10000m3乙烯储罐区安全设计

毕业设计（论文）

课题名称院 (系)专 业姓 名学 号起讫日期指导教师

10000m3

乙烯储罐区安全设计

安全工程

2015年12月——2016年6月

二〇一六年六月

南京工业大学本科生毕业设计（论文）

10000m乙烯储罐区安全设计

摘 要

最近几年，乙烯大型化发展的同时，乙烯的储存也向着大型化发展。然而，储罐的大型化发展要求其安全性也将更高。乙烯易燃易爆，如果泄漏遇到明火就会引起火灾爆炸，后果会非常严重。所以乙烯的安全储存就非常的重要。本设计确定了乙烯的储存工艺以及罐体的选型及选材，并对其内罐进行了设计计算。根据相关规范，完成了乙烯罐区的总平面布置，对乙烯罐区存在的危险进行分析，提出相应的安全对策措施。最后，运用安全检查表和道化学法对乙烯罐区进行安全评价，运用安全管理方法来有效解决乙烯罐区所存在的安全问题。

关键字：乙烯 低温 储罐 危险性 安全设计

3

I

Abstract

Safety design of 10000m3 ethylene storage tank zone

Abstract

In recent years, with the large-scale development of ethylene, the storage of ethylene also heads toward large-scale development. However, the large-scale development of storage tanks demands more safety. Ethylene is flammable and explosive. If the leakage of ethylene encounters fire, a fire explosion will occur and cause serious damage. Therefore safe storage of ethylene is very important. This design determines the storage technology of ethylene and the selection of the tank and material, and the design and calculation of the inner tank are investigated. According to the relevant norms, general layout of the ethylene tank is fulfilled and the risk of ethylene tank is analyzed and then corresponding safety measures are proposed. Finally, safety of ethylene tank zone is assessed by means of safety checklist and Dow Chemical Method, and problemsconcerningsafety of ethylene tank zonewill be effectively solved by utilizing safety management method.

Keywords: ethylene; cryogenictemperature;storage tank;danger; safety design

II

目录

摘 要 ........................................................................................................ I ABSTRACT ............................................................................................ II 第一章 概论 ........................................................................................... 1

1.1 背景介绍 ........................................................................................................ 1 1.2 乙烯的理化性质 ............................................................................................ 1 1.3 乙烯储罐的选型、储存条件的确定 ............................................................ 2

1.3.1 储罐选型 ............................................................................................. 2 1.3.2 乙烯储存工艺 ..................................................................................... 2

第二章 乙烯球罐设计 ............................................................................ 4

2.1 乙烯球罐形式及选材 .................................................................................. 4 2.2 乙烯球罐壳体 .............................................................................................. 4

2.2.1赤道板尺寸计算 .................................................................................. 5 2.2.2极板尺寸计算 ...................................................................................... 6 2.2.3极中板尺寸计算 .................................................................................. 8 2.2.4极侧板尺寸计算 ................................................................................ 10 2.2.5极边板尺寸计算 ................................................................................ 12 2.3 乙烯球罐壳体壁厚 ...................................................................................... 15 2.4 乙烯球罐的保冷措施 .................................................................................. 17 2.5 支座设计 ...................................................................................................... 17 2.6 乙烯球罐的附件 .......................................................................................... 17

2.6.1 压力表 ............................................................................................... 17 2.6.2 液位计 ............................................................................................... 18 2.6.3 温度计 ............................................................................................... 18 2.6.4 梯子平台 ........................................................................................... 18 3.6.5 人孔 ................................................................................................... 18 2.6.6 安全阀 ............................................................................................... 19 2.6.7 静电接地 ........................................................................................... 19

2.7 水喷淋装置 .................................................................................................. 19

第三章 乙烯罐区的总平面布置 .......................................................... 25

3.1 防火堤的设计 .............................................................................................. 25

3.1.1 储罐的防火间距 ............................................................................... 25 3.3.2 防火堤 ............................................................................................... 25 3.2 消防设计 ...................................................................................................... 26

3.2.1 消防车道 ........................................................................................... 26 3.2.2 消防水泵房 ....................................................................................... 26 3.2.3 消防水池 ........................................................................................... 27 3.2.4 灭火器的选择 ................................................................................... 27 3.3 乙烯罐区其他功能分区 .............................................................................. 28

3.3.1 汽车装卸站 ....................................................................................... 28 3.3.2 配电房的设计 ................................................................................... 28 3.3.3 压缩机房 ........................................................................................... 28 3.3.4办公区 ................................................................................................ 28

第四章 乙烯罐区危险有害因素辨识及安全措施 ............................... 30

4.1 乙烯危险性分析 .......................................................................................... 30 4.2 乙烯罐区重大危险源辨识 .......................................................................... 30 4.3 乙烯罐区火灾爆炸 ...................................................................................... 31

4.3.1. 火灾和爆炸原因 .............................................................................. 31 4.3.2 乙烯罐区爆炸事故树 ....................................................................... 31 4.3.3 防火灾爆炸措施 ............................................................................... 33 4.4 中毒与窒息 .................................................................................................. 33

4.4.1 中毒窒息原因 ................................................................................... 33 4.4.2防中毒窒息措施 ................................................................................ 34 4.5其他危险性 ................................................................................................... 34

第五章 罐区的安全评价 ...................................................................... 36

5.1 用安全检查表对罐区进行安全检查 .......................................................... 36

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