Unit3V-ing作定语表语和宾语补足语

必修四Unit3动词-ing形式作定语、表语和宾补

一、V-ing形式作定语

动名词作定语用来说明该名词的用途，不表示名词本身的动作；现在分词作定语与所修饰的名词具有逻辑上的主谓关系，即现在分词相当于所修饰名词的谓语。

We must improve our working method. （动名词）

They set up an operating table in a small temple.（动名词） China is a developing country. （现在分词）

The student making the experiment is our monitor.（现在分词） 全析提示：

1.动名词短语不能作定语，单个的动名词可以用作定语，但仅作前置定语。

working method=method for working 工作方法

2. 单个分词和分词短语都可作定语，单个分词一般作前置定语，分词短语则作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。

the man visiting Japan=the man who is visiting Japan. 二、V-ing形式作表语

动名词作表语表示抽象的、一般的行为，现在分词作表语表示主语的特征、性质和状态。

Our greatest happiness is serving the people.（动名词） Our task is building socialism. （动名词）

The film we saw last night is quite moving. （现在分词） His words are encouraging. （现在分词）

常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging,

inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。 全析提示：

（1）动名词作表语和主语是等值关系，两者有时可以互换，句子意思不变；动名词后面可以接宾语、状

语。

（2）现在分词作表语和主语不是对等关系，现在分词后面不能接宾语，但它前面可以有修饰性的副词，

如very, rather等。 三、V-ing形式作宾补

动名词不能作宾语补足语。现在分词作宾补表示的是正在发生的动作。

I saw him going upstairs. We watched her crossing the street. We heard her singing in her room。 能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:

1) 表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at,

listen to等。

We saw a light burning in the window.

I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder.

Can you smell anything burning? Listen to the birds singing.

I didn’t notice him waiting.

2) 表示指使意义的动词，常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。如：

I won’t have you doing that.

This set me thinking. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. I can’t get the clock going again. You won’t catch me doing that again.

3. see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后用-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别： ① 前者表示动作正在进行，而后者表示（或强调）动作从开始到结束的全过程。

We passed by the classmates and saw the teacher making the experiment.

We sat an hour and watched the teacher make the experiment.

② 如果宾语补足语是短暂性动词，动词不定式短语表示一次动作， 而-ing形式则表示反复动作。 We heard the door slam. (一次动作)

We heard the door slamming. (反复动作) 习题巩固：指出动词ing形式的成分

1. Do you find it funny to see someone sliding on a banana skin, bumping into someone else round a corner, or falling down a hole in the road?

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sliding, bumping, falling 作 ____ _ 2. He became famous for using a particular form of acting, including mime and farce. using 作介词for的__ ___ including作____ __ 3. …But he was lived by all who watched the films for his determination in overcoming difficulties and being kind even when people were unkind to him. overcoming作____ _______ 4. That was the problem facing Charlie Chaplin in one of his most famous films. facing 作__ __ 5. He loved it by using nonverbal humor. using 作____ ____ 6. Their job is “panning for gold”.

panning 作_____ ___ 7. Finally he tries cutting and eating the bottom of the shoe. cutting, eating 作____ _ 选择巩固：

1. Don’t leave the water _______ while you brush your teeth. A. run B. running C. being run D. to run 2. Tell Mary that there’s someone ____ for her at the door. A. waiting B. waited C. waits D. to wait

3. The _______ waiter came up to us and said, “You are welcome.” A. smiling B. smiled C. smile D. to smile 4. A phone call sent him _______ to the hospital. A. hurry B. hurrying C. to hurry D. hurried 5. Do you know the boy _______ under the big tree? A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying

6. I can hardly imagine Peter _______ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed 7. There are lots of places of interest _______ in our city. A. needs repairing B. needing repaired C. needed repairing D. needing to be repaired

8. The drunken husband knocked against the table and sent the bowls _______ in all directions

before he was sent _______ by his wife.

A. flying; to sleep B. flying; sleeping C. to fly; to sleeping D. to fly; to sleep 9. When we got back from the cinema, we found the lamp _______ but the door _______. A. being on; shut B. burning; shutting C. burning; shut D. on; shutting

10. As is known to us all, traveling is _____, but we often feel _____ when we are back from

travels.

A. interesting; tired B. interested; tiring C. interesting; tiring D. interested; tired 11. The woman found it no good _____ her daughter too much money. A. giving B. being given C. given D. gave

12. As the stone was too heavy to move, I left it _____on the ground. A. laying B. lay C. lying D. lain 13. John’s bad habit is _____ without thorough understanding.

A. read B. being read C. to be read D. reading 回顾高考：

1. The ______ boy was last seen ______ near the bank of the lake.

A. missing; playing B. missing; play C. missed; played D. missed; to play

2. When we watched the national flag ______ in the Olympic Games on TV, we raised a cheer. A. rise B. being risen C. raised D. being raised

3. He was in hospital for six months. He felt as if he was ______ from the outside world.

A. cut out B. cut off C. cut up D. cut through 4. We sat there, ______with what we listened to.

A. satisfying B . to satisfy C. contented D. content

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宾语补足语 宾语 状语 介词宾语 定语 介词宾语 表语 宾语 BAABD CDACA ACD

1解析：A missing是形容词，作boy的定语，意思是“失踪的”。 was last seen playing表示被看见时正在玩。

2解析：A本题考查分词作补语，rise是不及物动词，先排除A、B两项，国旗是被人们升起的，应

该用分词的被动形式，句意为：当看到电视中奥林匹克运动会上国旗正在被升起时，我们欢呼起来。 3解析：B cut out的意思是“切下；删除”。cut off意思是“切断；使(人、城镇)孤立”。cut up的意思是“切碎”。cut through的意思是“穿越”。本句的意思是：他住院六个月感到似乎与外界隔绝了。

4解析：D本题考查动词用法。satisfied表示“感到满意的”，把A、B两项排除；content既是形容词，又是动词，be content with对……满足。

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