大学英语词汇星火式巧记速记(1~6+级)word文件格式

很好的英语词汇速记法

英语星火式巧记速记系列

新大纲大学英语词汇

星火式巧记速记 （1~6 级）

马德高卢福林主编

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世界图书出版公司

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acquaintance 认识，了解

Make the acquaintance of sib.与某人结识。＝Make sb’s acquaintance

Have a nodding acquaintance with sb.与某人有点头之交。

vt 使了解，使认识，介绍

acquaint 搭配有二：1.用反身代词oneself 2.用被动形式。

I’ve acquainted myself with their customs.

I’ve been acquainted with their customs.

Actions speak louder than words.行动胜于空谈。

注：act 与action 常可替换，act 不过常指具体的动作，action 而却常指抽象的行为。act 与action 在

与下类似的短语中不能换用。

in the act of stealing 在偷窃时

take action 采取行动。

advantageous 有利的。

Nothing venture, nothing gain.不入虎穴，焉得虎子。

记住：生命危险或经济风险大时就用venture; 想使人心振奋，寻求刺激性的冒险就用adventure.

prophecy 预言

civilization 多指物质文明；culture 多指精神文明。

agree with 持有相同的意见

agree to 愿意接受某事或允许某事发生。

acre 英亩：the building stands in twelve acres of ground.. 该建筑物占地12 英亩。 agronomy n.农学

astronomy n.天文学

aultivate 培养，陶治，耕种，种植，栽培

One’s land 耕种田地

aultivate roses 栽培玫瑰

One’s mind 修身养性。

airfield 多用来指军用机场；Airport 多用来指民用机场

飞机种种：

jet 喷气式飞机glider 滑翔机bomber 轰炸机

helicopter 直升机scout 侦察机fighter 战斗机

aerial 空中的，架空的n.天线

allow for 体谅you should allow for his youth. 你应当体谅他还年轻。

Make allowance for 考虑到，顾及2.体谅，原谅＝allow for

alter vt.改变，变更Change Vary

很好的英语词汇速记法

辨异:Change 可以指任何烟囱化，常用来指根本的或完全的变化。Alter 只意味着局部的或表面的

变化，而没有变成另一事物。Vary 尤指不断的变化change continually, 由于变化而产生一系列差别。

I have to alter my design. 我不得不修改我的设计。

I have to change my design.我不得不改变我的设计。

My design cannot vary with the funds.我的设计不能因经费问题而改来改去。

对foreign 而言，alien 专指法律上的“外国的，外国国籍的”

be alien to 与 不相容，与 性质不同。

alienate vt. 使疏远，离间2.转让，让渡（财产等）

ambassador 大使Embassy n.大使馆

with mingled feelings 百感交集

Mingle 与mix/blend 的不同就在于：多种事物后，各事物仍然保持其个性，而且可以区分或辨别出

来。各种东西mix/blend 后，就不可区分。故水与油不相mix,但可以mingle.

Ample 充足有余adequate 刚够enough/sufficient 足够

辨异:

amplify 特指音量或电流的增大:his voice was amplified by means of an amplifie r 他的声音通过扩音器

扩大了

expand 指范围、体积的扩大、膨胀、扩张:iron expands when it is heated。加热后铁会膨胀 extend 指在一个方向上的延伸、加长:extend a railway.将铁路延长

enlarge 指尺寸或空间的扩大:enlarge a photograph 放大照片。

electrolyze v.电解

paralyzed 使瘫痪，使麻痹

be paralyze d with terror 吓瘫了

paralyze the enemy’s fighting will 瓦解敌人的斗志。

expect 是怀着确信之心来期待；

anticipate 是怀着喜悦或痛苦之心来预想，后接动名词。

1. Anti 加在辅音开头的单词前: Actic 北极的Antarctic 南极的。

2. 在元音开头的单词前拼做ant- : Clockwise 顺时针方向的anticlockwise 逆时针方向 acute angle 锐角right angle 直角obtuse angle 钝角

rectangle ［rect=right 垂直］n. 矩形，长方形。Triangle ［tri=three 三］n.三角，三角形。 ankle 脚踝sprain one’s ankle 扭伤脚踝

wrist 手腕

anger v.n.发怒angry a.

fury n. 狂怒furious a.

rage n.暴怒enrage v.

irritaed 急燥的

indignant 义愤的

sullen 愠怒的

cross 易怒的

appearance 1. n. 出现，露面：make an appearance 出面，出场

2. 外观，外貌：judge by appearances 从外表上判断

很好的英语词汇速记法

augment vt.扩大,增加,提高

inaugurate vt. 1.为 举行就职典礼2.为 举行开幕式,为 举行落成仪式3.开始,开展inaugurate an

undertaking 创业

inaugurate a president 举行总统就职典礼

He was inaugurated as president.他正式就任了总统

authority n.1.权威者,当权者2.权威,权力3 (pl.)当局,官方:the authorities concerned 有关当局 表示在 方面的权威用an authority on;表示对 人的凌驾时用authority over.

authorize vt.授权,批准

authenticate v.鉴定,认证.

autobiography [auto=self+bio=life+graphy=writing]自传

biology n.生物学[bio=life]

avenge vt. 为 报仇,报 之仇:he avenged his father’s murder. 他报了杀父之仇.

revenge n.报复,报仇vt.为 报仇,报 之仇.

译:我们要向敌人报仇.

误:we will avenge/revenge the enemy.

正:we will avenge/revenge ourselves on the enemy.

正:we will take our revenge on the enemy.

注:向 报仇用avenge/revenge oneself on 或take one’s revenge on avenge the enemy 意思是为敌人

报仇.注意avenge/revenge 本身已内含为..的意义,因而不需要再加多余的for

辨异:avenge 指替他人报仇,revenge yourself 或take revenge 指为自己报仇.

avoid vt. 避免,避开

辨异: avoid 原义是使 扑空,所以指在 之前有意避开;escape 原意是out of being caught,指从 中

逃脱,逃离,以免受影响.

一言辨异:you may avoid all known sources of contagion, yet not easily escape infection.人们可以避开

所有已知的接触传染病源,却难以摆脱非接触传染.

devoid a.空无的,缺乏的

be void/devoid of common sense 缺乏常识

background n.背景:a dress with red spots on a white background 红点白底连衣裙/against the background

of 在 的映衬下.

sack n..麻袋

辨异:a sack of rice 一袋大米;pocket 衣服上的口袋bag n.提包,袋子

ballot [ball 原义:投票用的小纸球+ot=et 表示小]n.选票,投票数2.投票权v.投票

bullet [bull(ball 的变体)+et 表示小,小球] n.子弹(古时候的子弹就是沙粒状的小球) batch n.1.一炉:she baked a batch of bread.2.一批,一组,一群:batch production 批量生产 bake vt.烤,烘(面包)

辨异:bake 用烤炉间接地烘烤;broil/grill 直接用火烤;roast 烤(肉).

[归类记忆用法]1.球类前不用冠词; 2.击、投、传、接球的英语是hit\pitch\pass\catch the ball bar vt.阻止,阻拦:to bar sb. from doing

parallel bars 双杠

很好的英语词汇速记法

the bar 律师业go to the bar 当律师

be called to the bar 指得到律师资格

barrel n.桶,筒

辨异: barrel 原本就是用bar 制成的桶,故与一般的水桶bucket 和鼓子桶drum 不同. barrister n.[英](大)律师

solicitor n.[英](初级)律师

辨异:a barrister is a lawyer who has the right of speaking in the higher courts of law; a solicitor is a lawyer

who gives advice, speaks in the lower courts of law, an d prepare cases for a barrister to argue in a higher

court.

辨异:

basement 常作厨房、食堂之用

cellar 贮藏食物、燃料之用

bath n.1.洗澡,浴2.浴缸v.给 洗澡

bathe vt 给 洗澡堂vi.洗澡,游泳.

辨异:

you bath to get clean：he baths every morning。/to bath a baby。

you bathe something to make it clean in a medical way： to bathe a wound/bathe one’s eyes. bathe is also

the word for swimming.

born in 侧重出生的地点或时间

born of 重点在出身上of 表示来自

born into 重点在出生的环境上

bear oneself 持身,举止

have a bearing on 与 有关.

敲打的固定搭配

敲锣要用:strike

打鼓要用beat

敲门要用knock

钟敲几点要用strike.

batter vt,连续猛攻击,炮击,打烂.

debate v.辩论,争论:hold a debate on 举行一次对 问题的辩论

debate 与discuss 不同,也有debate on 这种vi.用法:they debated bitterly o this problem. she was a beauty in her day.她年轻时是个美人儿.

beautiful is a much stronger word to describe a person’s appearance than pretty, handsome an d goodlooking.

2.beautiful an d pretty can be used of women, children an d things , but not used of men: a

beautiful girl/house, a pretty child/picture. handsome is usually used of men ,but a handsome woman is

good-looking in a strong, healthy way. good-looking can be used of men and women, but not usually of

thing.

abuse n.[s]n.[z]滥用,辱骂grease n.[s]油脂,润滑油n.[z].抹油,润滑

很好的英语词汇速记法

use n.[s]用处n.[z]使用house n.[s]房屋n.[z].留宿

记忆法: “名清动浊”------名词时发清辅音[s];动词时发浊辅音[s]

forward a,向前的,前进行.ad.向前vt.转交,转运:please forward!请转交!

搭配:to forward to 把 转交或转寄给

on end 接连地(用于表示时间的复数可数名词之后):three days on end 一连三天.

means and ends 目的与手段:do you think that the end justifies the means?你认为为达到目的就可以不

择手段吗?

make believe 假装,装作:the boys made believe that they were astronauts.那些男孩装扮成了宇航员.

believe in 信任,相信( 的人格、价值、存在)：I believe in keeping early hours.我认为早睡早起好.

I believe him.我相信他的话.

I believe in him.我信任他.

integrated circuit 集成电路.

on circuit 在巡回中

bite (蚊子\跳蚤)叮; sting(蜂)螫

辨异:bite ,gnaw,nip ,chew

译:我听见一只老鼠在咬那箱子

误: I heard a rat biting the box.

正:I heard a rat gnawing at the box.

注:bite 可以解释为“咬,咬住,咬下”例如:the boy was bitten by a dog in the street.那男孩在街上被一只

狗咬了. “老鼠咬、啃、啮”在英语中多用gnaw. chew 是嚼碎肉等，nip 是(狗等)咬住. the bait hides the hook.提防笑里藏刀.

a board of directors 1.(公司)董事会2.(团体)委员会.

on board 用做复合介词,后面不能再用of.例如:on board a ship.在船上.on board a train.在火车上.

border n.

1. n.边.边缘:the border of a stream 溪畔

2. n.边界,边境:the border of china an Burma 中缅边境3.

3. v.(与 )接壤,毗邻:both Canada and Mexico border on the united states.加拿大和墨西哥都同美国

接壤.

answer for 对 负有责任：you must answer for her safety

blind a.1.瞎的,盲的:go blind 失明/be blind to 对 视而不见2.盲目的:love is blind.爱情是盲目的.3.vt

使失明,蒙蔽:he was blinded by dust.

译:他左眼失明.

误:his left eye is blind.

正:he is blind in the left eye.

注:汉语说“眼” 瞎;英语则说“人” blind.即blind 以为而不以眼作主语.

blend v.(色或光等)融合,混合n.混合物,掺合物(其成分混合无法分辨)

辨异: blend, mix 都有混合的意思:mix 侧重混合物或多或少保持原来的形状\性能;blend 则

很好的英语词汇速记法

侧重整体

的统一体.mix 常意味着乱;blend 则意味着和谐.例如:she is mixing mustard and salt together.她正在把

芥末和盐搅拌在一起.don’t mix up his letters with mine. 别把他的信和我的混在一起.the sea and the

sky seemed to blend.海天好象融为了一体了.the two colors blend well.两种颜色配得很好(很调和.)

blunder [blund 瞎,盲目+er(表示反复动作)]vi 跌跌撞撞地走2.(因盲目击者或草率而)犯大错n. 大错

搭配:commit a mistake/an error 犯错/ a blunder 犯大错

disappear 是指“从人的视线中消失”，即看不见了，

die away 是指“声音的消失”，即听不见了。

fade 指渐渐地消失

vanish 指突然化为乌有

apply to 把...应用于apply the theory to practice

apply (to ) for 向...申请，请求we apply to them for help.

approach 1.n.接近，临近:at the approach of 随着。。。的临近

2.n.入门，途径方式，方法the approach to the twon 进城的通道/an easy approach to maths 学数学的窍门

approximate to 近似，接近；a. 近似的，大约的。

be armed to teeth 武装到牙齿

to arm with 以（武器）装备，以。。。配备。

brake vi 刹车，被刹住，vt。刹住，用闸使车放慢速度n.闸,制动器,刹车: apply(or put on)the brake

alarm 表示向 报警是vt,因而：

译：拨119 向消防队报警

误：dial 119 to alarm to the fire brigade.

正：dial 119 to alarm the fire brigade.

range in age from 21 to 70 年龄从21 岁到70 岁不等

range over 论及，涉及。

range 作范围讲时，与scope, limits 等不同，指连续的变动范围：a narrow range of prices 小幅的价

格差距/the daily range of temperature 每天的温差。Range 作距离讲时与distance 等不同，指子弹等

所及的最远距离，飞机等的最远航程：the gun has a range of six kilometers.该炮射程为6 公里。

rank among 属于 之列

rank as 把 看作

articulate a.善于表达的，口齿清晰的vt 明确有力地表达：A good debater must articulate his ideas

well enough to convince others.优秀的辩论家必须善于明确有力地表达自己的观点，以便使别人信

服。

attach 1.系，贴，连接2.使成为一部分，使附属3.使依恋

很好的英语词汇速记法

be attached to 附属于，依恋于

detach vt. （from）拆卸，使分开，使分离。

attention n.照料，治疗：the patient received attention of the hospital.

attention n.注意，留心

blow v.1.吹响：blow the trumpet 2.爆炸：the tire blew out。

blast n. 一阵疾风等,一股气流:an icy blast rushed into the room.一股寒风吹进屋里2.爆炸:be killed or

wounded by the blast 被炸死炸伤vt.(用炸药等)炸,炸掉(bow up):blast a rock 炸开岩石. 短语:at a blast 一鼓作气地

一言辨异:

they had planned to blow up/blast the bridge but their bombs failed to explode.他们原本计划炸掉这座桥,

但炸弹没有爆炸.

blow up /blast 用来指人”炸毁楼房等物体,而explode 用于炸弹等爆炸,或使炸弹爆炸. 辨异:

book, order, subscribe 这三个动词都表示“预订”,其区别主要是动宾搭配不同.

book 票、座、房间： I have booked a seat o a plane for Shanghai.

order 货物、菜、衣：He ordered himself three suits.

subscribe 书、报、杂志： He subscribed for /to some magazines.

bury vt.埋葬2.掩埋，埋藏

搭配: bury oneself in (doing)sth.专心致力于

burial n.葬礼funeral

booklet n.小册子

Δlet 小:leaflet 小叶,传单;pamphlet 小册子.

括弧种种(braces)大括弧(bracket)小括弧

( ) < > [ ] { }

round brackets angle braces square brackets braces

embrace 1.vt 包括,包含2.拥抱,搂抱3.包围,环绕n.拥抱,怀抱.

bracket n.壁架,支架n.等级段,档次vt.把归入同一类.

有左右两限界,因而bracket 又表示(年龄\收入等的)上下两限界内的“等级段”、“档次”。如：the party is

popular with 18-25 bracket.

brace n.托架,支架vt.支牢,架稳2.使(手足肩等)绷紧3.(面对困难)架稳(自身)使 防备使受锻炼:brace

yourself for a shock!

辨异:bracket ,brace (支架)

bracket 小括号,小支架:指油灯或书籍等的壁架,支架.

brace 括号,大支架:指机械、建筑物等所用的托架,支架.

Δ衣帽架为rack

brand 打烙印于2.铭刻n 标记,商标,(商品的)牌子

译:他买了一辆名牌汽车.

误:he bought a very well-known brand of car.

正:he bought a very well-known make of car.

辨异:brand 和make 都表示“商标,牌子”,但brand 通常仅用于指肥皂,牙膏,黄油等小的或不

很好的英语词汇速记法

事物,汽车,冰箱,计算机等的商标,牌子一般用make,试比较:

what brand of toothpaste/soap do you use?

what make of computer did you buy?

注:此为词类转化“名清动浊”

辨异:

kind/sort 指一般的种类;type 类型;breed 尤指动植物的品种: a dog of mixed breed 杂种狗 一言辨异:

The man with broad forehead stared at the boy with wide eyes.

wide 宽,形容洞穴式的东西,如眼睛、嘴等的宽大。broad 阔，形容人的肩、背、胸的宽阔。由此推

而广之可知：wide 主要用于表示口径、缝隙、空间从一侧到另一侧的宽度；broad 常指物体的整个

规则[名]-th[Θ] [动]-the[ð]

类

例

bath n. 洗澡bathe v.洗澡,冲洗

cloth n.布(料) clothe v.给 穿衣

tooth n. 牙teethe v. 出牙

wreath n.花圈wreathe v.编圈,编环

表面宽广。例如：a net wide at the mouth and narrow at the other end 一张口宽顶窄的网/there are broad

pastures in the mountains 山里有广阔的牧场。

broadcasting station 广播台/chain broadcast 联播/relay broadcast 转播

辨异:recall与remember

I remember her face, but I can’t recall where I met her.我记得她的面孔,但是想不起在哪儿见过她.

recall, remember 都表示想起,但remember 表示自然而然地想起.recall 表示经过努力后才想起,因为

recall 原义为唤call 回re 某种记忆.

reconcile VT.使和好,使和解,使协调2.使顺从,使甘心:I can’t reconcile myself to such a theory.我感觉无

法接受这样的理论.

辨异:canal, channel, drain, ditch

canal 与channel 的根本区别在于canal 为人工开凿,channel 为天然所成,如the English Channel; drain

专指排水沟、污水管道；ditch 为沟，不一定用于排水，规模也不大。

辨异:kindle v.点燃,照亮,燃烧

light, kindle 和ignite 都译为点燃.light 主要指人们为了得到光、热等而点火。kindle 指花费一定的

时间或力气把某可燃物点燃，使之逐渐燃烧起来。ignite 多指一点火星或火苗就使易燃物迅速燃烧

起来。

辨异:able 和capable 都有能够，有能力的意思，其主要区别如下：用做表语时： 1.在意义

很好的英语词汇速记法

只表示褒义， capable 则可表示如上褒贬两种意义。2.在搭配上able 仅能用于有生命的人或动物，

而capable 还能用于无生命的事物。3。able 后接不定式，capable 后接of 加动名词。able 指暂时现

象，而capable 可指经常或固有现象。如：she is not able to sing tonight。她今晚唱不了歌。he is incapable

of manual labor。他不能从事手工劳动。4.用作定语时：capable 表示的能力没有ABLE 强。ABLE

指精明能干的，capable 仅指一般能力的能干的人：he is an able man。他是个精明能干的人。he is a

capable man。他是一位有才干的人。

ability 仅能用于有生命的人或动物,capability, capacity 既可用于有生命的人或动物,也可用于无生命

的事物,ability 后接不定式或介词in, for. capability 后接of 或for 加动名词. ability 表示人的各方面的

能力或才能。capability 表示做事（尤以做较重要的事）的能力或才能，它的复数形式常会有“潜

力”或“发展前途的意思”。

The oil processing capability of the refinery is 2.5million tons.

这座炼油厂的处理能力为250 万吨.

he is a man of great capabilities.他是个大有作为的人.

capacity n.1.容量,容积2.能力

误: he has great ability of learning language.

正: he has great capacity of leaning language.

辨异:ability 指办事等实际应用上的才能.capacity 则指接受,理解上的能力.还可表示其他无生命脉事

物的承受,容纳,装载能力.

he may have grat capacity for acquiring knowledge,an d yet not possess ability to teach.他有获得知识的

能力,但不具有教书的才能.

capital n.大写(字母)a.首要的n.资本,资金Write them in capitals. 英文句子的头要大写. a passenger cabin 客舱

escape v.逃脱,逃避;避开,避免:have a narrow escape from 幸免于

辨异:escape doing

一言辨异:escape, flee

the enemy soldiers were fleeing in all directions, but few of them could escape.敌兵四处逃窜,但很少能

逃出去.

One drives a car or taxi, and the passengers ride in it. 用drive 表示开车,用ride 表示乘客搭车. an aircraft carrier 航空母舰

a carrier rocket 运载火箭

chariot n.战车,兵车

carriage 四轮马车

很好的英语词汇速记法

cart 马车,大车,手推车

van [caravan 的简体]有蓬载重汽车,运货车

in charge of 负责,主管(主动意义); in the charge of 受 管理,照管(被动意义)

charge, accuse

译:他们控告吉姆犯杀人罪.

they accused Jim of murder.

they charged Jim with murder.

they charged that Jim had committed murder.

indite

chattel n.动产

discard vt.打出(纸牌)2.抛弃,丢弃.

charter n.1.宪章2.契约,法令vt.(凭契约)包,租(飞机,车,船等)

辨异:

to lease means the same as to rent(a house).租房用lease 和rent 都可以.one charters a bus, ship, or

aircraft.我们charter 包租汽车,船或飞机:to charter a ship 包租船/to travel in a chartered aircraft 乘包机

旅行.

cure vt.1.3 治愈,治好2.矫正,改正n.治愈,疗法2.良药

搭配to cure somebody of the cold but a cure for the cold

辨异:cure, treat

治疗treat 不一定治愈cure

cure sb. of a disease 治愈某人的病

treat sb. for a disease 治疗某人的病.

secure a.安全的.可靠的:a secure life 无忧无虑的生活2.放心的: feel secure about 对 感到放心

v.1[费了一番苦心才]得到,获得:he has secured a good seat.他已弄到一个好座位.2.使安全,保卫:the city

was secured with walls.那城市际交通以城墙为防卫.3.缚牢:did you secure the door?你把门锁好了吗?

chary a.小心的,谨慎的

charity n.常pl.慈善团体,慈善事业2.慈悲,慈善3.救济金,施舍物

casualty n.伤亡人员,死伤者2.受害人,损失的东西;casualty insurance 灾害保险

辨异:the injured 指事故中的受伤者;the wounded 指战争中的伤员;casualties 指伤者或伤亡人员,无论

事故,战争或自然灾害都适用.

辨异:occasion 时机, 机会,含有原因的意思,如:i sometimes have occasion to visit Birmingham on

business. opportunity 良机,机会,指某一特定时机,有利于做某事以实现某种抱负与愿望等; chance 机

会,运气, 指无法解释的天意或命运所安排的时机,强调偶然性.

precaution n.预防,防备,警惕:taking exercises is a precaution against a cold.锻炼身体以防感冒. 搭配: take precautions against 预防.

excavate v.开凿,挖掘,发掘(古物等)

很好的英语词汇速记法

conceal vt.隐藏,隐瞒

译:他设法对我隐瞒事实真相.

误: he tried to conceal the truth to me.

正: he tried to conceal the truth from me.

注:表示对某人隐瞒某事用hide/conceal sth. from sb.

辨异:hide, conceal 都表示隐藏: hide 作为及物动词,常可和conceal 通用,但hide 用途较广,可指偶然

的隐藏,不一定有故意的含义.conceal 常指有目的地,非常巧妙的掩藏或隐瞒.

表示数量的前缀

concentrate vt.1.集中,2.聚集3.浓缩:the orange juice is concentrated.这橙汁很浓.

death is a certainty.死是免不了的事.

一言辨异:

one may have a character, but may have many characteristics, all of which constitute one’s character.一个

人可能只有一种性格,但可能有多种特征、特点characteristic ，所以这些特征、特点便构成了一个人

总的特征、特点、品质character。

charm vt 使处于魔法支配之下1.使着魔，迷人n.魅力，迷人的特性2.使受魔法的保护n.符咒,随身

dec=10 cent=100 lilo=1000

deci=1/10 centi=1/100 milli=1/1000

decade 十年century 百年kilogram 千克

decimeter 分米centimeter 厘米millimeter 毫米

护符:it seemed as if he had a charmed life, and his enemy couldn’t harm him.他的生命似乎得到了神佑,

敌人无法伤害他.

change sth. into 将 变成

change sth. for 以 换

exchange n.v.交换,调换: in exchange for 以交换

n.交换台,交易所:the shanghai stock exchange 上海证券交易所.

exchange rate 汇率

译:在什么地方我可以把美元换成人民币?

误:Where can I exchange my dollars with Renminbi?

正:Where can I exchange my dollars for Reminbi?

注:表示以 换取 应接说exchange for .表示和某人换 才用exchange with sb. I’ll exchange my apple for your orange.

I wouldn’t exchange places with him for anything.

childish a.1.孩子的2.孩子气的,幼稚的:a childish idea 幼稚的想法

childlike a.孩子般的,天真的:childlike innocence 天真烂漫.

规则:以—ish 结尾者常含贬义,以---like 结尾者常含褒义.

chop wood 砍柴chop meat 剁肉n.排骨,肉块.

Before Christ 公元前B.C.公元前

Anno Domini 公元A.D.公元

注意:

很好的英语词汇速记法

B.C.写于年代之后:500B.C(.公元前500 年)

A.D.写于年代之前:A.D.500(公元500 元)

Δ美式英语B.C.也可写在年代之前.

civil servants 文职人员

reclaim [re 回归+claim 要求;要求归还] vt.1.要回,回收2.开垦(荒地);reclaim the desert 开垦沙漠

reclaim land from the sea 填河造田

exclaim v.呼喊,惊叫,大声说:exclaim against injustice 鸣不平

辨异:exclaim 为表现强烈感情而叫;yell 为因某种原因或为引起注意而大叫;scream, shriek 为因恐怖,

痛苦等原因而尖叫.an exclamation mark 惊叹号.

proclaim vt.宣告,宣布,声明:proclaim war 宣战/proclaim a law 宣布法律

辨异:announce, declare, proclaim 宣布,宣告:proclaim 的主语只能是权力机关或政府领导;announce 和

declare 则可以用普通个人作主语.

mate n.1.伙伴,同事2.配偶;choose one’s mate 择偶v.使成配偶,交配:birds mate in spring.鸟在春季交配.

polish 擦亮皮鞋

scrub 擦除墙上涂鸦

wipe 擦拭桌面

clearance n.清除,清理2.批准,许可.

clarify vt.澄清,阐明:clarify the water 澄清水/clarify the meaning 弄清意思.

辨异:

Clasp means “to take and /or hold firmly inside your hand or arms”: the little girl was clasping a large doll.

Grasp means “to catch onto and hold firmly especially with your hands”: I was able to save myself by

grasping a rope.

Grip means “to take and keep a very tight hold of something, especially with your fingers”: the frightened

child gripped his mother’s hand.

o’clock ad .点钟(of the clock 之略)

译:到晚上7 点钟孩子已经找到了.

误:By seven o’clock p.m. the child had been found.

正:By seven p.m. the child had been found.

正:By seven o’clock in the evening the child had been found.

注:o’clock( 点钟)不能和p.m.(下午;晚上)或a.m.(上午)一起使用.误句中o’clock 应去掉,或者把p.m.

改成in the evening.

enclose vt.1.(用篱笆等)围起,圈起:enclose a garden with a wall 用墙围住花园2.(随函)封入,附寄:I

herewith enclose a check for $100.兹随函附上100 美元支票一张.

inclusive a.包括的,包含的1.包括一切费用在内的:inclusive terms at a hotel 旅馆包括各种费用的价

很好的英语词汇速记法

目2.首末日或页码等包括在内的:from Monday to Friday inclusive 从星期一到星期五(包括星期五在

内)

exclude [ex-在外+clud 关闭;把 关闭在外] vt.把 排除在外,排斥: exclude immigrants from a country

拒绝移民入境

exclusive a.排外的,排斥的确良1.奢华的,高级的:one of London’s exclusive hotels2.独有的,独享的:the

bathroom is president’s exclusive use.3.新闻报刊文章独家的:the exclusive news.

搭配:

exclusive of 不计 在内

exclusive to 为 所独享,独有

exclusively ad.专门地,排他地:be made by the factory exclusively 由该厂独家生产.

conclude v.结束,完结[比close 正式]2.缔结,议定:conclude peace 缔结和约3.作出结论,推论出. conclude a meeting=close a meeting

the film closed/closed with the heroine’s death.访电影以女主角的死作为结尾

preclude [pre-预先+clude 关闭] vt.阻止,排除,妨碍:a prior engagement will preclude me from coming.我

因有约在先,不能来了.

collect vt.收集,聚集2.取,接3.收(帐,税等)

试译:collect the child from school/collect wages/collect income tax

译文:接孩子放学/领取薪金/收所得税

recollect vt.回忆,追想

搭配: 回忆recall/recollect+doing sth.

辨异: 一般说,recall 强调一次回忆,recollect 强调回忆过程.例如: try hard to recollect what you saw jus t

before the accident.尽量回忆一下事故发生前你所见到的情况.

colony n.殖民地2 聚居区:Tangren Street is a Chinese colony in the United Sates.

勿混colonist 与colonialist:如新大陆发现后,欧洲人将非洲黑人贩卖到美洲.这些欧洲人便是 colonialists,被贩卖的非洲黑人则是colonists.

colour one’s hair red 将头发染成红色

彩色铅笔coloured pencils

fade 褪色

see off the old and welcome the new 辞旧迎新

译:她永远都是受欢迎的客人.

误:she is always a welcomed visitor.

正:she is always a welcome visitor.

command v./n. 1.命令,指挥2.统率3.俯瞰(景色) n.掌握,运用能力.

The hill commands a fine view. 山顶可以凭眺美景.

demand v.要求,强令2.急需3 查问,询问n.要求,需要,需求(量)

译:我要求他答复.

误: I demanded him for an answer.

正: I demanded an answer of him.

注: demand 不能把被要求的人作为宾语直接连在一起,须加of

很好的英语词汇速记法

译: 我要求约翰立即到那儿去.

误: I demanded John to go there at once.

正: I demanded that John (should)go there at once.

注: demand 不能接宾语+不定式而接that 从句,且从句中的谓语动词应用(should)+动词原形 commit v.1.委托2 to 将 委托给.使对 承担义务::the president committed the committee to work

out a plan. 3 oneself to 献身于:he committed himself to the cause.

commitment n.信奉,献身2.承担的义务3.承诺,许诺,保证.

commission 是执行某种职能的机构,比committee 的范围大.国务院下属各种委员会都是commission,

如Science And Technology Commission 科委,Economic Commission 经委等.

commune n.公社:the Commune of Paris 巴黎公社

community n.共同体(因信仰,职业等结成的团体及居住区)1.团体,社会2.派,界,族3.区,社区4.生物群.

immune a. to 免疫的,有免疫力的2.from免除的,豁免的vaccine 1. 名词[c/u] 疫苗 be immune to the disease 对该病有免疫力

be immune from taxation 免除捐税

immunize v.使免疫: vaccination immunizes people against smallpox.种痘能使人免患天花.

company n.同伴,陪伴: in company with 和 一起,和 一道./keep company with 与 交往;与 形影不

离2.单同复客人(们):invite (a) company to tea 请客人出席茶会3.公司,商号

accompany vt.1.陪伴,陪同2.伴随,和 一起发生:I had a headache accompanied with fever.我头痛并且

发烧.3.(on/at)为 伴奏:he accompanied her at /on the piano.他为她钢琴伴奏

译:坐在这儿陪我一下

误:Sit here and accompany me for a while.

正:Sit here and keep me company for a while.

注:Keep sb. company 才表示陪伴,和某人作伴的意思, accompany 表示陪同 去, (go with)的意思.

companion n.同伴,伴侣: a companion in war 战友.

compare vt.比较,相比

注意: 作与 比较解时,现既可以用with,也可以用to,但作把 比作解时却只能用to.试比较: he compares my book with/to his.他把我的书和他的作比较

he compares books to the friends.他把书比作朋友.

comparative a.比较的,相对的.:live in comparative comfort 过着比较舒适的生活.

compel vt.强迫,迫使: compel tears from one’s audience 催人泪下.

辨异:语气由强到弱:force＞compel＞oblige

compulsion n.逼迫,强迫: to act under compulsion.被迫采取行动.

expel [ex-出+pel 推,驱] vt.驱动1.驱逐2.排出3.把 除名,把 开除

he was expelled from school.他被开除(学籍)

辨异:expel 泛指驱逐,banish 特指驱逐出境,exile 特指放逐,流放:如the German diplomat has been

banished from china. napoleon was exiled to the island of St. Helena.

propel [pro-向前+pel 推] vt.推进,推动,激励: the ship is propelled by steam.这艘船是用蒸气推

很好的英语词汇速记法

动的.派

生:propeller n.推进器,螺旋桨

repel vt.1.击退,逐回:repel the enemy 击退敌人2.排斥3.使厌恶:she was repelled by the dirty room.

impulse n.冲动,突然的欲望2.脉冲

搭配:act on impulse 意气用事

pulse n.脉冲,脉搏: feel/take the patient ’s pulse 按病人的脉搏.

confident a.确信的,有信心的a confident secretary 充满自信的秘书

confidential a.机密的,亲信的,秘密的a confidential secrtary 机要秘书

we have confidence in our future.

we are confident of our future.

注:名词confidence 后接in,但形容词confident 后却要接of.

clutch vt.抓紧,紧握vi. (at)企图抓住n.1. pl.掌握,控制2.离合器.

conditional a.条件的,带有条件的unconditional a.无条件的.

搭配:be conditional on/upon 视 而定: this is conditional on the overall plan.

conflict vi.冲突,抵触n.争论,抵触,冲突:in conflict with 与 冲突

afflict vt.使苦脑,折磨:he was afflicted at the failure.他遭受失败的折磨.

inflict vt.1.加以(打击)2.使遭受(损伤,痛苦),使承担(负担)

搭配:to inflict on/upon

The typhoon inflicted serious damage on the city.

The teacher inflicted punishment upon her.

辨异:associate 指心里边通过联想而联系,常与with 连用: I associated politics with wars, connect或指认

为有联系或有关系,此时常用于被动语态;或指使用工具把一物与另一物连接起来,常与to 连用: i

always considered your brother to be connected with the crime. combine 指为一目的而把两个以上的东

西结合在一起.they combined the two companies. join 指直接连接,常与to 连用:join one thing to another.

content n.1.含量2.(作品等的)内容

sea water contains salt.海水中含有盐

the salt content of sea water.海水中盐的含量

the book is very good in content and form.这本书内容和形式都很好.

contents n. pl.容器所装的东西2.目录

译:袋子里装的是什么?

误:what is the content of the bag?

正:what are the contents of the bag?

注:作为容器所装的东西欧国家和目录讲时通常驻机构用content 的复数形式:比较: the content of the book 书的内容,实质

the contents of the book 书的目录

但作目录讲时,谓语动词要用单数: is there a contents in the book?这本书有目录吗? contemptible a.(被人)鄙视的,可鄙的

contemptuous a.鄙视(某人物某物)的

contemptible 含有被动意义; contemptuous 含主动意义

很好的英语词汇速记法

一言辨异:we’re contemptuous of something or somebody contemptible.

我们鄙视所有可鄙视的人或事.

continual a.不停的,频频的(连续而有间断)

It has been raining continually for two day.断断续续地下了两天雨.

continuous a.连续不断的,连绵不绝的.

It has been raining continuously for two days. 不停地下了两天雨.

the continuity of the story 故事的连贯性

the continuation of the story 故事的续篇

cord n.(细)绳

辨异:由粗到细:rope---cord---sting---thread.

chord n.和弦,和音2.弦,心弦

in chord 一齐,一致,共同

corps n.团体,军团diplomatic corps 外交使团

corpse n.尸体,死尸examine the corpse 验尸

incorporate vt.1. 把 合并, 使并入:the firm incorporated with others.2.包含, 加上,吸收:we will

incorporate your suggestion in this new plan.

rectify vt.纠正,修复(正式用语):rectify the errors 纠正错误/rectify the style of work 整顿工作作风the

rectification campaign 整风运动

count v.点数,计算:count on one’s fingers 屈指计算2.把 算入,计讲:there are forty people, comnting

the children.把小孩算在内,共40 人.3.算数:that doesn’t count.那不算数.

account n.账,账户:accounts department 财务部2.说明,叙述vi.说明(原因等)

account for 说明(原因等):his illness accounts for his absence from school.他因生病未能去上学. take into account 考虑:we must take all possibilities into account.我们必须考虑所有的可能性.

on account of 因为,由于:he was absent from school on account of illness. 他因生病未能去上学.

accountant n.会计(人员) accounting n.会计(学) counter n.柜台2.计数器

discount [dis-不+count 算]不了n.1.折扣vt.1.打折扣2.漠视,不考虑

译:他以九折的价钱买了这房子.

误:he bought the house at a 90% discount.

正:he bought the house at a 10% discount.

注:discount 指某物减价出售时所减去的那个百分比.中文“折扣”意为扣除所减之百分比后余下的

那个百分比.换言之,中文说九折,英文是10%discount; 照此类推,八折,即英文的20% discount. dispute [dis-分离+pute 考虑;想法不一,各持己见] vi./n.争论:dispute with sb. about/over sth.就某事与

某人争论.

辨异:debate, argue, dispute, quarrel

debate 原义舌战,因此,debate 着重双方各自陈述理由,交锋意味较强.

dispute 原义“think apart”,因此,着着就分歧进行热烈的争论,相持不下或未得到解决的意味较强.

很好的英语词汇速记法

argue vi,争论,争辩:argue with sb. about/on sth.与 争论 vt.论证,主张+that clause2.说服:argue sb.

into/out of 说服 做/不做

辨异:both argue and quarrel can mean “to have an unpleasant disagreement in which people feel angry”

:Jack and Jill argued /quarreled about who should get the money, and stopped speaking to each other.

however you can also argue with someone (have a discussion in which there are differences of opinion)

without feeling angry: Jill and I often have a drink together and argue about modern art. deputy n.代理人,代表2.副职,副手

搭配:

a deputy for sb.某人的代理a deputy to (组织,机构的等) 的代表

误:a deputy of the congress 正:a deputy to the congress

搭配类例:china’s representatives to the United Nations (中国驻联合国的代表)

辨异:中文里的副字在英文中通常有4 个对应词,这四个词一般来说不能互相替换.vice 与president,

chairman, governor 等职务搭配;associate 最常见于associate professor; under 见于under secretary(在美

国为副部长,日本为次长);另一个是deputy,大约相当于我们的第一副职,即正职不在的情况下代理正

职的副职.

辨异:reputation 可指好名声,亦可指坏名声,旨调人们心目中的印象.fame 仅指好名声,强调较高的知

名度.he has a reputation for greediness. 他贪婪出名.Charles achieved great fame as an aviator.查尔斯作

为一名飞行员出了名.

viscount [注意发音vaikaunt][VIS-副,次] n.子爵

country n.国家乡下,农村countryside n.农村,乡下

译:我宁愿住在乡下而不愿住在城市

误:i prefer living in the countryside to being in the town.

正:i prefer living in the country to being in the town.

注:在强调区别于城市或城镇的乡村时用the country; 泛指一切乡村时用the countrside.如:the countryside is the most beautiful at this time.此时农村景色最美.

encounter vt./n.遭遇/遇到: to encounter opposition 遭到反对/to have an encounter with a snake 遇到一

条蛇

辨异:与meet 不同,encounter 常表示:1.meat sth. bad, esp. a danger or difficulty; 2.meet with, meet

unexpectedly

I’m going to meet(not encounter )a friend this afternoon.

I encountered (or met) a friend of mine on the street this afternoon.

contradict [contra=against+dict=speak] VT.反驳,否认 的真实性2.与 相矛盾

译:自相矛盾:

很好的英语词汇速记法

误:contradict with oneself

正:contradict oneself

注:contradict 与marry(与 结婚)等一样是及物动词,后不能再用多余的介词with

contrast [contra=against+st=stand 对立] v. n. 对比,对照:present a sharp contrast to 与 形成鲜明的

对比vi.(with)形成对比,对比之下显出区别

to contrast with 把 与 相对比

to contrast with 形成对比,对比之下显出区别

in contrast with 与 成对比

辨异:on the contrary, in contrast:

1. on the contrary 用于否定某一个陈述: “it’s cold.” “on the contrary, it’s hot”

2. in contrast 用于两件对立的事实,指出其实的差异处: it was cold yesterday, but in contrast it’s very

hot today.昨天很冷,但相反地,今天很热.

controversial a.引起争议的,有争议的.

in the course of 在 过程中,在 期间

fossils were found in the course of the work,在工作中发现了化石.

the new harbor is in course of construction.新码头正在兴建中.

注:

duke 公爵＞marquis 侯爵＞earl 伯爵＞viscount 子爵＞baron 男爵

in course of =in process of 正在;

in the course of =during or before the end of 在 中,在 时间之内.

intercourse [inter-在 之间+course 行,流;彼此间的来往] n.交往,交际,交流: commercial intercourse

with Japan 与日本的通商.

excursion n.短途旅行,游览,远足: this spring holiday, our class took an excursion to Jiaxing by train.今

年春假,我们班级一起坐火车到嘉兴去春游.

incur [in-向内+cur 跑] vt.招致,惹起,遭受:incur hatred 招来冤恨/incur danger 遭受危险.

occur [oc-to+cur 跑,跑来-来临-发生]vi. 发生;出现;存在=exist: misprints occur on every page.每页上都

有印刷错误.2.[跑到脑海中来](to)被想起,被想到

辨异: occurrence 可指意外或计划中发生的事件,事情; happening, 也可指日常或普通家庭中的事

情.Getting up is an everyday occurrence (not happening)

recur [re-again] vi. 再发生,重现:if the pain recurs ,take the tablet./the memory of the accident often

recurs to me.

court n.庭院1.朝廷2.法庭,法院3.球场courtiers n.朝臣

go to court 进宫, 上朝

crack n.裂缝,裂口vi.爆裂,破裂vt.使破裂

try to crack the walnut without breaking the kernel.把核桃砸开,但不要把核仁砸碎了. clash vi/n.金属的撞击2.刺耳的撞击声3.冲突,不协调

the two armies clashed on the border.两军在边境交锋.

很好的英语词汇速记法

a border clash 边境冲突

our ideas clashed with theirs. 我们的意见和他们的不合.

a clash of ideas 意见不合.

crash v./n. 碰撞2.坠落,坠毁: the dishes crashed to the floor.盘子哗啦啦坠地而碎.

辨异: crash 和clash 均有撞击的含义.crash 指因坠下或猛冲而砰地碰撞;clash 指金属制品等式逻辑

铿锵有声的撞击

crash 着重破坏clash 着重声音.

与 相撞crash into /collide with

crush vt.压碎,碾碎,压皱,压扁: they are crushing grapes for wine./the hat was crushed under her.

2.镇压,压倒: they crushed the revolt /their enemy.

辨异:

restore vt.使 恢复(健康)

recover vt.恢复(健康) vi. from 痊愈,复元

creature n.人,动物,生物: a poor creature 可怜虫

creation n.宇宙,天地万物THE CREATION 专指“上帝创造天地”

crime n.罪,罪行: commit a crime 犯罪

辨异: crime 是法律上的罪,宗教上的罪叫sin: commit a sin 作孽,live in sin 同居

concrete [con-togther,一起+crete 造;(生)成一体] n. 混凝土a.具体的,实在的

cement 水泥

plaster 灰泥

具体的:

concrete 与abstract 抽象的相对的具体

specific 与general 一般,vague 模糊相对的具体

汉:我感兴趣事的是具体事物,而不是抽象概念.

英:I am interested in concrete objects instead of abstract notion.

汉:我把具体细节留给你去安排.

英:I’ll leave you to fill in the specific details.

discrete a. 离散的,分离的,不相关联的: the picture consisted of a lot of discrete spots of color. credit n.1.信用2.信誉3.学分(学习成绩的信誉卡)

cripple [crip(creep)的变体+le 表示反复] n.跛子,伤残人vt.使跛,使受伤致残: he was crippled in the

accident.2.严重削弱,使陷于瘫痪: the country was crippled by the war.

形lame a.跛的,瘸的

名cripple 跛子,瘸子

动cripple 使跛

动limp 跛行,一瘸一拐地走

试译: the cripple who is lame in the left leg is limping on the way home.

name n.名字,名义v,提名

nominal a.挂名的,名义上的; nominate v.提名

order n.次序

ordinal a.序数的n.序数语

fascism n.法西斯fasc 原义魔棒

fascinate v.使 着魔,销魂,迷惑

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