上海牛津英语知识点和语法点配练习

上海牛津英语知识点和

语法点配练习

Company number【1089WT-1898YT-1W8CB-9UUT-92108】

教学重点：重点句型的运用

教学难点：情态动词、代词

教学过程：1、词汇（快速过）2、语法（详解）3、家庭作业9A Chapter 1 The night of the horse

一、词汇

词汇提高篇

Stonehenge n. 史前巨石柱Egypt n. 埃及

send in 上交，呈递

tale n. 传说

the Trojans 特洛伊人

Troy 特洛伊城

beyond prep. 在……远处stair n. 楼梯

capture v. 捕获，占领darkness n. 黑暗

drag v. 拖，拉

Greek a. 希腊的 n. 希腊人include v.包括

plain n. 平原

Pyramid n. 金字塔

roughly ad. 粗暴地

securely ad. 安全的

seize v. 抓住

unable a.没有能力的

arrow n. 箭，箭头

bow n. 弓

fictional a.虚构的

legend n. 传说，传奇politician n. 政客sportsman n. 男运动员sportswoman n. 女运动员

junk a. 陈旧，无用或不值钱的东西

mend v.修补

词形转换

基础

1.部分单词的复数形式

army---armies; enemy---enemies; century---centuries 2. 几组反义词

disappear---appear;（消失---出现）enemy---friend;（敌人---朋友）

dark---bright; (黑暗的--- 明亮的)empty---full；（空的---满的）

stupid---

clever/bright/wise/intelligent /smart（愚蠢的---聪明的）

3. history n. 历史

historical a. 历史的

4. wooden a. 木头的 wood n. 木头

5. city n. 城市 citizen n. 市民

6. frightened a. 受惊吓的（修饰人） frightening a. 恐怖的（修饰物） frighten v. 使害怕

7 .help n./v. 帮助

helpful a. 有帮助的

8. succeed v. 使……成功success n. 成功

9. enter v. 进入 entrance n. 入口

10. difficult a. 困难的difficulty n. 困难

提高

1. dark a. 黑暗的

darkness n. 黑暗

2. Greek a.& n. 希腊的，希腊人 Greece n. 希腊

3. able---unable （有能力的---没有能力的）enable v. 使……能

4. celebrate v. 庆祝celebration n.

e.g. celebrate

Christmas/celebrate one’s birthday/celebrate a success 5. securely ad.安全地

secure a.安全的

6. including prep.包括include v. 包括

7. giant a. = very large 巨大的 op. tiny 微小的

8. secret n. 秘密 secretly ad. 秘密地

9. succeed v.成功 success n.成功 successful a. 成功的successfully a. 成功地

10. rough a. 不平的；粗糙的；崎岖的 roughly ad.

11. Troy n.特洛伊城 Trojan n./a.特洛伊人（的）

12. Europe n. 欧洲

European a.& n. 欧洲的（人）

a European

13.fiction n . 虚构的事fictional a.虚构的

14. politics n. 政治

politician n. 政客

15. sport n. 运动sportsman

男运动员 sportswoman

词组基础

1. two at a time 一次两个

2. make jokes about sb. 拿……开玩笑 =make fun of

3. no longer 不再 =not…any longer

e.g. I am no longer a

child.= I am not a child any longer.

4.. seconds later =after a while =moments later 过了一会儿

5. look down at 向下看着

6. take sth with sb. 随身带去某物

7. obey orders 遵守命令

8. make sure that+从句确信(make sure= be sure)

9. go to sleep = fall asleep 入睡

10. succeed in doing sth =be successful in doing sth.

=manage to do sth 成功地干某事11. by a trick用诡计 by midnight到了午夜

12. sail away 驾船驶走

13. the Indian Ocean 印度洋

14. enjoy oneself=have a good time=have a wonderful time 过得愉快

15. get rid of 摆脱

16. play a trick on sb. 捉弄某人

提高

1. in the darkness= in the dark 在黑暗中

2. send in 上交，呈递

3. except for 除了

4. be securely locked 被安全地锁上

5. pull…into把…放进…中

drag…into把…拉进…中

6. drag sb. away 掳走

二、重要内容讲解

※ 1. A newspaper ran a short story competition on famous tales from history.

报纸举办一个依据着名历史故事创作短篇小说的比赛。

（1）run作及物动词，意为“管理、经营、指挥”。

eg. My father ran a camera store last year. 我父亲去年管

理照相器材商店。

Who runs the business? 谁管事

He is running the shop while the owner is away. 店主不在

他经营商店。

run作为动词，可作“跑，驾驶，运转，延伸，流失，上演”等之意。

eg. I'm tired because I've just run home from school.

我累了，因为我刚从学校跑回家。

The machines run day and night. 机器日夜不停地转动。

The good news ran through our village. 这个好消息在我们村里传开了。

（2）on作介词，意为“关于”。

eg. We are going to listen to a lecture on Africa history this afternoon.

今天下午我们将听一个关于非洲历史的演讲。

辨析：on, about

about指泛泛地或非正式地谈论某事，on指比较系统、深入地论述某事。

试比较：It is a book on birds. 那是一本论及鸟类的书。(可能是一本学术着作)

It is a book about birds. 那是一本关于鸟的书。(可能是一本供小孩看的关于鸟类的故事书)

※ 2. This is a story one of the students sent in. 这是其中一个学生寄来的参赛故事。

（1）本句是一个含有定语从句的复合句。one of the students sent in作定语，修饰story，其中，省去了作宾语的关系代词。

（2）send in表示“将某物寄去某处（参加比赛或进行处理），或派遣到某地”。

eg. I have made up my mind to send in my resignation. 我决心提交我的辞职申请书。

We decided it was time to send in British troops. 我们认定是该派遣英国军队去那里的时候了。

与send有关的短语：

send away 开除，解雇send for 派人去请

send up 发射，把……往上送 set off 出发，动身，启程

set one's mind to do sth. 一心想做

※ 4. But the captain of the guards was no longer listening. 但首领并没有再听下去。

（1）no longer固定短语，意为“不再”，相当于not…any longer，表示某种状态在某个时间之后不再继续下去，本身带有否定含义，常用在系动词之后，实义动词之前。

eg. I'm no longer a student. 我不再是个学生了。

＝I'm not a student any longer.

He no longer lives here. 他不在这儿居住了。

＝He doesn't live here any longer.

辨析：no longer; not ... any longer; no more; not ... any more

no longer相当于not any longer，指“时间上不再延续”，常与状态动词或延续性动词连用。

eg. Annie does not live here any longer. 安妮不住在这儿了。

He is no longer a child. 他不再是一个小孩子了。

no more相当于not any more，指“数量上或程度上不再增加”，常与瞬间动词连用。

eg. I have no more money to give you. 我没有更多的钱给你。

The baby watched and listened, and she didn't cry any more. 那个婴儿看着、听着，不再哭了。

※ 5. He looked down at the empty plain and, beyond it, at the empty sea.

他俯视着空旷的平原，再远处是空寂的大海。

（1）look作不及物动词，意为“看”，look down向下看，其后接宾语加介词at，at后接看的对象，反义词组为look up at向上看……

eg. He looked down at the valley on the top of the hill. 他从山顶俯视峡谷。

He looked up at the blue sky and saw a plane flying over the city.

他向天空望去，看见一架飞机从城市上空飞过。

look down upon表示“瞧不起，歧视”的意思。

eg. We shouldn't look down upon the poor. 我们不应该看不起穷人。

（2）beyond在此句中作介词用，介词beyond一般有四种用法：

①在位置上表“在……以外”、“在……的那边”之意。

eg. Our steel works is a mile beyond the town. 我们的钢厂在离城一英里外。

Their paper mill is beyond the river. 他们的造纸厂是在河的对岸。

②在时刻上表示“过了……”、“比……晚”之意。

eg. Now it is beyond six o'clock. 现在过六点了。

Today he checked the circuit beyond the usual time. 今天他比平时晚些才检查好线路。

③在范围上表示“超过”、“出乎……之外”之意。

eg. beyond all comparison无可比拟；beyond all hope没有希望；beyond belief难以置信；beyond comprehension不能理解；beyond dispute无可争论；beyond control不受约束，不受控制；beyond doubt无疑；beyond expression难以喻言；beyond expectation出乎意料，不料

The book is quite beyond me.（表语）这本书非我所能理解。

We found Beijing changed beyond recognition.（状语）我们发现北京变了，使人认不得了。

By radar people can see the things beyond the visibility of them.（定语）利用雷达人们能看见视线以外的东西。

④作“除……外”解。

eg. Beyond this he knows nothing. 除此以外，他一无所知。

I know nothing about the matter beyond what I have read in the magazines.（what从句作beyond的宾语。）关于这件事，除了我在杂志上所看到的以外，我毫无所知。

The desk is _______________ ________ wood.

Paper is _______________ _____________ wood.

Wood can be ________________ ____________ paper.

This kind of car is _______________ ___________ Shanghai.

※ 6. The Greeks have tried for ten years to capture our city.

希腊人用了十年去试图占领我们的城市。

（1）The Greeks 希腊人

定冠词通常用在表示姓氏的复数名词或表示民族名称的名词前，表示全家或整个民族。

eg. The Turners are sitting at breakfast table. 特纳一家正在吃早饭。

The English have a wonderful sense of humour. 英国人富有幽默感。

（2）to capture our city相当于to make our city their prisoner，意为“占领我们的城市”。capture作动词，意为“夺取，占领”，后边可加人/地点/动物/事物。

eg. They captured Tom and threw him in prison. 他们抓住了汤姆，并把他送进监狱。

It took them 24 hours to capture the city. 攻下这座城市花费了他们24个小时。

Our task was to capture a number of these monkeys alive. 我们的任务是活捉许多猴子。

Overseas firms captured almost 41％ of the market. 海外公司掌握了将近41％的市场。

※ 7. You don't have to think. 你不必考虑。

don't have to相当于needn't，意为“没有必要”。

eg. Since you are ill you don't have to attend the meeting.

既然你病了，就不必参加这个会议。

Mrs. Li doesn't have to wash the dishes this evening, because her daughter has washed them.

今晚李夫人不必再洗盘子，因为她女儿已经洗好了。

don't have to/needn't可以作为must开头的疑问句的否定答

语。

eg. －Must we clean the classroom now? 我们必须现在打扫教室吗

－Yes, you must. 是的，必须现在打扫。

－No, you needn't/ don't have to. 不必现在打扫。

例题：

① Since you are ill, you _____ attend the meeting.

A. haven’t to

B. don’t need

C.

needn’t to D. don’t have to

② Mrs. Li _______wash the dishes this evening. Her

daughter has washed them for her.

A. doesn’t need

B. doesn’t need to

C. needn’t to

D. has not to

※8. Outside the main gate of the city stood a huge horse made of wood.

一匹巨大的木马矗立城外。

（1）这是一个倒装句，相当于A huge horse made of wood stood outside the main gate of the city.

地点状语后面如有表示位置的动词 (如lie, live, sit, stand) 或转移的动词 (如come, go, rise)，用作主语的名词可以放在动词之后。这种情形主要出现在描写文中。

eg. At the top of the hill stood the tiny chapel. 那座小教堂矗立在山顶上。

In the fields of poppies lay the dying soldiers. 罂粟地里躺着奄奄一息的士兵们。

主语如是代词则不能倒装。

eg. At the top of the hill it stood out against the sky. 它背衬青天矗立在山顶上。

（2）a huge horse made of wood表示“木制的巨大马匹”，made of wood是过去分词短语作定语，相当于定语从句，a huge horse made of wood.＝a horse which was made of wood.

eg. some desks made of wood 木制的课桌；a knife made of iron 铁制的小刀

辨析：be made of，be made from，be made in，be made by，be made for

be made of和be made from都表示“由……制成”，主语为制成品，但前者表示制成成品后，仍可看出原材料是什么，保留原材料的质

和形状，制作过程仅发生物理变化；后者表示制成的东西完全失去了原材料的外形或特征，或原材料在制作过程中发生化学变化，在成品中已无法辨认。

eg. The kite is made of paper．风筝是用纸做的。

Bread is made from corn. 面包是小麦做的。

Butter is made from milk．黄油是从牛奶中提炼出来的。

be made in表示某物在某地生产或制造，in后接表示地点的名词；be made by表示“由（谁）制造”，by后接动作的执行者；be made for表示“为……而制造”。

eg. This TV set is made in Shanghai．这台电视是上海制造的。

The machine is made by the workers in the factory．这机器是由工厂里的工人们制造的。

These desks were made for the students．这些书桌是为学生们做的。

※ 9. It's so big that they couldn't take it with them. 木马太大了，他们拉不走。

（1）“so＋形容词或副词＋that…”结构用于引导结果状语从句，表示“如此……以至于……”。

eg. The doctor was so excited that he couldn't fall asleep.

那个医生如此兴奋以至于无法入睡。

The cinema is so far that we'll have to take a bus there.

电影院太远了，我们不得不乘公共汽车去那儿。

（2）so…that与such…that的区别

在so…that句型中，so是副词，其后跟形容词或副词；而such…that结构中，such是形容词，后面接名词或名词短语。两句型意思一样，结构不同，但引导的都是结果状语从句。即

eg. The dog runs so fast that I can't catch it.

那只狗跑得那么快，我抓不住它。

It was such a cold day that people had to stay at home. 天那么冷，人们不得不待在家。

It was such cold weather that some people caught a cold. 天那么冷，有些人感冒了。

It was so fine that we all went swimming.

It was __________ ___________ fine day _____________ we all went swimming.

※ 10. And so the Trojans dragged it into the city with ropes.

然后特洛伊人用绳子把马拽进了城市。

drag作动词，意为“拖，拉”，后边可以加sth./sb.

eg. She dragged a chair across the room to join them.

她拖把椅子穿过房间和他们坐在一起。

The Greeks seized the captain and dragged him away.

希腊人抓住了上尉并拖走了他。

辨析：drag, draw与pull

drag“拖，拉”，指慢慢地拖着笨重的东西，意味着所拖的东西阻力很大。

eg. The horse was dragging a heavy load. 马拖着很重的东西。

He dragged the body out of the river. 他从河中把死尸拉出来。

draw “拖，拉”，与pull相比，它通常指较平稳地，也往往是比较从容地拉。

eg. Draw your chair up to the table. 把你的椅子拉到桌子旁边来。

He drew the book towards him. 他把书拉/拖到他面前。

pull是个普通用语，意思是“用力拉”，指物体朝发出力的方向移动，不强调移动的方式。

eg. He pulled the door open. 他拉开了门。

Pull the door open. Don't push it. 把门拉开,别推。

※ 11. They sang and danced around the horse, and make jokes about their enemies, the stupid Greeks. 他们围着马唱歌，跳舞，开他们的敌人的玩笑——愚蠢的希腊人。

make jokes about固定词组，意为“以……为笑柄，取笑”。

eg. They made jokes about my old hat. 他们取笑我的旧帽子。

类似的词组有：play a joke on sb. 开某人的玩笑

eg. Let's play a joke on Tom and close the door so that he can't get in.

让我们给汤姆开个玩笑，关上门不让他进来。

have a joke 开玩笑

eg. She was having a joke with Tom.

她正和汤姆开玩笑。

※ 12. They all went to sleep, including the gate guards.

他们全都去睡觉了，包括门卫。

including作介词，意为“包括”。

eg. There were six people in the car, including a baby. 车里有六个人，包括一个小孩儿。

The new apartment consists of three rooms including the kitchen. 这套公寓有三个房间，包括厨房。

辨析：include, including

include及物动词，意思是“包括；算在内”，后可接名词或动词-ing形式作宾语。

eg. Your duty includes putting the children to bed. 你的任务包括安排孩子们睡觉。

Please include me in your group. 请把我算在你们组内。

including 介词，意思是“包括”，后接名词或代词。

eg. There're twenty people in all, including us. 包括我们在内，一共有二十个人。

Eight people including two kids, were injured in the explosion.

八个人，包括两名儿童，在爆炸中受伤。

There were six people in the car, including a baby.

There were six people in the car, a baby ____________.

※ 13. By midnight, the square was empty except for the giant horse.

午夜，广场上空荡荡的，除了那匹巨大的马。

except for固定词组，意为“除……之外”。

eg. The room is empty except for a broken chair. 除了一把椅子，房间是空的。

Your composition was very good except for several mistakes.

除了几个小毛病，你的文章不错。

辨析：except, except for

两者都有“除……之外”的意思，但except指的是从同类的人或事物中排除其中一部分。

eg. He gets up early every day except Sunday. 除星期天外，他每天早起。

except for指除去的同所提到的不是同类事物，它所除去的部分是对前面总的情况作一些反面细节补充或说明，从而部分地修正句中所叙述的主要意思。

eg. Your writing is good except for a few grammar mistakes. 除了几处语法错误外，你的作文写得很好。

※ 14. In one night, they succeed in capturing it by a trick.

一夜之间，他们通过一个计谋成功地占领了它。

（1）succeed作动词，意为“成功”。

succeed in doing sth.相当于be successful in doing sth. 意为“做……取得成功”。

eg. We succeeded in passing all the exams. 我们成功地通过了所有的考试。

（2）by在此作介词，意为“靠，通过”，表示方式。

eg. Edison made a living by selling newspaper when he was young.

爱迪生小时候靠卖报纸谋生。

by还有如下用法：

①by指“用某种方法”或“用某种手段”。

eg. Please tell your father by telephone.请用电话告诉你父亲。

We often go home by bus.我们常常乘公共汽车回家。

These coats were made by hand.这些外套是手工做的。

注意：by hand表示抽象含义，意思为“用手工做”。

②by表示“在……旁边”，常常可以等于by the side of.

eg.The children are playing by(by the side of)the river.

孩子们正在河边玩耍。

There is an old big tree by the village. 村边有一棵古老的

大树。

③by用于被动语态中，引出动作的完成者，意思为“被……；由……”。

eg.The delicious food was eaten up by a cat. 那些可口的食

物被一只猫吃光了。

The door was closed by Li Ming. 门是被黎明关上的。

④表示时间，意为“在……以前，不迟于，到……时（为

止）”，等于before.

eg.Will you finish your homework by 8 p.m.? 8点前你能做完

作业吗

By this time tomorrow we shall arrive in Beijing. 明天的

这个时候我们该到北京了。

⑤by表示“经过”，可以指时间，也可以指空间，通常跟动词go, come等连用。

eg. With time going by, the weather gets warmer.=As time goes by, the weather gets warmer.随着时间的推移，天气变得更加暖和了。

My father went by our school without coming to see me.我父亲从我们学校经过，没有来看我。

⑥ by表示“按……”，如时间，长度，重量等。

eg. We sell cloth by the yard. 我们论码卖布。

They rent a house by the year. 他们按年租屋。

⑦ by表示“依据，根据”。

eg. By my watch, it is 8 o'clock now.我的表是八点。

⑧by表示“乘”。

eg. This is a room 5m by 4m. 这是一个长5米宽4米的房间。

⑨ by表示“由于”。

eg. He took the umbrella by mistake.他错拿了这把伞。

※ 15. The Greeks seized the captain.

seize seizing seized seized

John seized her arm and dragged her into the kitchen.

The police seized him by the collar.

说出下列短语的意思：

seize the airport

seize control of

seize power

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