expansion of the canal. D. They were seriously ~ underdeveloped. 正确答案：A

注释:最后一句使用的是虚拟语气，意思是“如果不是铁路的发展，增加的运输量肯定会使运河的扩建 为现实。”暗含铁路已经开始与运河争夺运输量之意。

80. The phrase \change in meaning?

A. ineffectual B. unsolicited C. intermittent D. gradual 正确答案：C

注释:根据上下文语境推测可能是“断断续续”的意思。intermittent间歇的，断断续续的；unsolicited主 动提供的；ineffectual无效的，不成功的。 Translation (40 minutes, 20 points) Section A (20 minutes, 10 points)

Directions: Put the following passage into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on Answer Sheet.

Vacations are more necessary now than before because today the average life is less well rounded and has become increasingly compartmentalized．I suppose the idea of vacations，as we conceive it，must be incomprehensible to primitive peoples．Rest of some kind has of course always been a part of the rhythm of human life，but earlier ages did not find it necessary to organize it in the way that modern man has done．Holidays and feast days were sufficient． 81

休假比以往任何时候都更必要，因为如今一般人生活不再像以前那样丰富，相反却变得越来越简单。我想原始人肯定不理解我们现在所理解的休假，当然某种方式的休息历来是人生节奏的一部分，但人类社会早期认为没有必要像 试题得分：0

Section B(20 minutes，10 points) Directions: Put the following passage into English．Write your English version in the proper space on Answer SheetⅡ

作为一个具有悠久历史的古老的洲，亚洲是世界三大宗教--佛教、伊斯兰教和基督教--的诞生地。在过去的几千年中，我们的祖先以他们的勤劳和智慧创造了灿烂的古代文明，他们完全可以为光荣的时代和令人钦羡的成就而自豪。伟大的东方文化对人类进步所做的贡献是举世公认的。 82

As an ancient continent with a long history, Asia is the birthplace of the three major religions of 试题得分：0

Writing (30 minutes，10 points) Directions：Write one or more paragraph of approximately 1 50 words according to the topic given below．Write your composition in proper space on Answer Sheet II． Writing{30 minutes, 10 points)

Directions：Write your comment on the sentence “The Importance of Confidence.” and your part of the writing should be no less than 150 words. 83

Whatever one does, one should do it with confidence. If one had on confidence, there is little possi 试题得分：0

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