直接引语间接引语

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关于直接引语与间接引语的经典练习题

直接引语和间接引语

【重难点分析】

直接引语和间接引语

（一）直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。例如：

Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework now.”

→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework then.

（二）直接引语改为间接引语时，都使用陈述语序，但是因为原句的句式不同，所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。

1.陈述句的间接引语

陈述句由直接引语变间接引语，通常由that引导，可以省略。

“I want the blue one.” he told us. “我想要兰色的。” 他说。

→He told us that he wanted the blue one.他说他想要兰色的。

She said to me, “You can’t settle anything now.”她对我说：“此刻你无法解决任何事情。”

→She told me that I couldn’t settle anything then. 她对我说那时侯我无法解决任何事。

2. 疑问句的间接引语

直接引语如果是疑问句，变成间接引语后，叫做间接疑问句。间接疑问句为陈述语序，句末用句号，动词时态等的变化与间接陈述句相同。引述动词常用ask, wonder, want to know, inquire

(1)．一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，由whether或if 引导。

如：

“Has he ever worked in Shanghai?”Jim asked.

“他在上海工作过吗？”吉姆问。

→Jim asked whether/if he had ever worked in Shanghai.

吉姆问他是否在上海工作过。

“Can you tell me the way to the hospital?” The old man asked.

那个老人问：“你能告诉我去医院的路吗？

→The old man asked whether I could tell him the way to the hospital.

那个老人问我是否能告诉他去医院的路。

(2). 特殊疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，仍由原来的疑问词引导。

如：

“Which room do you live in?” He asked. “你住哪个房间？”他问我。

→He asked me which room I lived in. 他问我住哪个房间。

“What do you think of the film?” She asked. 她问“你怎么看这部电影？”

→She asked her friend what she thought of the film. 她问她的朋友怎么看这部电影。

3. 祈使句的间接引语

当祈使句变为间接引语时，间接祈使句的引述动词常用tell，ask等，而把直接祈使句变成带to的不定式短语。如：

Jack said, “Please come to my house tomorrow, Mary. ”杰克说：“玛丽，明天请到我家来。”

→Jack asked Mary to go to his house the next day. 杰克请玛丽第二天到他家去。

The teacher said to the students, ”Stop talking.”老师对学生们说：“不要讲话了。”

→The teacher told the students to stop talking.老师让学生们不要说话了。

“Don’t touch anything.” He said.“不要碰任何东西。”他说。

→He told us not to touch anything.他对我们说不要碰任何东西。

4. 动词时态和代词等的变动

关于直接引语与间接引语的经典练习题

(1). 某些代词，限定词，表示时间或地点的副词和个别动词在间接引语中的变化规则如下：

直接引语间接引语

today that day

now then, at that moment

yesterday the day before

the day before yesterday two days before

tomorrow the next day / the following day

the day after tomorrow two days after, / in two days

next week/ month etc the next week/month etc

last week/ month etc the week / month etc. before

here there

this that

these those

come go

bring take

(2) 时态变化倒退

当引述动词（即引起间接引语的动词）为现在时形式，则间接引语中的动词时态不变。

She says, “ I am a doctor.” She says she is a doctor.

当引述动词为过去时态时，间接引语的时态一般往前推一步。时态变化和举例如下：

一般现在时→一般过去时

现在进行时→过去进行时

一般将来时→过去将来时

will/shall do→would/should do am/is going to do → was going to do

are going to do → were going to do

过去时/现在完成时/过去完成时→过去完成时

Can→could may→ might

Li Lei said, “I’m sure about it.” →Li Lei said that he was sure about it.

Helen said, “I’ve finished writing the report.” →Helen said that she had finished writing the report.

注意：表示不变的真理和事实或引语中有时间状语(某年某月某日)时，间接引语中的动词时态不变。

Mr. Brown said to us, “The earth goes around the sun.” →Mr. brown told us that the earth goes around the sun.

The Smiths said, “We came in 1998.” →The Smiths said that they came in 1998.

练习

I. Put the following into reported speech.

1. “In most countries red stands for danger.” Said Mr. Jackson.

2. “You must leave a message for your mother.” Said Tom.

3. “What can I do for you??” He asked.

4. “Shall I carry your bag for you?” Mary asked.

5. “Do you know her name?” My friend Jack asked me.

6. “Where is the nearest hospital?” John asked.

7. “Don’t look out of the window when you have classes.” Our teacher told us.

8. “Make good use of your time.” Mr. Li advised.

9. He asked Li Ying “Were you watching TV at this time yesterday?”

10. She said , “It happened on May 2nd, 1960.”

II. Please change the following sentences from indirect speech into direct speech.

11. Betty asked me if I had been at home the day before.

Betty asked me，“___ ___ at home ___?”

关于直接引语与间接引语的经典练习题

12. She said that she had been back for a week.

She said，“___ ___ ___ for a week.”

13. Mr. Smith said that John had told him all about it three weeks before.

Mr. Smith said，“John ___ ___ all about it three weeks ___.”

14. The teacher asked his student why she had made so many mistakes in the test that time.

The teacher asked his student，“Why __ __ __ so many mistakes in the test __ time?”

15. The teacher asked us whether we were ready.

The teacher asked us，“___ ___ ___?”

16. The teacher told her not to be late any more.

The teacher ___ ___ her，“___ ___ late any more!”

17. My doctor told me not to read in bed.

My doctor ___ ___ me，“___ ___ in bed.”

18. Liu Ying told me that she would help me with my English.

Liu Ying said to me，“___ ___ help ___ with ___ English.”

19. Do you know what factory his father works in?

What factory ___ his father ___ in? Do you know?

20. The monitor told us that we were going to have a meeting the next day.

The monitor said, “We ___ ___ to have a meeting ___.”

III. Reading

Man has always wanted to fly. Some of the greatest men in history have thought about the problem. One of these, for example, was the great Italian artist, Leonardo da Vinci. In the sixteenth century he made designs for machines that would fly. Among these designs there was actually one for a helicopter. There was also another one for a parachute (降落伞). But these things were all designs. They were never built.

Throughout history, other less famous men have wanted to fly. A typical example was a man in England 800 years ago. He made a pair of wings from chicken feathers. Then he fixed them to his shoulders and jumped into the air from a tall building. He did not fly very far. Instead, he fell to the ground and broke every bone in his body,

The first real steps took place in France, in 1783. Two brothers, the Montgolfiers, made a very large "hot air balloon". They knew that hot air rises. Why not fill a balloon with it? The balloon was made of cloth and paper. In September of that year, the King and Queen of France came to see the balloon. They watched it carry the very first air passengers into the sky. The passengers were a sheep, a chicken and a duck. We do not know how they felt about the trip. But we do know that the trip lasted eight minutes and that the animals landed safely. Two months later, two men did the same thing. On 21 November, Pilatre de Rozier and the Marquis a Arlande rose above Paris in a similar balloon. Their trip lasted twenty-five minutes and they traveled about eight kilometers.

21. In the sixteenth century, __________ was built to help fly in the sky.

A. a helicopter

B. parachute

C. designs for machines

D. nothing

22. The man with a pair of wings from chicken feathers _________.

A. flew very far

B. flew farther

C. realized his dream

D. fell to the ground and died

23. The “hot air balloon”could fly because __________.

A. hot air rises